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Vol 26, No 8 (2023)
Medical chemistry
Analysis of the relationship between indicators of oxidative stress and the amino acid profile of blood plasma in psoriasis
Abstract
Introduction. Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease that affects the skin, has a number of systemic manifestations and is associated with the development of a number of somatic pathologies. Significant systemic metabolic features of psoriasis are changes in the pool of free amino acids and oxidative stress.
The purpose of the study: analysis of markers of lipid peroxidation and oxidative modification of plasma proteins and peripheral mononuclear cells, the amino acid spectrum of blood plasma, in relation to each other and clinical signs of severity and duration of psoriasis, body mass index and blood pressure indicators.
Material and methods. The study group included 45 patients with psoriasis vulgaris. The control group included 46 donors. Determination of the levels of products of lipid peroxidation and oxidative modification of proteins was carried out by spectrophotometric methods. Blood plasma amino acid levels were determined by capillary electrophoresis.
Results. In patients with psoriasis, an increase in the concentrations of primary and secondary products of lipid peroxidation and the level of metal-catalyzed oxidative modification of proteins in blood plasma, a decrease in the concentrations of end products of lipid peroxidation in peripheral mononuclear cells were revealed. In the amino acid profile of the blood plasma of patients with psoriasis, an increase in the relative concentration of sulfur-containing amino acids, concentrations of phenylalanine, leucine, cysteine, and a decrease in the relative concentration of oxyaminoacids were revealed. Relationships between the levels of amino acids and markers of oxidative stress with the duration of the course of the disease or exacerbation, as well as the severity of psoriatic lesions of the skin, were not revealed. Cysteine levels in patients with psoriasis are positively correlated with body mass index and diastolic blood pressure; the relative content of oxyaminoacids in blood plasma negatively correlates with body mass index.
Conclusions. Changes in the amino acid profile of blood plasma in psoriasis occur in parallel with oxidative stress and skin inflammation, but are associated with excess body weight for cysteine and oxyaminoacids, which allows us to consider the levels of cysteine and oxyaminoacids as promising prognostic and diagnostic markers of comorbid pathology associated with psoriasis.
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Problems of experimental biology and medicine
Antiviral activity of a biologically active additive based on the extract of aspen bark in relation to the SARS-CoV-2 in experiments in vivo
Abstract
Purpose of the research. Study of antiviral activity, determination of a safe and effective dose of a dietary supplement based on aspen bark extract against the SARS-CoV-2 virus in a Syrian hamster model.
Material and methods. The object of the study was a biologically active food supplement based on an extract of aspen bark (Populus tremula L.), containing a concentrated aqueous extract of aspen bark and dihydroquercetin. We used a strain of coronavirus homologous to the early strain of human SARS-CoV-2, Wuhan-Hu-1, obtained from the State Collection of Viral Infections and Rickettsiosis of the FBRI SRC VB «Vector» of Rospotrebnadzor. The study of antiviral activity was carried out on Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) obtained from the nursery of laboratory animals of the FBRI SRC VB «Vector» of Rospotrebnadzor, according to the following parameters: the amount of virus RNA (viral load) and the infectious titer of the virus in the tissues of the lungs and nasal cavity.
Results. It was established that under the indicated conditions of therapy, an effective safe daily dose of the drug based on aspen bark extract is a dose of 2000 mg/kg – on the fourth day after infection, virus replication on the nasal mucosa of infected animals significantly decreased by 3 times and the infectious titer of the virus – by 43 times. With an increase in the daily dose to 4000 mg / kg, signs of a toxic effect were observed. The minimum therapeutic daily dosage of the drug in the early period after infection with respect to SARS-CoV-2 was determined - at a daily dose of 250 mg/kg, the drug significantly reduced the viral load in the tissues of the nasal cavity by 6.6 times and the infectious titer by 12.5 times.
Conclusions. As a result of in vivo studies, it has been shown that a biologically active food supplement based on aspen bark extract has antiviral activity against the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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Influence of Rhaponticum uniflorum and Serratula centauroides dry extracts on the conditional reactions development with negative reinforcement in white rats
Abstract
The study purpose: to evaluate the effect of the Rhaponticum uniflorum and Serratula centauroides dry extracts on the development of conditioned reactions with negative reinforcement in white rats.
Materials and research methods. The studies were conducted on Wistar white rats. Dry extracts of R. uniflorum and S. centauroides in doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg were administered per os to animals of the experimental groups. In the first series of experiments, the effect of the studied extracts on the development of conditional reactions of visual differentiation and active avoidance in intact animals was evaluated; in the second series – on the formation and preservation of the conditional reaction of passive avoidance against the background of acute hypoxia.
Research results. It was found that R. uniflorum (at doses of 50 and 200 mg/kg) and S. centauroides (at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg) extracts contribute to the acceleration of conditional reactions of visual differentiation production by 20-23% compared with the control. The most rapid formation in the section was observed in animals receiving R. uniflorum extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Against the background of the introduction of S. centauroides extract in doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, the number of samples spent on the formation of active avoidance decreased by 21 and 23%, R. uniflorum extract in similar doses – by 27 and 25%, respectively, compared with the control. In animals treated with extract R. uniflorum at a dose of 200 mg/kg and S. centauroides extract at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, 1 hour after hypoxic exposure, conditional reaction of passive avoidance persisted in 83-92%, on day 3 – in 58% of animals. Against the background of the introduction of R. uniflorum extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg, active avoidance was formed in 100% of animals, and was preserved after 24 and 72 hours in 83 and 67% of animals.
Conclusion. R. uniflorum and S. centauroides extracts contribute to the acceleration of the development of conditioned reflexes with negative reinforcement both in intact animals and against the background of a hypoxic state. The most pronounced nootropic effect of the studied extracts is shown at a dose of 100 mg/kg.
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Pharmaceutical chemistry
Chemical composition, biological activity and prospects for medical use fruits Ziziphus jujuba
Abstract
The development of herbal medicines continues to be an extremely important area of scientific research. One of the sources of such can be the fruits of the present Ziziphus jujuba Mill., which are increasingly becoming the object of research in relation to their chemical composition and various types of pharmacological activity. In this regard, the aim of the study was to analyze the current state of research in the field of chemical composition, biological activity and prospects for the medical use of MNs. The conducted information and analytical search shows that phenolic compounds, triterpene acids and polysaccharides of jujube fruits are of the greatest scientific interest and applied value for medical use.
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Development of a gel for administration to correct blood levels
Abstract
Relevance. Medicinal plants are traditionally used as components that make up a healthy lifestyle program, prevention and treatment of certain diseases, including diabetes mellitus.
Aim: to develop and justify the composition of the gel for oral administration in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a dosage form convenient for the patient for self-administration.
Material and methods. The object of the study is a standardized dense collection of the collection of the medicinal substance, the presence of rhizomes and high elecampane of high growth (Inula helenium L., rhizomata et radices), lingonberry leaves (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L., folia), rose hips (Rosa spp., fructus) and grass motherwort five-lobed or heart (Leonurus quinquelobatus Gilib. et
L. cardiaca L., herba) in probably 55%, 15%, 15%, 15%, respectively. Research methods meet the requirements of the RF GF.
Results. TAgar was chosen as a gelling agent for the dosage form, potassium sorbate as a preservative, and purified water as a solvent. The flavoring agent is erythritol. A method for determining inulin in a gel for oral administration has been developed.
Conclusion. A technology for obtaining a gel for oral administration has been developed, including the stages of obtaining a gel base and introducing a thick extract into the resulting base. A technique has been developed for the determination of inulin in a gel for oral administration. The quality indicators of the gel with a thick extract for oral administration were established according to the main indicators: appearance, uniformity, pH value, authenticity, quantitative determination of the inulin content.
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Biocollection of pharmaceutical parasitic strains of Claviceps purpurea – base for selection of new lines producing ergoalkaloids in vitro
Abstract
Relevance. Ergot Claviceps purpurea is a very important source of pharmaceutical raw materials (ergoalkaloids).
Aim of the study – for biocollection maintenance two parasitic strains of Claviceps purpurea (Fries) Tulasne were reproduced by in planta cultivation on winter rye: ergotoxin A-6, ergotoxin VKM-F-2450-D.
Material and methods. Spectrophotometric determination of total content of indole alkaloids (with the van Urk reagent) and qualitative-quantitative selective determination of the alkaloid composition by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with densitometric scanning of chromatograms were used.
Results. Maternal sclerotia contained from 0.6 to 1 g of alkaloids per 100 g of sample for VKM-F-2450-D, from 0.5 to 0.7 g per 100 g of sample for A-6. VKM-F-2450-D and A-6 contained from 30% to 40% of the sum of α-ergocryptine and ergocornine and approximately 20% of β-ergocryptine. New generation sclerotia contained from 0.31 to 0.76 g of alkaloids per 100 g of sample for VKM-F-2450-D, from 0.21 to 0.62 g per 100 g of sample for A-6. VKM-F-2450-D and A-6 contained from 40% to 62% and from 21% to 66% of the sum of α-ergocryptine and ergocornine, from 13% to 22% and from 13% to 36% of β-ergocryptine respectively.
Conclusion. Two stable lines (ergotoxin A-6-S, ergotoxin ВKM-F-2450-D-S) with in vitro biosynthesis of ergoalkaloids with purple pigmentations features were detected, isolated and subcultivated by morphological selection in axenic culture. Accumulation and retention of Claviceps genetic resources is very actual: biocollection of parasitic strains is a good reserve for selection of new saprophytic lines.
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Prospects of hepatoprotective effect of sesquiterpene lactone absintin
Abstract
Liver and gallbladder diseases are among the most common in the world today. Liver disorders occupy one of the most important places in the picture of general human pathology, having a fairly high risk of developing adverse complications. Preparations and biologically active additives based on Artemisia absinthium and the components extracted from it have recently become very popular. The group of sesquiterpene lactones is of the greatest interest to researchers. The object of this review article is to analyze domestic and foreign publications showing the pharmacological activity and prospects of using absinthin, which is part of the group of sesquiterpene lactones of A. absinthium, as a hepatoprotector. An analysis of the literature revealed that absinthin has an antitoxic effect, reduces lipid peroxidation in liver tissues and restores the activity of protective antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) to a normal level. The generalization of literature data showing the pharmacological effect of the substance indicates the ability of absinthin to reduce the level of toxic effects of fatty acids and cholesterol on hepatocytes. It was also revealed that absinthin is able to have an antiproliferative effect on human adenocarcinoma cells. The positive effect observed when using absinthin characterizes the prospects of its practical application as a drug or biologically active additive with hepatoprotective and antitumor effect.
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