Vol 14, No 3 (2016)

Background. The population structure of relict and protected species Cepaea vindobonensis Fer. (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata) in a north-eastern part of the modern area has been studied. State population gene pools (11 populations) for environmental activities need to be assessed. 

Materials and Methods. Using allozymes (esterases) and DNA markers (RAPD, ISSR) analysis was performed. The methods polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the DNA in the agarose gel were used. 

Results. The populations with a low level of heterozygosity and high heterozygosity were identified. Group located in the east, did not differ in allelic diversity of the western groups. The average expected heterozygosity for allozyme He = 0,217 ± 0,080 and DNA markers He = 0,164 ± 0,024. However, the population of the Austrian snail in the study area is strongly separated from each other (Fst = 0,231, Gst = 0,265, Фst = 0,261-0,263, Nm = 0,630-0,832). The effective population size (Ne), calculated on the basis of the inbreeding coefficient, was level 0,868 ± 0,028 of the total population. The effective population size, calculated on the basis of the linear regression equation between genetic and geographic distance (Ne = 0,36-2,6) and calculated by a factor of subdivision of populations (Ne = 6,3 ± 0,1), in comparison with the effective size of the populations of common species of terrestrial mollusks was the same. 

Conclusion. Thus, on the basis of these data, in general, we can say, the Austrian population snails have a higher potential for life. However, the reduction of allelic diversity, the increase in the coefficient of inbreeding in some groups and a high level of isolation of populations of C. vindobonensis in the north-eastern part of the range is a concern and requires an adjustment in respect of environmental protection measures of this species.

Frequencies of disk sequences in polytene chromosomes from sialadens of larvae of three chironomids spesies are analysed. Cases of a deflection of population frame from expected under Hardy-Vajnberg law are statistically confirmed. Allo-cation of frequencies of individuals with different level of heterozygosity in popu-lation of Camptochironomus tentans is investigated. Influence of driving and stabi-lising selection on population is shown. The mean of an assessment of influence of different disk sequences on fitness on the basis of single assemblies is offered. Sta-bility of nonequilibrium of the investigated populations as a homeostasis sign is noted.

Background. The peculiarities of transcription activity of genes taking part in Colorado potato beetle diapause regulation have been investigated under the laboratory conditions in winter diapause initiation phase and in the middle of winter. 

Materials and Methods. Excerpt of summer generation (2015 year.) adults divided in active and inactive individuals in groups treated or untreated by fipronil in sublethal concentration (0.0001% a.i.) in the diapause initiation and maintenance phases. Quantitative real-time PCR used for comparing evaluation of transcription activity in muscles and gonads tissues for genes DP1, fer, DAT1, DAT2, EcR, Ldace-1 and rdl. 
Results. In gonads of active adults unlike the quiescent ones detected presence of rdl subunit of GABA-А receptor mRNA. In the middle of diapause maintenance phase in fipronil-treated adults revealed the increasing of mRNA content in muscles and gonads for genes of reserve proteins DP1, defensive proteins DAT1, DAT2, ferritin fer, gene of ecdysone receptor EcR and gene coding the acetylcholinesterase Ldace-1. 

Conclusion. The assumption advanced about the fipronil blocking the GABA-receptor binding thereby has significant impact to regulation processes accompanying the development of diapause states.