Vol 28, No 1 (2025)

The article presents the main classification of auxiliary substances used in the composition of medicines according to their functional purpose, a comparative analysis of regulatory documents regulating the quality of auxiliary substances included in the composition of medicines, starting from the stage of pharmaceutical development. Special attention is paid to the list of quality indicators, the inclusion of which in pharmacopoeia articles or specifications is mandatory.

Introduction. The study and rational use of wild plants of the local flora is one of the priority areas in the development of pharmaceutical chemistry aimed at finding new drugs. The work highlights some phytochemical aspects applicable to the carnation avar (Dianthus awaricus Khar.), an endemic species for the Republic of Dagestan, introduced under conditions Tsudakhar experimental base of the Mountain Botanical Garden of the DFRC RAS (1100 m above sea level), for a comparative study of phenolic compounds in plants and expansion of the cultigenic range of the wild and white-flowered carnation species.

The purpose of the study is a preliminary study and assessment of the total content of flavonoids and anthocyanins in various organs of the endemic species of Dagestan flora – Dianthus awaricus Khar., as well as a comparative analysis of the weight of hundreds of seeds and the content of fatty oil in seeds under the conditions of introduction.

Materials and methods. The object of the study is a white-flowered endemic species – Dianthus awaricus Khar. The total content of flavonoids and anthocyanins and fatty oil was determined using standard methods.

Results. The conducted studies using the spectrophotometric method revealed that the highest content of flavonoids is observed in the flowers, leaves and seeds of D. awaricus. The maximum content of flavonoids is observed in the flowers of the sample "Tsudahar" (1.078%), in the leaves (0.980%) and flowers (0.925%) – "Gunib". In terms of anthocyanin content, the leaves, stems and above-ground parts of plants without seeds differ most favorably (0.051–0.077%).

Conclusions. For the first time, phytochemical studies were conducted on the content of phenolic compounds in plants of various natural samples and fatty oil (9.9–10.5%) in D. awaricus seeds under the conditions of the Tsudakhar experimental base. Data on the chemical composition of phenolic compounds in the above-ground part of D. awaricus significantly increases the possibilities for assessing the prospects of this type of raw material.

Introduction. Propranolol, a non-selective beta-blocker, is included in Russian and international treatment protocols for various cardiovascular diseases in children and adults. It has also demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of infantile hemangiomas, migraines, glaucoma and other diseases. The pharmaceutical industry produces propranolol in tablets of 10 and 40 mg. However, for pediatric treatment, dosages of 0.5–2.5 mg/kg/day are required. Extemporaneous pharmaceutical powders for internal use allow for individual dosing.

This study aims were to develop method for the quantitative determination of propranolol by spectrophotometric method in powders containing dextrose or lactose and to carry out validation assessment of this method.

Material and methods. The pharmaceutical substances propranolol hydrochloride was purchased from (Changzhou Yabang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, China), dextrose monohydrate – from (Weifang Shengtai Medicine Co., Ltd, China) and lactose monohydrate – from (DFE Pharma GmbH&Co. KG, Goch, Germany). The optical density of propranolol solutions was measured on a UNICO 2802 spectrophotometer (Russia) at a wavelength of 290 nm in cuvettes with a layer thickness of 10 mm. Weighing of the samples was carried out on an analytical balance ADV-200M (Russia).

Results. The method has been developed for the spectrophotometric quantitative determination of propranolol in powders containing dextrose or lactose. The validation of the method was carried out by the requirements of OFS.1.1.0012 “Validation of analytical methods” of the Russian State Pharmacopoeia of the XV edition, confirmed its specificity, linearity in the range from 12 to 28 µg/mL (r=0,9995 for dextrose powder и r=0,9997 for lactose powder), intermediate (intra-laboratory) precision and accuracy. The results are not burdened by systematic error. The relative standard deviation (RSD) does not exceed 2.0%.

Conclusions. A validation evaluation of a spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of propranolol in powders with dextrose or lactose has been developed and carried out. The proposed method can be used to control the quality of extemporal medicines.

Metabolomics is a new approach in modern biomedical science, the purpose of which is to study unique chemicals specific to the processes occurring in living cells. Due to the continuous development of advanced analytical methods and bioinformatics, metabolomics is widely used as a new, holistic, diagnostic tool in clinical and biomedical research. Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer. Studies have shown that in transformed cells, including the mammary gland, there are profound metabolic changes aimed at survival. The detection of oncometabolites is one of the important problems of modern science today, as it allows understanding the metabolic pathways of the transformed cell, which is important both for diagnosis and the search for new therapeutic targets. In connection with the development of new chemical technologies, it became possible to determine the level of steroids and their metabolites, as well as fatty acids in the tumor. One such method, along with NMR spectrometry and liquid chromatography, in conjunction with mass spectrometry (LC-MS), is gas chromatography with GC-MS mass spectrometry. Enormous progress in the application of these modern analytical methods allows for a deeper and more accurate description of metabolic processes.

This review article discusses some of the current and current hurdles in cancer metabolomics research. In addition, it reviews some of the most recent and exciting developments in metabolomics that may address some of these issues. The purpose of this article is to inform the oncometabolomics research community about the problems and possible solutions to these problems.

Introduction. Microbiological control of preservative solutions and assessment of the state of anatomical preparations are topical issues, the solution of which requires adaptation of methods for quantitative determination of the level of microbial contamination to the special conditions of equilibrium systems containing biological preparations.

The aim of the study is screening, experimental testing and adaptation of microbiological methods for quantitative assessment of the level of microbial contamination for monitoring the microbiological purity of preservative solutions using the Melnikov–Razvedenkov solution as an example.

Material and methods. The object of the study was the Melnikov–Razvedenkov preservative solution modified by the Scientific Research Center for Biomedical Technologies of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. The study used methods for quantitative assessment of the level of microbial contamination on agar nutrient media.

Results. As a result of screening, experimental testing and comparative analysis of methods for quantitative assessment of the level of microbial contamination, the most promising methodological approaches were identified and adapted for microbiological monitoring of modified Melnikov-Razvedenkov solution.

Conclusions. The microbiological study of the modified Melnikov-Razvedenkov preservative solution showed the feasibility of using the membrane vacuum filtration method with membrane filters made of a mixture of cellulose acetate and nitrate with a nominal pore diameter of 0.45 μm. For sterilization of the test solution, the use of a vacuum filtration through membrane filters with a nominal pore diameter of 0.22 μm is promising.