Vol 4, No 2 (2004)

The current opinions on mechanisms of age-related increase in malignant tumor incidence in human and animal are reviewed. Aging may increase or decrease the susceptibility of various tissues to initiation of carcinogenesis and usually facilitates promotion and progression of carcinogenesis. Aging may prodispose to cancer by several mechanisms: tissue accumulation of cells in late stages of carcinogenesis; alterations in homeostasis, in particular, alterations in endocrine and immune systems; telomere instability linking aging and increased cancer risk. Some common genetic processes (e. g. telomere dysfunction, changes in p53 and Rb activity and in DNA repair, accumulation of DNA lesions, genomic instability) play a critical role both in carcinogenesis and aging. As it was predicted by multi-stage model of carcinogenesis, the increase in susceptibility to tumor promoters have been observed in elderly humans and animals. In genetically modified mouse model (transgenic, knockout or mutant) characterized by the aging delay the tumorigenesis was usually alleviated in comparison to wild type animals, whereas in the case of models of accelerated aging the acceleration of the tumorigenesis was observed. Strategy for cancer prevention must include not only measures to minimize the exposure to exogenous carcinogenic agents, but also measures to normalize the age-related alterations in internal milieu.

In acute experiments on the mongrel anesthetized cats using the methods of venous resistography it was shown, that antihypotensive (dophamine, phenylephrine) and antihypertensive (nytrii nitroprussid, bendazol) drugs, also noradrenaline and isoproterenol produced accordingly constrictory and dilatatory reactions of venous vessels of calf muscle, small intestine and large subcutaneous vein of hind limb of a cat (vena saphena magna). Constrictory reactions of calf muscle veins, has been provoking by dophamin and noradrenaline more (in 1,5-2 times) exceeded the value of the reactions venous vessels of small intestine. Constrictory reactions of calf muscle veine to phenylefrine insignificantly exceeded analogical reactions of intestinal veines. Dilatatory reactions of calf muscle veines, provoked by natrii nitroprussid and bendazol, exceeded (in 2 times) the values of analogical reactions of intestinal veines. The values of dilatatory reactions of venous vessels of two organs on isoproterenol were compared on quantity. Constrictory (dophamine, phenylephrine) and dilatatory (natrii nitroprussid, bendazol) reactions of subcutaneous veine exceeded analogical reactions of intestinal veines in 2-3 times. The conclusion of the study was that the reactivity of calf muscle veines, especialy subcutaneous veine, on antihypotensive (dofamine, phenylephrine) and antihyperthensive (natrii nitroprussid, bendazol) drugs exceeded the reactivity of intestinal veines significantly.

The aim of the present study was an assessment of 5-HT_1A receptors participation in the behavioral and hormonal responses in the adult intact and ovariectomized (OVX) female rats. For this purposethe influence of chronic administration of 5-HT_1A receptors agonist - 8-OH-DPAT (0,05 mg/kg, s.c.) and 5-HT_1A receptors antagonist - NAN-190 (0,1 mg/kg, i.p.), injected separately or in a combination with 17p-estradiol (0,5 mg on each animal), within 14 days on the behavioral and hormonal status of the adults intact and ovariectomized (OVX) female rats was investigated. The learning was investigated on the model of passive avoidance per­formance, behavior of animals was estimated in the «open field» test and in the elevated plus maze, levels of hormones (FSH, LH, progesterone, estradiol) were determined by immunoenzyme analysis. Thus, the results obtained testify the involving of serotonergic receptors 1A and 1B subtypes in the mechanisms of behavioral processes realization, and also the hormonal control in the OVX female rats.

It is known, that in our country there is epidemic of HIV-infection, and AIDS develops at a late stage of the disease. However, any disease is capable to break a habitual contacts of a man with environmental, and reduces an opportunities of a labour activity, and quite often causes of a reorganization of all personal orientation. We investigated a harmonicity of system of a person’s relations on a technique «An unfinished phrases» in a group of 103 HIV-infection (m: f ~ 1:1, age 18-40 years), at various duration of disease and ways of infection, depending on HAART. By us is shown the following. First, HIV-infection is the disadaptating factor and it breaks integrity of all system of a different relations of the man, that results in increase of a psychological pressure and destruction of his social communications. Secondly, during the first time is sharp experiencing of the fact of disease, a patient can rather adapt for the diagnosis; however, the mental disadaptation again accrues at a significant deterioration of state of a patient’s health accompanying a defeat of his nervous system, but already it is caused by a personal changes and a decrease of criticism (owing to development of a psychoorganic syndrome). Thirdly, despite of existence of interrelation of parameters at various stages and at various duration of disease, by an attentive consideration a distinctions come to light, therefore it is necessary to take into account both these of parameter (i. e., describing both stage and duration of illness) in each patient’s case for optimization of a diagnostic, treatment and rehabilitation process.

At present time the rise of cerebral vascular diseases and mortality as the results of them among the population of Republic Karelia takes place. The expert computer system is used for early revealing diseases before strokes. The leading risk factors of the development of precerebral thrombosis diseases are cerebral arteriosclerosis and arterial hypertension. The study of stages of this pathology is important for differentiative methods approach to preventive measure and treatment of such patients. Timely diagnostics and complex treatment improve the quality of life sick with precerebral thrombosis diseases people.

The objective for present study was to improve electroneuromyographic (ENMG) diagnostics of subclinical diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN), that will allow to treat this complication earlier and, accordingly, to inhibit its progression and to avoid further development of its severe form. Two groups of children with diabetes mellitus (group I with ENMG-detected DPN, group II - without DPN) were compared with healthy children (the control group). It was found that the longer duration of the disease correlated with higher rating of symptoms of DPN. Data on turns/amplitude analysis of interference electromyogram (EMG) in group I correlated with nerve conduction velocity. In group II there was a tendency to decreased amplitude and number of turns of EMG at normal parameters of nerve conduction.

In the winter period, the spirographic examination of 594 children at age 7-18 y. o. born in Arkhangelsk was conducted. Lung volumes, capacity and indices of ventilation have been evaluated. Gas composition of breathed out air has been determined. Lung volumes and indices of ventilation were adjusted to the system BTPS, and the value of O₂ consumption and CO₂ discharge in a minute - to the system STPD. The quantitative evaluation of the received indices was conducted by comparison of their actual values with proper values.

It has been established that in northern children, both absolute and relative values of O₂ consumption are reliably increased in comparison with proper values and with indices of children who live in the middle part of Russia. Low concentration of CO₂ in breathed out air has been revealed, but actual values of CO₂ discharge in a minute were quite high because of concentrated ventilation. At the same time, the economy of one breathing cycle and one cardiac cycle in children living in the North was decreased.

Consequently, the economy of the respiratory system in northern children in the first link of oxygen regimes of organisms (total lung ventilation) is decreased and the intensity is increased.