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Vol 15, No 3 (2015)
- Year: 2015
- Published: 15.09.2015
- Articles: 11
- URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/MAJ/issue/view/579
Articles
ENVIRONMENT-DEPENDENT HUMAN DISEASES: THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OF THEIR DEVELOPMENT AND INHERITANCE
Abstract
The review presents a critical assessment of recent data about links between ecotoxicology and epigenetics. The major epigenetic changes occurring in embryogenesis and gametogenesis are described as they are influenced by ecotoxicants, primarily bisphenol A (BPA), including its effects on development and differentiation as well as on cognition and behavior. Data about the intergenerational transfer of epigenetic and epigenomic disorders induced by different toxicants during spermatogenesis and early embryogenesis are discussed. Outlined are possible directions of further studies of the role and possible mechanisms of the influences of ecotoxicants on epigenetic disturbances, including DNA methylation and histone acetylation, and of the intergenerational transfer of susceptibility to diseases.
Medical academic journal. 2015;15(3):7-23
7-23
ALEXITHYMIA IN THE COURSE OF HIV INFECTION
Abstract
Alexithymia trends assessed using the Russian version of Toronto scale (TAS-20-R) were studied in 70 HIV-infected women (mean age 32±4 years) who were untreated or received ART. No significant differences were found in alexithymia indices between the two groups and controls. However, some indices are comparable with those of the controls belonging to older age groups. Because of a small size of the sample of patients, further studies are warranted.
Medical academic journal. 2015;15(3):24-30
24-30
ASTROCYTE MARKER ENZYMES
Abstract
Studies of the structural and functional characteristic of neuroglia under normal and pathological conditions of the nervous system is an important objective of current neurobiology. A large series of proteins applied as astrocyte markers in research and diagnostics is available. The enzyme markers of astrocytes are of special interest. The present review sums up published data about the use of such markers in immunohistochemistry. It is shown that, in spite of that they are widely used, each of them taken separately is not specific enough for the correct identification of astrocytes.
Medical academic journal. 2015;15(3):31-37
31-37
SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP OF THE NERVOUS STRUCTURES, THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS AND BLOOD VESSELS IN THE RAT PANCREAS
Abstract
In rat pancreas was found three neurovascular plexus: the first - there is on the surface (of the major nerves and blood vessels); the second is made up of small and medium arteries and veins and thin non-fleshy fibers; third - synaptic terminal plexus, which contacts the smooth muscle cells of the vessel walls. Varicose axons (sinapses en passant) were in glial strands. PGP 9.5+, Syn+ and TH+ fibers (postganglionic cholinergic efferent, type C-afferent nociceptive and sympathetic postganglionic catecholamine), were identified in the terminal plexus.
Medical academic journal. 2015;15(3):38-44
38-44
THE MENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF HIV-INFECTED CHILDREN
Abstract
A clinical laboratory and neuropsychological study included 74 HIV-infected children under dispensary follow-up at the Department of Maternity and Childhood of Saint-Petersburg AIDS Center. The mental development of most HIV-infected children was found to be delayed. HIV progression was associated with disturbed kinesthesia and with difficulties in self-control. Pronounced immunosuppression hampers the development of interhemispheric relationships, voluntary visual perception, and visual memorization, and causes difficulties in recollecting of familiar images. High blood HIV RNA is associated with impaired voluntary visual perception in preschool children and with difficulties in memorizing of logical information in schoolchildren. HAART improves children s attention, ameliorates fatigue, and facilitates long-term concentration.
Medical academic journal. 2015;15(3):45-54
45-54
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IS ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE COMPOSITION OF INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA
Abstract
Recent literature raises questions about the role of intestinal microbiota in the regulation of immune functions and in supporting of chronic inflammation upon numerous neurological conditions including multiple sclerosis (MS). On the other hand, almost 70% of MS patients have gastrointestinal problems. Study objective: Analysis of the qualitative and quantitative composition of intestinal microflora in MS patients. Materials and methods: The study group included 21 patients (14 females and 7 males). Intestinal microbiota was studied using bacteriological techniques and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR). Results: All patients were found to have alterations (dysbiosis) in the compositions of intestinal microbial populations manifested as decreases in symbiotic bacteria and the appearance and excessive proliferation of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, there being certain intersex differences between patients: women showed decreased proportions of hormone-dependent lactobacilli and the excessive proliferation of weakly pathogenic atypical Escherichia, Citrobacter and Acinetobacter species, whereas men showed high rates of detection of S. aureus, Klebsiella sp., Proteus sp., and Candida fungi. The role of intestinal dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of MS and the possibility to treat disturbances in bacterial homeostasis with probiotics are discussed.
Medical academic journal. 2015;15(3):55-67
55-67
EVALUATION OF THE RESULTS OF MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION OF HIV INFECTION IN THE NOVGOROD REGION
Abstract
The main parameters of HIV epidemic and their increases in Novgorod Oblast are higher than the respective mean values for the Russian Federation. The prevalent route of HIV transmission is still the parenteral one. However, the increase in the heterosexual dissemination of HIV is alarming because it points at the generalization of the epidemic process. A mathematical model designed for making prognoses about the course of HIV infection is discussed.
Medical academic journal. 2015;15(3):68-74
68-74
THE HISTORY OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE AND OF INSTITUTE EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE REFLECTED IN NUMISMATICS
Medical academic journal. 2015;15(3):75-84
75-84
SOMETHING UNKNOWN ABOUT WELL-KNOWN MONUMENT «PAVLOV’S DOG»
Abstract
Presented based on archives information about the history of creation the famous monument to the dog in the Institute of experimental medicine in St. Petersburg. The publication is timed to the 80th anniversary of the opening of the monument on the eve of the XV International Congress of physiologists in Leningrad in 1935.
Medical academic journal. 2015;15(3):85-100
85-100
CHRONICLE
Medical academic journal. 2015;15(3):90-99
90-99
JUBILEE
Medical academic journal. 2015;15(3):101-101
101-101