Vol 68, No 6 (2019)

Introduction. Patent studies are the most important analysis tool to solve technical and legal problems that are directly related to the development of new products containing scientific and technological achievements. In modern conditions, these are precisely the patent studies that are of great importance in ensuring the competitive ability of output products [1]. Objective: to study the current state of developments in designing topical wound healing, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory drugs based on plant substances and to assess the relevance and scientific novelty of a designed wound healing agent, such as medical pencils with eucalimin. Material and methods. This patent study was conducted using the database of the Patent Office of the Russian Federation via the Internet (www.fips.ru). Results. A total of 100 patents for medicines having antimicrobial, wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities were selected. The patents for the drugs were ranked according to their pharmacological action and proposed formulations. The dosage form of medicinal pencils was not identified. Conclusion. The design of medical pencils with eucalimin, which have wound healing, antimicrobial, and antiviral effects, is a promising area in pharmaceutical technology.

Introduction. Tannins are widespread in the plant world. Their quantitative determination in medicinal plant raw materials requires the use of titrimetric and spectrophotometric assays, each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. More in-depth information on tannins contained in the raw material is needed to completely describe the metabolome of yellow iris (Iris pseudacorus) rhizomes. Objective: to determine certain groups of tannins in the rhizomes of yellow iris growing in the Moscow Region. Material and methods. The investigation object was the dried rhizomes of wild yellow iris, which had been harvested in autumn in the Shatursky District, Moscow Region. The content of tannins in the raw materials was determined titrimetrically (permanganatometrically) and spectrophotometrically on a tannin basis and after precipitation with a collagen solution on a gallic acid basis. Results. The yellow iris rhizome content of tannins, namely the total amount of tannins precipitated with a 1% solution of collagen and phenolic compound, was found after extraction of condensed tannins. The specific absorbance was calculated for the aqueous solutions of standard samples of tannin and gallic acid used in the work at experimental wavelengths. Conclusion. Extended information was obtained on the content of tannins in the rhizomes of yellow iris growing in the Moscow Region.

Introduction. Chinese magnolia vine (Schizandra chinensis) preparations belong to a group of the most popular phytoadaptogens. Chinese magnolia vine fruits and seeds are used in officinal medicine. The shoots and leaves of the plant are being investigated to expand its raw materials base. The pharmacological effect of Chinese magnolia vine is due to the minerals contained in the plant raw materials. Objective: to investigate the elemental composition of the leaves and fruits of Chinese magnolia vine growing in the Voronezh Region. Material and methods. The investigation objects were the leaves and fruits of Chinese magnolia vine grown in the Voronezh Region, as well as the soil from the place of its growth. The elemental composition of Chinese magnolia vine leaves and fruits was determined by inductively coupled plasma-chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Results. The leaves and fruits of Chinese magnolia vine growing in the Voronezh Region were shown to have a similar mineral composition. It was represented by 62 elements, including 10 and 41, which belonged to gross and trace elements, respectively; 11 elements were defined as heavy metals. There was an uneven distribution of elements between the plant organs. The investigators calculated biological absorption coefficients for minerals in the Chinese magnolia vine leaves and fruits; and their variability was shown. Conclusion. The elemental composition of Chinese magnolia vine leaves and fruits stored in the Voronezh Region has been established. The studied objects are promising sources of essential and conditionally essential gross and trace elements.

Introduction. In recent years, there has been evidence that local post-injection tissue damage may be caused by injectable solutions themselves, since they are produced without monitoring for their local physicochemical aggressiveness for patient's tissues, particularly without controlling their local irritant effect. The current standards for injections do not include monitoring for changes in tissues at the sites of injection of drug solutions and in blood viscosity within the veins and intravascular catheters. Objective: to reveal the dependence of the local irritant effect of injectable solutions on their temperature, osmotic and acidic (alkaline) activities. Material and methods. Changes in the symptoms of tissue inflammation through the routes of drug administration were evaluated in 20 wakeful Landrace piglets. The test substances were injected into the conjunctival cavity and subcutaneously into the anterior abdominal wall. The osmotic activity of the solutions was determined by the cryoscopic method using an Osmomat-030 RS osmometer. The degree of ocular inflammation in the piglet was assessed according to changes in the symptoms of conjunctivitis. Skin inflammation at the injection site was assessed by changes in local hyperthermia, hyperemia, and swelling of drug-induced infiltration; the duration and completeness of its resorption and the appearance of post-injection necrosis were also analyzed. Local temperature changes were examined by infrared radiation using a Thermal Tracerth91xx imager. Venous blood, extremity veins, and their inserted intravascular catheters were studied in 200 patients. Blood viscosity was scrutinized using a Brookfield DV-II viscometer; blood coagulation was examined by the Lee-White method; vein lumen size and walls were assessed using a Logiq Book XP ultrasound apparatus. The skin, subcutaneous fat, and saphenous veins at the injection sites were additionally investigated by thermal infrared imaging; information was subsequently processed according to thermal explorer and image processor programs. The results were statistically processed using the Biostat program according to the generally accepted methods. Results. The physicochemical and local inflammatory activities of 40 quality solutions for injection were determined before and after their dilution with water. Subcutaneous injections of drug solutions at a more than 10% concentration of active ingredients gave rise to subcutaneous fat infiltrates that failed to resolve, but became inflamed, increasing in sizes and causing necrosis. Immediate chipping of the subcutaneous infiltrates with 5% sodium citrate or 5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt solution prevented necrosis of the skin and subcutaneous fat. Zones of hyperthermia were found to emerge in the veins at the location of the pointed tips of vascular catheters. The temperature of the injected solutions affects that of the venous wall. The simultaneous administration of 4% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution with drugs prevented the formation of a focus of local hyperthermia. Conclusion. It has been experimentally shown that the physicochemical activity of injectable solutions may underlie their local action on subcutaneous fat and blood during subcutaneous and intravenous injections. Dilution of injectable drug solutions with water to the total concentration of ingredients being less than 2% eliminates the physicochemical aggressiveness of drugs and ensures their safety during their local application. The acidifying and heating effect of drugs can cause blood clots and occlusion of the lumen of veins and catheters.