Vol 15, No 1 (2025)

BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS, BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES

New knitted mesh for indirect concrete reinforcement of compressed elements

Ilyin N.A., Panfilov D.A., Vasyuchkin G.R.

Abstract

The article presents a new design solution related to the field of reinforced concrete structures, in particular to reinforcing products of reinforced concrete structures in the form of a flat double-row knitted mesh “zigzag” indirect armament of concrete compressed elements, for example, reinforced concrete columns, pillars and supports of a building or structure. The new design solution is: rational manufacture of knitted reinforcement mesh “zigzag”, improvement of the structural shape of the reinforcement mesh, reduction of the number of wire cuts and welding operations, reduction of steel consumption, reduction of labor costs and cost of reinforcement mesh.

Urban construction and architecture. 2025;15(1):4-10
pages 4-10 views 56

Features of the construction of beams for the installation of bells in the temple

Knyazkina E.V., Guzhova O.A.

Abstract

The paper considers some aspects of the work on the design and installation of load–bearing structures – beams – on which bells are hung in Orthodox churches. The goal of the work has been set and achieved – to update attention to the design features of the load-bearing elements in the belfry. The main issues that need to be addressed during the construction and/or reconstruction of the bell tower of the temple are highlighted: determining the type of load-bearing structure, choosing the method of its device, using vibration damping plates, taking into account the influence of the beam material on performance characteristics, the possibility of using welded structures of load-bearing beams and the choice of fastening structures for hanging bells and the option of covering the beam before suspension bells and recommendations for their solution are given.

Urban construction and architecture. 2025;15(1):11-17
pages 11-17 views 53

HEAT SUPPLY, VENTILATION, AIR CONDITIONING, GAS SUPPLY AND LIGHTING

Heat and mass transfer in a channel with fins based on a triply periodic surface of the Schoen’s IWP type

Eremin A.V., Bragin D.M.

Abstract

The current study examines heat transfer in the channels of a heat exchanger with fins based on triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) of the Schoen’s IWP type. A coupled heat and mass transfer problem is solved using numerical methods implemented in the software package Ansys 2019 R3, specifically in the Fluid Flow (Fluent) module. The results are compared with fins based on the Primitive surface. Dependencies are identified between pressure drop, the outlet temperature of the heat carrier,and the flow rate and geometric characteristics of the fins. The findings demonstrate a 18 % increase in heat transfer efficiency when using the Schoen’s IWP TPMS design in the heat exchanger compared to the Primitive-based fins.

Urban construction and architecture. 2025;15(1):18-26
pages 18-26 views

The use of freons as a working fluid in heat pipes of heat exchangers of ventilation systems

Zelentsov D.V., Glinskaya A.A.

Abstract

Most modern heat pipes operate with ammonia or water as the working fluid. In the last 10-15 years, the choice of refrigerant has been preferentially falling on halogenated hydrocarbons, such as chladones or freons, since ammonia is a hazardous substance. The article presents the results of calculations of the values of liquid mass flow rate and maximum heat transfer capacity of heat pipes using various freons.

Urban construction and architecture. 2025;15(1):27-31
pages 27-31 views

Development of a method for continuous monitoring of the performance of a two-stage filter with the placement of cylindrical filter cassettes of preliminary and fine cleaning in one housing

Khomutov A.O., Usachev A.P., Rulev A.V.

Abstract

The existing gas practice does not have data on continuous monitoring of the performance of a two-stage filter with cylindrical filter cartridges of preliminary and fine cleaning placed in one housing. As a result, the safety of the gas equipment installed behind the pressure regulator is reduced. The calculated expressions for determining the limiting values of pressure losses and productivity of two-stage filters with placement of cylindrical filter cassettes of preliminary and fine cleaning in one housing are obtained. When these limits are reached, the gas supply is automatically switched to the filter located on the backup reduction section. The paper also proposes a scheme for constant monitoring of the limiting values of pressure losses and productivity on two-stage filters with the placement of cylindrical filter cartridges of preliminary and fine cleaning in one housing. The developed scheme automatically turns on the gas supply to the backup filter and informs the dispatching service and maintenance workers wirelessly when the maximum values of pressure losses and productivity are reached.

Urban construction and architecture. 2025;15(1):32-38
pages 32-38 views

ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF CONSTRUCTION AND URBAN ECONOMY

Analysis of the causes of accidents on gas pipelines

Galitskova Y.M.

Abstract

The increase in consumption of natural gas resources is associated with the development of the gas distribution and gas supply system. It is known that the more complex the system, the greater the likelihood of emergencies and emergencies occurring in it, which can lead to environmental damage and injury to the organization’s employees and the population, including fatalities. The article analyzes data from the work of PJSC Gazprom and cases of emergency situations at the enterprise. All causes of accidents are divided into three main groups, for each of which the possibility of reducing the risk of occurrence is analyzed. The presented dynamics of emergency situations at the enterprise demonstrates their reduction, but does not completely exclude them. The article also proposes a number of organizational measures, which, according to the authors, will further continue to reduce the number of emergency situations and increase industrial safety in this industry.

Urban construction and architecture. 2025;15(1):39-44
pages 39-44 views

Analysis of scenarios of possibledevelopment of emergencysituationsathydraulicstructures

Evdokimov S.V., Orlova A.A.

Abstract

The article presents and analyzes possible scenarios for the development of accident-catastrophic events on hydraulic structures under construction and in operation. As it is known at definition of probability of development of catastrophic situation on concrete hydraulic structure it is necessary to make identification of all dangerous factors, both natural, and technogenic character. The complex action of these factors should be considered in the area of location of a given hydraulic structure, both at the stage of its design, construction and operation. This task, to date, is very relevant because of the increasing frequency of accidents and emergencies arising at structures of this kind. The analysis of the assumed scenario of accident-catastrophic development of events on already operated hydraulic structures, will allow to predict on the basis of the ongoing research, first of all, the causes of occurrence, as well as the nature of critical damage to hydraulic structures and the probability of occurrence, as the accident-catastrophic situation and hydrodynamic accident. The article considers three characteristic scenarios of emergency situation development, gives algorithms of accidents according to these scenarios and formulates conclusions on the probability of emergency situation for a particular hydraulic structure.

Urban construction and architecture. 2025;15(1):45-50
pages 45-50 views

Investigation of seasonal dynamics of the morphological composition of municipal solid waste in urbanized territories

Zakirova M.N., Kotorygin N.V., Zakirov D.R.

Abstract

In the present paper the analysis of statistical data on the quantities of generated and disposed or neutralized waste in the Russian Federation is carried out. The factors influencing the increase in the mass of municipal garbage have been identified. The results of the experimental studies of changes in municipal solid waste (MSW) morphological composition formed in urbanized territories of the city of Samara, depending on the season of the year, are presented. The analysis of the dynamics of changes in the morphological composition of MSW for three seasons of the year is given. The factors influencing the change in the mass content of the main fractions in the urbanized territories municipal waste composition in different periods of the year have been established. The practical significance of the performed research is shown for solving such tasks as: the development of environmental education of the population in the field of MSW management; improvement of logistics schemes for waste transportation; adjustment of standards for processing and disposal of various types of waste, and most importantly – optimization of the waste management system in the Russian Federation.

Urban construction and architecture. 2025;15(1):51-57
pages 51-57 views

WATER SUPPLY, SEWERAGE, CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS FOR PROTECTION OF WATER RESOURCES

Application of glass plastic pipes in drainage systems: material properties and review of regulatory requirements

Butovka A.N., Kretov D.A., Morozova S.S.

Abstract

With the growing demand for efficient and reliable water infrastructure, fiberglass pipes, while offering a number of advantages, are highly promising for use in water supply and drainage systems due to their corrosion resistance, low weight, high strength-to-weight ratio and smooth finish inner surface. The purpose of the study was to assess the suitability of fiberglass pipes for use in the field of pipeline transport, including for drainage systems. For this purpose, a comprehensive analysis of their physical and mechanical characteristics and comparison with the requirements of Russian and international regulatory documents (Code of Practice, GOST, GOST R, state standards of the Republic of Kazakhstan ST RK, American standards AWWA, ASTM, etc.) was carried out.

Urban construction and architecture. 2025;15(1):58-68
pages 58-68 views

An alternative way to prevent mineral deposits

Driker B.N., Protazanov A.A., Sitnikov D.A.

Abstract

This study presents the results of testing magnesium nitrilotris(methylenephosphonate) (NTF-Mg) as an innovative inhibitor of mineral scale formation in water systems, aiming to improve water softening efficiency compared to traditional methods. Experiments using a model solution replicating the water composition from the deposits of Rosneft subsidiaries demonstrated that NTF-Mg significantly inhibits scale formation, reducing deposits by 6–80 times at reagent concentrations of 0.5 to 1.75 mg/L. It was found that at a concentration of 1.25 mg/L, the deposit levels remained stable compared to 1.75 mg/L, indicating that the scale formation mechanism is independent of inhibitor concentration within this range. The implementation of this technology offers a cost-effective solution for water supply and treatment by reducing both capital and operational expenses associated with wastewater treatment.

Urban construction and architecture. 2025;15(1):69-74
pages 69-74 views

BUILDING MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS

Features of rheological properties of organic binders in the cooling process

Zhitov R.G., Lushnikov N.A., Lukin A.S., Nebratenko D.Y.

Abstract

In recent decades, there has been an active development of many sections of road materials science. This is mainly due to the changing operating conditions of highways: both natural and climatic, and technical. Additional opportunities are also opening up in connection with the introduction into widespread practice of new devices and devices for evaluating a number of indicators of road binders. At the same time, traditional bitumen testing methods continue to be improved. Thus, the assessment of the indicators of bitumen binders on a ductilometer during quality control of products supplied for storage in solid form in plywood, cardboard or plastic cubes with a capacity of about 1 m3 allowed us to draw interesting conclusions when analyzing the extensibility of traditional road binders extracted from different parts of the cube. It has been established that during the input control of bitumen raw materials, reliable indications that coincide with the passport data of the manufacturer can be obtained only in the case of complete melting and homogenization of the binder extracted from the container. Otherwise, there is a discrepancy between the parameters being checked, which is most noticeable for the ductility indicator at 25 degrees Celsius. An assumption has been made about the physico-chemical causes of the detected phenomenon based on the polymer, rather than colloidal, structure of the resulting road binders.

Urban construction and architecture. 2025;15(1):75-82
pages 75-82 views

The use of small granite slabs as a substitute for fine aggregate in heavy concrete

Frolov E.I., Demidov R.V., Antsev M.A.

Abstract

The influence of the content of granite granite slab (KGP) as a fine aggregate in a concrete mixture with proportions to the standard fine aggregate (Volga river sand) from its absence (control sample) is considered through the values 1:3, 1:1, 3:1 up to 100 %. The values of workability and water-cement ratio were fixed at P2 and V/C = 0.6, respectively. Using these introductory data, a series of concrete samples were produced to assess the effect of the fine aggregate composition on such physical and mechanical parameters as density and compressive strength on the 7th and 28th days of hardening.

Urban construction and architecture. 2025;15(1):83-89
pages 83-89 views

TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION ORGANIZATION

Insulating the facade of buildings in the winter period

Guzhova O.А., Didkovskaya O.V., Khairullin M.F.

Abstract

The article outlines the relevance of the research topic, which is due to the fact that technologies for repairing the facade of buildings are not sufficiently developed in order to use them effectively in the winter period. The authors investigated the possibility of using the technology of “wet facade” in the overhaul of the facade of buildings in the winter period with the use of temporary heat-insulating contour and modifying additives. The sequence of works on the “greenhouse” construction is presented. The advantages of using this technology are listed. In addition, the use of special anti-freeze additives (chemical substances modifying the working mixture) is considered. The proposed measures will allow to increase the volume of works on repairing the facade of buildings while reducing time costs, and will also lead to a reduction in the amount of energy resources consumed by buildings while maintaining the corresponding useful effect from their use.

Urban construction and architecture. 2025;15(1):90-94
pages 90-94 views

THEORY AND HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE, RESTORATION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE

Ideas and proposals of the urban architect A.V. Makhrovskaya (1917‒1997) on the reconstruction of old residential areas and quarters of large cities

Vaytens A.G.

Abstract

This article is devoted to the scientific activities of the outstanding architect-urban planner Alexandra Victorovna Mahrovskaja (1917 – 1997). With her name and the results of her works the scientific proposals of urban reconstruction of the historic parts of Leningrad are connected. From the beginning of the 1960-ies up to the middle of the 1990-ies she was the Chief of the Department of reconstruction of the Leningrad Urban Planning institute, where these proposals under her ruling were worked out. These ideas and proposals were presented in the monography “ Reconstruction of the old dwelling quarters of the large cities” which was published twice (in 1974 and 1986) and in numerous articles. The ideas and proposals of urban reconstruction of the historic central parts of Leningrad, presented by Mahrovskaja, became the basics of the guard of urban heritage of Leningrad and later of Saint Petersburg. They became the parts of the General Plan of Leningrad 1987 – 2005 and the General Plan of Saint Petersburg 2005 – 2025.

Urban construction and architecture. 2025;15(1):95-106
pages 95-106 views

Features of architectural images of historical industrial cities of Central Russia

Snitko A.V.

Abstract

The architectural images of the historical cities of central Russia are associated by the overwhelming majority of the population and the professional architectural community with the spaces of Suzdal, Ples, Rostov, with the centers of Vladimir, Yaroslavl, Kostroma. However, this region of our country is also a concentration of settlements, where textile and other industries developed intensively at the dawn of the industrial era in the second half of the 19th century. Typological and architectural solutions of industrial buildings that came from England soon acquired their own unique flavor on Russian soil, while preserving the specifics of the artistic image. The construction of both industrial and civil complexes (dormitories – workers’ barracks, hospitals) with schools and public houses included in it had a peculiar community of architectural, compositional and architectural and artistic techniques and radically differed from the traditional small-scale urban development of the late XVIII - first half of the XIX century. The newly emerged planning and spatial principles of their urban planning organization in the historical industrial settlements gave even more specificity to the spaces of these areas. The article shows the main differences and features of the architectural and urban planning organization of the traditional and industrial residential development of the settlements of the region and, accordingly, their historical architectural images.

Urban construction and architecture. 2025;15(1):107-115
pages 107-115 views

Landscape urbanism and spatial environment organization: evolution and new realities

Subbotin O.S.

Abstract

The author analyzes the uniqueness of landscape urbanism on the example of Kuban settlements from the point of view of the organization of the spatial environment, which has its own natural or anthropogenic character. The samples of the historical landscape are presented, forming a subjective understanding of the cultural space of a certain period. Attention is focused on an integrated approach in landscape design, covering various classical techniques. The main aspects of visual perception of the modern urban environment in the context of landscape urbanism are outlined. Separate problems related to landscape design in the practical format of long-term development of the spatial urban environment are highlighted. The fundamental architectural and design solutions aimed at environmental sustainability of public spaces in the modern realities of landscape urbanism are revealed.

Urban construction and architecture. 2025;15(1):116-125
pages 116-125 views

ARCHITECTURE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES. CREATIVE CONCEPTS OF ARCHITECTURAL ACTIVITIES

Problems and methods of forming a territorial balance: the concept of a three-dimensional compact city

Generalova E.M., Timerkhanova K.R.

Abstract

The article examines the issues of functional imbalance of the territory of Samara caused by active development of territorial reserves with multi-storey residential complexes. It is clearly shown that the problem is that in recent years housing construction has acquired a predominantly monofunctional character, which raises serious concerns about the impact of such projects on the urban environment, which is experiencing an acute shortage of social infrastructure facilities, which primarily include schools and kindergartens. Foreign examples of successful integration of educational institutions into a highly urbanized environment are considered. The results of the study allowed us to identify key shortcomings of modern residential development practices and propose ways to eliminate them within the concept of forming a three-dimensional compact city.

Urban construction and architecture. 2025;15(1):126-138
pages 126-138 views

Event-based approach to forming the architecture of rapidly constructed social infrastructure facilities

Gelfond A.L., Pirogov D.A.

Abstract

The article examines approaches to the formation of the architecture of rapidly erected social infrastructure facilities depending on the events that determined the need for their appearance. The main focus is on the architecture of emergency situations: military and social crises, natural and man-made disasters, pandemics and epidemics. The article analyzes the theoretical basis, both from the philosophical side of understanding the term “event”, and from the applied - scientific works devoted to rapidly erected architecture. The concepts of an event-based approach in architecture, “event architecture” as a rapid response architecture are introduced. An analysis of temporary structures of various types, as well as the architectural typology of social infrastructure facilities is carried out.

Urban construction and architecture. 2025;15(1):139-153
pages 139-153 views

Of the phenomenon of architectural space

Gorshkova G.F., Gogoleva N.A.

Abstract

Based on the analysis of known images of an architectural person, the historical stages of his interaction with space are shown. The inextricable interconnectedness of human consciousness and movement with the process of formation and formation in the architectural space is explained.

Urban construction and architecture. 2025;15(1):154-160
pages 154-160 views

Cultural identity through the paradigm of museification of architectural heritage

Metlenkov N.F., Shashel G.S.

Abstract

In the conditions of accelerating urbanization, architectural objects become not only a place and material for museum expositions, but also symbols of historical and cultural identity of communities. However, the concept of “museification” acquires a different vector of development in different parts of the world. The paradigm of formation and development is especially noticeable if we consider the regions of Europe, Asia and the CIS. Despite the common essence of the process - the preservation and actualization of cultural heritage, differences are found not only in the use of the term “museification” itself, but also in its functions and purpose. The study demonstrates various approaches to museification, including preservation of the context of cultural identity and involvement of local communities.

Urban construction and architecture. 2025;15(1):161-173
pages 161-173 views

Architectural typology of buildings and complexes of technoparks based on the results of an architectural survey of 110 objects in Russia

Tutyshkin E.Y.

Abstract

This scientific work is a continuation of the research devoted to the architecture of buildings and complexes of technoparks in Russia [1]. Earlier in the article “Features of the architectural organization of buildings and complexes of technoparks based on the results of an architectural survey of 110 objects in Russia”, characteristic architectural features of technoparks were identified. All 110 objects in Russia were classified according to the type of urban planning, spatial solution and the type of basic structure. The analysis of the summary data was performed, conclusions were made and illustrative diagrams and diagrams illustrating them were constructed [1]. It seems important to continue the research and formulate a consolidated typology of buildings and complexes of technoparks in Russia based on the results of the above-mentioned study. The object of the study is the buildings and complexes of technoparks. The subject of the study is the architectural features of buildings and complexes of technoparks. The purpose of the study is to summarize and systematize the data in a previously initiated study, as well as to formulate a consolidated typology of technoparks in Russia. According to the results of the study, the characteristic architectural features of technoparks in Russia are summarized. A consolidated typology of technoparks is formulated, the most visual design solutions are given for each type, and some conclusions are formulated.

Urban construction and architecture. 2025;15(1):174-179
pages 174-179 views

URBAN PLANNING. RURAL SETTLEMENT PLANNING

Architectural and urban exposure of objects of the military history of the battle of Stalingrad

Antyufeev A.V., Molotkova V.A.

Abstract

An analysis of the typology of exposure of objects of the military history of the Battle of Stalingrad, including the vector of development of places of interest in domestic and foreign experience, is presented. Definitions of cultural heritage objects and a division into their types are considered. As a result of the first stage of the study, the principles of architectural and urban planning organization of objects of military history in the structure of the city of Volgograd were established. A concept has been developed for the formation of a single military-historical route along the Volga, which makes it possible to connect the objects of the military history of Stalingrad-Volgograd into a single military-historical route.

Urban construction and architecture. 2025;15(1):180-187
pages 180-187 views

Light-urban design of the space of urban events (using the example of «the bridge of memory» project in the hero-city of Volgograd)

Ptichnikova G.A., Kazakova A.V.

Abstract

In the modern world, cities play a key role in shaping the cultural image of society, and the organization of space for urban events is becoming an important element of this process. Urban lighting design, or urban space lighting design, allows not only to emphasize the historical and cultural significance of the city, but also to create unique and memorable images that can draw attention to important events and dates. The Bridge of Memory project in Volgograd is a prime example of this approach. The relevance of the topic is due to the growing interest in unique and significant urban spaces that can become symbols of important historical events and dates. The design of urban lighting includes not only ensuring safety and comfort for citizens, but also creating an expressive light-color image capable of forming a favorable “psychological atmosphere”. The light-urban approach combines artificial lighting with the urban environment, creating a harmonious and aesthetically attractive space. There are several types of light urban design, such as functional, architectural, decorative, light show, adaptive and environmental lighting.A light show is a performance in the dark using special luminous equipment that draws attention to important events and preserves the memory of them. The Bridge of Memory project, dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the end of the Battle of Stalingrad, became a vivid example of such a show. The combination of various architectural and artistic techniques allows you to create unique lighting scenarios that match the character and atmosphere of a city or event. Light-urban design not only improves the visual perception of the urban environment, but also contributes to the creation of a favorable atmosphere for the life and recreation of citizens.

Urban construction and architecture. 2025;15(1):188-195
pages 188-195 views

An architectural methodology for comprehensive analysis of typical basic education school buildings in Syrian cities

Younis A.

Abstract

This study deals with the development of an architectural methodology for a comprehensive analysis, of existing basic education school buildings affected by the fighting in Syrian cities, as part of the rehabilitation and reconstruction process to modernize and improve the typical solutions of school buildings. The study is based on the normative document MGSN 4.06-03 “General Educational Institutions”, which specifies the mandatory and recommended composition and areas of premises. The study also utilizes the methodological grid developed by the author for functional assessment of existing school buildings in urban areas. This grid allows the evaluation of any typical school design used for construction in the city, as well as the evaluation of existing school building stock designs and recommendations to address identified deficiencies in functional organization. The developed methodology consists of three criteria for determining the degree of compliance of existing buildings with modern norms: functional groups and approximate composition of rooms, functional interaction and floor areas.

Urban construction and architecture. 2025;15(1):196-206
pages 196-206 views