Vol 6, No 2 (2006)

Another important milestone was marked by the characterization of the molecular structure of ionic channels that made it clear the tremendous potential of a strategy based on combined neurophysiological and biomolecular techniques for investigating the pathogenesis of human epilepsies. For many years, the ionic currents responsible for membrane excitability have been systematically characterized in intact animals and different animal models of epilepsy, as well as in tissue slices and isolated cell preparations. Neurons and neural circuits undergo extensive structural and functional remodeling in response to seizures. Sprouting of axons in the mossy fiber pathway of the hippocampus is a prominent example of a seizure-induced structural alteration. Several key steps have been identified in the cascade leading from transient hyperactivity episodes to long-lasting, quasi-permanent modification of the neuronal circuit organization (activation of immediate-early genes, activation of growth factor genes within hours, alterations in glutamate receptors, glial hypertrophy, cytoskeletal protein changes, etc). The cascade is activated by the increase in intracellular calcium and leads to axonal growth and neosynapse formation, which in turn participates in the etiology of the syndrome by reducing the threshold for further seizures. Aberrant neuron plasticity is a contributing factor to neurological and developmental disorders. Indeed, aberrant sprouting following neuronal injury may be the cause of epilepsy and may underlie the neuronal changes in other neurological diseases, thus forming a common ground for different pathologies in neurology. Investigation of mechanisms of epilepsy progression, with current theories and perspectives from neuroplasticity in adulthood and development are providing new insights into systematic neurobiological processes that are likely to influence the progressive features of epileptic syndromes and patterns of progression in individual patients

Twelve years ago IL-17 was discovered as a proinflammatory cytokines that are produced by memory cells. The six members of IL-17A-F family possesses by many functions so as supporting of tissue homeostasis, defend organism from pathogenic microbes, participate in regulation of neutrophils quantity in peripheral blood and in CD4₁₇ development.

However cytokines of IL-17 family play roles in pathogenesis of allergic, autoimmune diseases and in transplantats rejections.

Histotopographical and ultrastructural peculiarities of mucosal endocrine cells of the rat colon have been studied after the influence of the strong (3,0±0,2 Tesla) impulse (0. 25 Herz) magnetic field. 4 types of endocrine cells have been detected in the epithelium: EC, D-, D1-, L. The change of quantitative distribution of argentaffin cells after the mentioned influence and motionless status (control of experiment) of the animals (during 10 seances) was shown. It depended on the given area of the organ. The particular quantitative increase of leucocytes in peripheral blood of the animals, and also distinct increase of granulocytes contents in a caecum epithelium was marked. The detected ultrastructural changes of endocrinocytes in experimental conditions are similar to those, which can be met at their excessive functional overload caused by various kinds of experimental and pathological applications.

Amphetamine (1 mg/kg), morphine (1 mg/kg) and ethaminal-natrium (5 mg/kg) activated, but astressin (1 µg/pl), a nonselective antagonist of corticoliberin receptors, administered intraamygdaloidally, depressed selfstimulation reaction of lateral hypothalamus in rats. The blockade of extrahypothalamic (in the central nucleus of amygdala) corticoliberin receptors by means of astressin changed the effects of different narcogens on self-stimulation reaction. On that background, amphetamine did not activate self-stimulation, ethaminal-natrium supported the significant psychoactivative effect, but morphine changed its stimulating effect on depressant one. Leu-enkephalin possessed the stable depresssant effect, strengthening the action of astressin. Perhaps, the strengthening of depressant action of leu-enkephalin on self-stimulation by means of astressin is associated with temporary excluding of activative influence of the central nucleus of amygdala on hypоthalamus.

The purpose of research was the study mechanisms of medical action of low-level infra-red laser therapy (LLLT) at the patients with a chronic salpingo-oophoritis. Clinical, laboratory and tool methods of investigation were used. For the first time has shown the main medical effects and syndrom-pathogenetic action of LLLT on the basic parts of a pathogenesis in patients with chronic salpingo-oophoritis, accompanying by various types ovaries failure also is proved. The efficiency of method in the various circuits of complex treatment of disease is appreciated. The parameters of LLLT technique and indication to its application in various phases of a chronic inflammation of appendages of a uterus are scientifically proved. Analysis principles of pregnancy probability in patients with chronic salpingo-oophoritis complicated with infertility are offered.

This work deals with the thoughts on the nature and origin of diseases of masticatory muscles and temple-lower-jaw joints. The author inclines to opinion of their psychosomatic origin. In connection with this point of view the methods of investigations were added by the psychosomatic approach (Eysenk, Spilberger-Hanin, Lichko, Vassermann): so the methods of direct and indirect psychotherapy (behaviour therapy and placebo), the same as psychopharmacotherapy were included in complex rehabilitation.

As behaviour therapy method the computer videoautotraining with biological adaptive reverse connection (BRC) was used. 315 patients (93 men and 222 women) in age of 16–70 (mean age 34,9±1,3 years old) were investigated. For the first time dysfunction computer artrophonography of joint dicking was used as the method of their objctivisation. The complex therapy of this patients was carried out: psychological correction (suggestion, placebo-therapy, computer videoautotraining), pharmacotherapy (psychotrop, myorelaxative, analgetic drugs preparations), physiotherapy (electrophoresis, phonotherapy, vibroacustic massage), use orthopaedic apparatuses. Complete recovery or significant improvement of health took place in 92% patients, insufficient effect -8% of investigative patients.

The aim was to reveal the endothelial dysfunction in bronchial asthma (BA) on the basis of allergologic continuum in patients with preclinical and clinical stages of BA and in patients with BA having clinical presentations of atherosclerosis (IHD, hypertension). 32 practically healthy men, 232 patients with BA (133 patients with allergic (ABA) and 79 patients with nonallergic asthma (NABA), 20 patients with BA receiving glucocorticosteroids per os were examined. Besides 17 patients with preclinical stage of BA (allergic rhinitis) and 18 patients with IHD and hypertension were examined. Circulating desquamated endothelium was determined by J. Hladoveč method (1978). The levels of circulating endothelium were increased in ABA and NABA as well in contrast to patients with BA receiving glucocorticosteroids. Analogous phenomenon of increased level of endotheliemia was revealed in patients with preclinical stage of BA. Increased level of desquamated endothelium was revealed in IHD, hypertension in contrast to healthy men. The level of desquamated endothelium in BA with accompanying diseases such as IHD, hypertension exceeds the similar value for BA without these accompanying diseases. It was concluded that the endothelium dysfunction may be such pathogenetic axis that combines into one continuum various stages of BA development right up to the development of atherosclerosis.

The article presents major results of the two stages of sociological monitoring focusing on public health and health care system in Novgorodskaya oblast in 2003-2005. The authors carry out sociological analysis of the collected data that contributes to update conceptual apparatus and techniques of the study of public health, research approaches to social empirical data collection and the evaluation of primary indicators of the study, reveal the trends of the social-medical situation in the region. Sociological monitoring is viewed to be a valuable addition to medical statistics and a basis for elaborating managerial decisions in the regional health care system.

Researches of dynamics of electroencephalogram and cardiac rhythm of a person who is being in a state of passive wakefulness in conditions of sensory deprivation are carried out In laboratory conditions. The dis­tinctions in dynamics of alpha-rhythm of «fallen asleep» and «not fallen asleep» probationers-volunteers are certain. «Fallen asleep» probationers in process of decrease in level of wakefulness had a polymodal alpha-rhythm and at «not fallen asleep» it remained monomodal. Considerable decrease of cardiac rhythm vari­ability is revealed at some probationers at approach of sleep. The transition from wakefulness to sleep, described by set of electrophysiological parameters, has heterochronous and multiphase character (nature).