Vol 15, No 1 (2025)

The article presents a new design solution related to the field of reinforced concrete structures, in particular to reinforcing products of reinforced concrete structures in the form of a flat double-row knitted mesh “zigzag” indirect armament of concrete compressed elements, for example, reinforced concrete columns, pillars and supports of a building or structure. The new design solution is: rational manufacture of knitted reinforcement mesh “zigzag”, improvement of the structural shape of the reinforcement mesh, reduction of the number of wire cuts and welding operations, reduction of steel consumption, reduction of labor costs and cost of reinforcement mesh.

The current study examines heat transfer in the channels of a heat exchanger with fins based on triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) of the Schoen’s IWP type. A coupled heat and mass transfer problem is solved using numerical methods implemented in the software package Ansys 2019 R3, specifically in the Fluid Flow (Fluent) module. The results are compared with fins based on the Primitive surface. Dependencies are identified between pressure drop, the outlet temperature of the heat carrier,and the flow rate and geometric characteristics of the fins. The findings demonstrate a 18 % increase in heat transfer efficiency when using the Schoen’s IWP TPMS design in the heat exchanger compared to the Primitive-based fins.

The existing gas practice does not have data on continuous monitoring of the performance of a two-stage filter with cylindrical filter cartridges of preliminary and fine cleaning placed in one housing. As a result, the safety of the gas equipment installed behind the pressure regulator is reduced. The calculated expressions for determining the limiting values of pressure losses and productivity of two-stage filters with placement of cylindrical filter cassettes of preliminary and fine cleaning in one housing are obtained. When these limits are reached, the gas supply is automatically switched to the filter located on the backup reduction section. The paper also proposes a scheme for constant monitoring of the limiting values of pressure losses and productivity on two-stage filters with the placement of cylindrical filter cartridges of preliminary and fine cleaning in one housing. The developed scheme automatically turns on the gas supply to the backup filter and informs the dispatching service and maintenance workers wirelessly when the maximum values of pressure losses and productivity are reached.

The increase in consumption of natural gas resources is associated with the development of the gas distribution and gas supply system. It is known that the more complex the system, the greater the likelihood of emergencies and emergencies occurring in it, which can lead to environmental damage and injury to the organization’s employees and the population, including fatalities. The article analyzes data from the work of PJSC Gazprom and cases of emergency situations at the enterprise. All causes of accidents are divided into three main groups, for each of which the possibility of reducing the risk of occurrence is analyzed. The presented dynamics of emergency situations at the enterprise demonstrates their reduction, but does not completely exclude them. The article also proposes a number of organizational measures, which, according to the authors, will further continue to reduce the number of emergency situations and increase industrial safety in this industry.

In the present paper the analysis of statistical data on the quantities of generated and disposed or neutralized waste in the Russian Federation is carried out. The factors influencing the increase in the mass of municipal garbage have been identified. The results of the experimental studies of changes in municipal solid waste (MSW) morphological composition formed in urbanized territories of the city of Samara, depending on the season of the year, are presented. The analysis of the dynamics of changes in the morphological composition of MSW for three seasons of the year is given. The factors influencing the change in the mass content of the main fractions in the urbanized territories municipal waste composition in different periods of the year have been established. The practical significance of the performed research is shown for solving such tasks as: the development of environmental education of the population in the field of MSW management; improvement of logistics schemes for waste transportation; adjustment of standards for processing and disposal of various types of waste, and most importantly – optimization of the waste management system in the Russian Federation.

With the growing demand for efficient and reliable water infrastructure, fiberglass pipes, while offering a number of advantages, are highly promising for use in water supply and drainage systems due to their corrosion resistance, low weight, high strength-to-weight ratio and smooth finish inner surface. The purpose of the study was to assess the suitability of fiberglass pipes for use in the field of pipeline transport, including for drainage systems. For this purpose, a comprehensive analysis of their physical and mechanical characteristics and comparison with the requirements of Russian and international regulatory documents (Code of Practice, GOST, GOST R, state standards of the Republic of Kazakhstan ST RK, American standards AWWA, ASTM, etc.) was carried out.

In recent decades, there has been an active development of many sections of road materials science. This is mainly due to the changing operating conditions of highways: both natural and climatic, and technical. Additional opportunities are also opening up in connection with the introduction into widespread practice of new devices and devices for evaluating a number of indicators of road binders. At the same time, traditional bitumen testing methods continue to be improved. Thus, the assessment of the indicators of bitumen binders on a ductilometer during quality control of products supplied for storage in solid form in plywood, cardboard or plastic cubes with a capacity of about 1 m³ allowed us to draw interesting conclusions when analyzing the extensibility of traditional road binders extracted from different parts of the cube. It has been established that during the input control of bitumen raw materials, reliable indications that coincide with the passport data of the manufacturer can be obtained only in the case of complete melting and homogenization of the binder extracted from the container. Otherwise, there is a discrepancy between the parameters being checked, which is most noticeable for the ductility indicator at 25 degrees Celsius. An assumption has been made about the physico-chemical causes of the detected phenomenon based on the polymer, rather than colloidal, structure of the resulting road binders.

The article outlines the relevance of the research topic, which is due to the fact that technologies for repairing the facade of buildings are not sufficiently developed in order to use them effectively in the winter period. The authors investigated the possibility of using the technology of “wet facade” in the overhaul of the facade of buildings in the winter period with the use of temporary heat-insulating contour and modifying additives. The sequence of works on the “greenhouse” construction is presented. The advantages of using this technology are listed. In addition, the use of special anti-freeze additives (chemical substances modifying the working mixture) is considered. The proposed measures will allow to increase the volume of works on repairing the facade of buildings while reducing time costs, and will also lead to a reduction in the amount of energy resources consumed by buildings while maintaining the corresponding useful effect from their use.

This article is devoted to the scientific activities of the outstanding architect-urban planner Alexandra Victorovna Mahrovskaja (1917 – 1997). With her name and the results of her works the scientific proposals of urban reconstruction of the historic parts of Leningrad are connected. From the beginning of the 1960-ies up to the middle of the 1990-ies she was the Chief of the Department of reconstruction of the Leningrad Urban Planning institute, where these proposals under her ruling were worked out. These ideas and proposals were presented in the monography “ Reconstruction of the old dwelling quarters of the large cities” which was published twice (in 1974 and 1986) and in numerous articles. The ideas and proposals of urban reconstruction of the historic central parts of Leningrad, presented by Mahrovskaja, became the basics of the guard of urban heritage of Leningrad and later of Saint Petersburg. They became the parts of the General Plan of Leningrad 1987 – 2005 and the General Plan of Saint Petersburg 2005 – 2025.

The author analyzes the uniqueness of landscape urbanism on the example of Kuban settlements from the point of view of the organization of the spatial environment, which has its own natural or anthropogenic character. The samples of the historical landscape are presented, forming a subjective understanding of the cultural space of a certain period. Attention is focused on an integrated approach in landscape design, covering various classical techniques. The main aspects of visual perception of the modern urban environment in the context of landscape urbanism are outlined. Separate problems related to landscape design in the practical format of long-term development of the spatial urban environment are highlighted. The fundamental architectural and design solutions aimed at environmental sustainability of public spaces in the modern realities of landscape urbanism are revealed.

The article examines the issues of functional imbalance of the territory of Samara caused by active development of territorial reserves with multi-storey residential complexes. It is clearly shown that the problem is that in recent years housing construction has acquired a predominantly monofunctional character, which raises serious concerns about the impact of such projects on the urban environment, which is experiencing an acute shortage of social infrastructure facilities, which primarily include schools and kindergartens. Foreign examples of successful integration of educational institutions into a highly urbanized environment are considered. The results of the study allowed us to identify key shortcomings of modern residential development practices and propose ways to eliminate them within the concept of forming a three-dimensional compact city.

Based on the analysis of known images of an architectural person, the historical stages of his interaction with space are shown. The inextricable interconnectedness of human consciousness and movement with the process of formation and formation in the architectural space is explained.

This scientific work is a continuation of the research devoted to the architecture of buildings and complexes of technoparks in Russia [1]. Earlier in the article “Features of the architectural organization of buildings and complexes of technoparks based on the results of an architectural survey of 110 objects in Russia”, characteristic architectural features of technoparks were identified. All 110 objects in Russia were classified according to the type of urban planning, spatial solution and the type of basic structure. The analysis of the summary data was performed, conclusions were made and illustrative diagrams and diagrams illustrating them were constructed [1]. It seems important to continue the research and formulate a consolidated typology of buildings and complexes of technoparks in Russia based on the results of the above-mentioned study. The object of the study is the buildings and complexes of technoparks. The subject of the study is the architectural features of buildings and complexes of technoparks. The purpose of the study is to summarize and systematize the data in a previously initiated study, as well as to formulate a consolidated typology of technoparks in Russia. According to the results of the study, the characteristic architectural features of technoparks in Russia are summarized. A consolidated typology of technoparks is formulated, the most visual design solutions are given for each type, and some conclusions are formulated.

An analysis of the typology of exposure of objects of the military history of the Battle of Stalingrad, including the vector of development of places of interest in domestic and foreign experience, is presented. Definitions of cultural heritage objects and a division into their types are considered. As a result of the first stage of the study, the principles of architectural and urban planning organization of objects of military history in the structure of the city of Volgograd were established. A concept has been developed for the formation of a single military-historical route along the Volga, which makes it possible to connect the objects of the military history of Stalingrad-Volgograd into a single military-historical route.

This study deals with the development of an architectural methodology for a comprehensive analysis, of existing basic education school buildings affected by the fighting in Syrian cities, as part of the rehabilitation and reconstruction process to modernize and improve the typical solutions of school buildings. The study is based on the normative document MGSN 4.06-03 “General Educational Institutions”, which specifies the mandatory and recommended composition and areas of premises. The study also utilizes the methodological grid developed by the author for functional assessment of existing school buildings in urban areas. This grid allows the evaluation of any typical school design used for construction in the city, as well as the evaluation of existing school building stock designs and recommendations to address identified deficiencies in functional organization. The developed methodology consists of three criteria for determining the degree of compliance of existing buildings with modern norms: functional groups and approximate composition of rooms, functional interaction and floor areas.