Vol 13, No 1 (2023)

The article outlines the need to improve the system for the formation of a maneuverable fund. The purpose of the study is formulated – to improve the provisions of the mechanism for the formation of a maneuverable housing stock in Russia based on the use of prefabricated structures. The features of the construction of flexible housing using modular structures are considered. Examples of their use in world practice, theoretical and methodological provisions for the formation of a maneuverable fund are presented. A block diagram has been developed for the formation and provision of an additional volume of the maneuverable fund to the municipality based on the use of prefabricated structures.

It has been shown that manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element for all life on Earth. Excess or deficiency of this nutrient from the norm leads to severe diseases of plants, animals and humans. It has been established that so far there is no single point of view on the permissible content of Mn in drinking water. It varies from 0.05 mg/dm³ in Europe to 0.4 mg/dm³ in Singapore. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the maximum permissible concentration of manganese in drinking water at 0.5 mg/dm³, and the desired concentration is 0.1 mg/dm³. In groundwater, a multiple excess of drinking water standards is typical, especially in the waters of Western Siberia and the northern regions of the European part of the Russian Federation. Thus, in groundwater not associated with Mn deposits, its content can reach 4 mg/dm³, associated with deposits – above 300 mg/dm³. In surface waters manganese concentrations up to 8 mg/dm³ are observed. In river waters, the manganese content usually ranges from 0.001 to 0.160 mg/dm³.

In recent years, the Russian Federation has paid more attention to protecting the environment from the negative impact of various pollutants. The goal of the Closed Loop Economy federal project, for example, was to stimulate the use of recyclable material. The agro-industrial complex produces a huge amount of waste during the processing of crops. One of these wastes is buckwheat husk. There are a number of studies proving the application of buckwheat husks in large quantities as a sorbent for certain wastewater treatment methods. However, the low strength of husk leads to a number of technological difficulties in operation.

The goal of this study is to increase the performance of buckwheat husks through granulation and evaluate the sorption capacity of granulated buckwheat husks when treating urban surface runoff. In this study we used granulated buckwheat husks produced in a method analogous to fuel pellets. Tests were run on real runoff collected from storm sewers in Chelyabinsk. We determined that granulated buckwheat husks effectively remove pollutants from runoff.

In static conditions at a temperature of 10°C to 20°C, aluminum was most effectively sorbed upon contact with the sorbate over 168 hours (94.12%). At 0°C, slightly less aluminum was sorbed (82.35%). Cobalt, chromium, copper, and zinc are completely extracted from runoff after 3 hours of sorption, regardless of temperature changes.In dynamic test conditions, we determined that the buckwheat husk granules totally extract heavy metals (cobalt, chromium, copper) from storm drain runoff. The concentration of aluminum cations was reduced to 68%. Lower concentrations of sodium and silicon cations were also noted.

Presents the analysis of data on Russian settlements water supply pipe line networks as of 2016-2022. All the settlements are divided into seven groups depending on the population size. For each group, the distribution of water supply line depending on the material of the pipes is established. The most widespread pipes are steel and cast-iron pipes, which have been widely used in the last 100 years. Schedules for the commissioning of water supply line from various materials by years have been constructed. Over the past 25 years, plastic pipes have become the most widely used. After 2010, they accounted for 86.5% of newly built water supply line, excluding data for Moscow and St. Petersburg. Information was collected on the timing of commissioning of individual sections of water supply line. The largest number of operating water supply pipe line networks were built in the period from 1980 to 1989. In general, in all settlements, the standard service life was exceeded for 40.8% of networks. The authors believe that there will be a significant increase in the number of plastic pipes in the total length of water supply pipe line networks in the next few years.

The use of averaged norms in the process of performing engineering calculations of gas distribution systems significantly reduces the design time, but does not take into account the influence of climatic operating conditions of linear sections of the aboveground gas network. The paper considers the possibility of using a tabular model of the algorithm for determining the distances between the supports of aboveground gas pipelines of various diameters depending on climatic characteristics on the example of the Samara region. Examples of visualization of the information structure of computational algorithms by means of spreadsheets are given. A block diagram of an algorithm for calculating the values of average spans between aboveground gas pipeline supports for various climatic conditions is proposed. The advantages of using the proposed tabular modeling technique in engineering calculations of gas distribution systems are shown.

Preservation of the architectural appearance of buildings of historical and cultural heritage is a prerequisite for their energy modernization when performing major repairs or reconstruction. In this regard, it is not possible to use facade systems to reduce heat losses by external walls. The use of internal insulation, as construction practice has shown, quite often led to a violation of the humidity regime of enclosing structures and, as a result, to the formation of dark spots and mold fungi on the internal surfaces. To prevent moisture accumulation in enclosing structures, with internal insulation, only thermal insulation materials with a low coefficient of vapor permeability should be used. The article presents the results of a thermal imaging survey of the facades of the Samara Academic Drama Theater building, which indicate increased heat loss in the basement of the building and the exterior walls made of silicate bricks after reconstruction in 1967. In order to meet modern regulatory requirements for the thermal protection of buildings of historical and cultural heritage, it was proposed to additionally insulate the exterior walls from the inside above the zero mark with foam glass, as well as warm plaster – in the basement and basement of the building. Solutions are proposed for the replacement of window structures, entrance doors, coverings and ceilings to increase the energy efficiency of the operated building. When performing the thermophysical calculation of the above-listed enclosing structures, the author’s methodology for estimating the plane of possible condensation was applied, which allows for a higher probability of assessing moisture accumulation in them.

The article examines the technical characteristics of glass fiber reinforced concrete based on experimental research and selection of the optimal composition of fiber reinforced concrete. When selecting the composition, various technologies for introducing fibers, the percentage of fibers introduced, and the characteristics of the sand used were analyzed. The obtained research results allow us to determine the effectiveness of the use of glass fiber reinforced concrete structures in the reconstruction of buildings and structures. In the manufacture of test samples, materials of domestic production were used.

The study highlights the main aspects of the use of new building design methods using information modeling technologies, considers the practical application of information modeling of objects in the foreign and Russian markets, identifies the main problems of using the information model of a future object in Russia, and suggests scenarios for using modern enterprise-based software. The stages of introduction of modern technologies for designing buildings have been developed, which will improve the quality of project documentation, reduce the time for the implementation of the future construction object.

The article is devoted to urban concepts – eco-city, creative city, smart city – which underlie the development of the city in the post-industrial era. The historical prerequisites for the formation of concepts are considered. The origins of each concept, which were formulated by sociologists, economists and urbanists, are analyzed. The principles of ecological urbanism, a creative city and the main characteristics of a smart city are described. A comparative analysis of the principles of each city is carried out, and general provisions are identified that are present in each of the described urban concepts. In conclusion, a description is given of the image of a post-industrial city, which is alternative to an industrial city.

The Circumbaltian Space is presented in the work as the core of the peripheral local civilization of Europe – the Baltic Sea civilization, which has become the natural and social basis for the formation of the modern Baltic region. Regional borders are marked in accordance with current scientific and practical approaches to the delimitation of spaces and habitats: natural science, program-strategic and socio-humanitarian. It is shown that the dominant factor in the formation, development and spread of civilizational and, consequently, region–creating processes in the Baltic Sea has been, since the turn of the VII – VIII centuries and retaining its importance today, the urbanization of Primorye. In order to identify, construct, characterize and formalize the genetic code of the latter, a working definition of «Circumbaltics» is proposed as an «objective reality» or «physical entity», which in physical and geographical terms is a geotory (geospatial form). On the basis of the geotorial concept and the geospatial model of the core of the Baltic Sea civilization – the «centripetal» focus of the region – the methodology is substantiated and the method of its delimitation is developed in the context of solving the problems of historical and urban planning research. It is suggested that the genetic code of the Baltic urbanization, the indicators of which are the patterns and specifics of the spatial organization of the Primorsky urbanized settlement system, can serve as the basis for regional identification and/or reidentification of urban development activities carried out within the boundaries of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation, the European part of Russia as a whole, and thereby contribute to its improvement.

The purpose of the article is to raise the question of the feasibility of creating the historical center of the city of Togliatti in the structure of the Central District on the basis of a new building and transferred from the territory of the flooded Stavropol in the mid-50s. This idea was repeatedly raised at the administrative level and was partly expressed in the projects for the reconstruction of the Central Park, the Museum Quarter and a number of other project proposals. The issue of determining the urban centers of all districts of Togliatti is still being discussed and is debatable, on which there is no consensus. It is proposed to carry out an audit of the preserved historical and architectural heritage, to identify the optimal territory of the historical center with a subsequent design proposal for its improvement. All this leads to the search for conceptual foundations, because the historical heritage of the city with a centuries-old history is almost lost. Architectural methods of preserving the “memory of place” come to the rescue: commemoration, reminiscence, retrospection, reconstruction. Another task of the study is to combine design practices with psychological techniques aimed at maintaining a stable psycho-emotional state of a person.

The paper actualizes the concept of the atrium space of a building in the context of the development of modern highly urbanized multifunctional architecture. A retrospective analysis of the development of typological characteristics of atrium spaces in architectural structures from ancient civilizations to the present day is proposed. The hypothesis of an integral connection of the atrium with the concept of multifunctionality of an architectural object is put forward. The factors influencing the evolution of atrium spaces are proposed. Functional components of atrium spaces of modern multifunctional architecture are considered: organization of entrance zones, provision of microclimate in the building, communication and communicative function.

This article discusses the process of adapting international concepts of sustainable construction in Russia. A review of “green” standards and an ecological approach to design within the framework of the Russian construction industry has been made. A comparative analysis of Russian and foreign software was made using the example of Renga, ModelStudioCS and Revit in the context of solving problems of sustainable design. The initial experimental stage of adaptation of ecological construction in Russia was identified and the relationship between legal documents, regional conditions for the use of “green” solutions in construction and the capabilities of Russian software systems was given. A comparative analysis showed the low readiness of Russian computer-aided design programs to solve specific problems of analyzing the energy efficiency of buildings, lighting, acoustics and construction waste.