Vol 71, No 6 (2022)

Introduction. This review deals with the purification of extracts from ballast compounds at the stages of sample preparation in the analysis for steroid saponins and sapogenins. The focus is on solid-phase extraction methods of plant extracts for concentrating steroid saponins and sapogenins and removing ballast compounds from extracts for subsequent accurate chemical analysis. In addition, this review aims to develop the methodological thinking of researchers in selecting a method for solid-phase extraction of steroidal saponins and their genins. Objective: To give a scientometric evaluation of the authors' publication activity on the use of the Phenomenex solid-phase extraction system at the sample preparation stage in the analysis of plant extracts for steroid saponins and sapogenins. Material and methods. A review-analytical study of the Web of Science multidisciplinary abstract-bibliographic database, articles published in 1988-2021, was carried out. Results. Actually, 7 methods of solid-phase extraction of steroidal saponins and steroidal sapogenins were listed in the databases "Web of Science core collection", "KCI-Korean journal database", "Medline", "SciELO citation index"; one of the methods contains information only on the elution reagent at the final stage. A unified concept and scientific rationale for the use of a particular reagent is not evident in the above methods. Conclusion. We have conducted a scientometric analysis of the authors' publication activity on the use of solid-phase extraction of plant extracts in phytochemical studies of steroid saponins and steroid sapogenins in the databases "Web of Science core collection", "KCI-Korean journal database", "Medline", "SciELO citation index" over the entire period of indexing. Only seven articles in various journals have either full or partial description of the technique with the name of the column, type of sorbent, conditions of conditioning, equilibration, washing, introduction of the analyzed solution, and elution of substances.

Introduction. In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa. Treatment of inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa is the most difficult direction in modern dentistry, including due to the insufficient assortment of appropriate medicines and especially due to the small choice of dosage forms, rational and comfortable. In modern domestic medicine, soft dosage forms with anti-inflammatory effect and penetrating action are now of justified interest, however, a complex of auxiliary substances is important for activating their action, which is expressed, contributes to ensuring the effectiveness and safety of treatment. Objective: to develop the composition and technology of a dental gel with tizol and L-arginine in the treatment of inflammation of the oral mucosa, its biopharmaceutical and rheological studies. Material and methods. Tizol is an aquacomplex of titanium glycerosolvate, a metal complex compound with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial action. L-arginine is an essential amino acid - a nitrogen donor. Inhibits the risk of pathogens and the formation of bacterial biofilms in the oral cavity. Auxiliary substances: methylcellulose, glycerin, PEG 1500, PEG 400, vaseline, lanolin, lecithin, carbopol 940. The studies were carried out using dialysis through a cellophane membrane, L-arginine was determined spectrophotometrically by reaction with ninhydrin, rheological parameters were determined on a Brookfield RVDV II+Pro rotary viscometer. Results. As a result of the conducted studies, it was shown that the optimal gel-forming agent for the tizol - L-arginine complex is PEG 1500 and PEG 400; rheological parameters determined the viscosity values for tizol from 16,000 Pa/s to 11.68 Pa/s; pharmacological studies in animals showed a decrease in the area of granulation tissue and an increase in the area of connective tissue against the background of applications with the developed gel compared to the control. Conclusion. For the first time, a dental gel based on tizol with L-arginine has been developed.

Introduction. The modern pharmaceutical market is in dire need of qualified specialists in the field of scientific, marketing research, production, control and supervision, state registration, wholesale and retail sales of medicines. Pharmaceutical practice is an applied activity that requires students to have scientific and practical experience and a higher level of involvement in working with real cases and situations. To achieve the intended professional outcomes, the university must provide a direct link between the competencies and the learning strategies offered in the curriculum. To ensure that graduates improve their critical thinking and more active participation in the educational process, teachers implementing pharmaceutical programs must carefully choose their teaching and assessment methods. Objective: the formation and description of a model for assessing the competencies of students of medical universities on the example of the specialty "Pharmacy". Material and methods: sources of scientific literature on the development and application of educational technologies, methods for assessing the competencies of students in medical education; methodological materials for the educational program "Pharmacy". To achieve this goal, analytical research methods were used: management (analysis, planning) and systematization (generalization, identification, classification). Results. Based on the results of the study, a model for assessing students in relation to the training of pharmaceutical specialists has been developed, which answers five questions: why, what, how, who and when should evaluate students' competencies. Conclusion. Today, the educational competencies of pharmaceutical specialists are dynamic and their renewal is a continuous process. In this regard, educational organizations need to respond in a timely manner to the challenges of the pharmaceutical labor market in terms of the correspondence of the formed knowledge, skills and abilities to its requirements, as well as change approaches to assessing the competencies of students. As a result, this helps to ensure the achievement of the desired learning outcomes and increase the personal effectiveness of graduates in their professional activities.

Clinical and economic approaches to the choice of appropriate pharmacotherapy based on the principles of evidence-based medicine are presented by a comprehensive cost analysis of various treatment technologies, including pharmacotherapy of pain. Such approaches make it possible to achieve the efficient allocation of resources in the industry by applying the most clinically effective and economically reasonable treatment technologies. One of these methods is the cost - effectiveness analysis (CEA). The purpose of the study - evaluation and comparison of the costs of a healthcare facility for postoperative analgesia with the same drug, but in different pharmaceutical forms and presentations (tablets with a fixed dose combination with paracetamol and ampoules). Material and methods. The compared drugs were evaluated using the CEA indicator. The previous studies conducted by the authors in 3 general clinical centers (Novokuznetsk and Sochi) showed the absence of statistically significant differences in analgesic effect between a fixed combination of Paracetamol + Tramadol film-coated tablets, 325 mg + 37.5 mg, and the injectable drug Tramadol alone, 50 mg/ml injection solution in 135 patients of surgical and traumatology specialties in the early postoperative period with pain syndrome at the age of over 18 years. In both groups, effective anesthesia was observed in 100% of cases. The assessment of the costs of analgesic therapy by the considered drugs consisted in calculating the cost of direct hard, direct soft and indirect costs. Results and discussion. The cost calculation showed significant differences in the cost of analgesic therapy with a fixed combination of paracetamol and tramadol and an injectable form of tramadol in surgical and traumatology patients (p<0.0001). The obtained CEA values showed that the cost of 1% of the effectiveness of anesthesia when using a fixed combination of paracetamol and tramadol in the solid dosage form is 5.29 rubles, and it is 15.96 rubles when using the injectable form of tramadol. Conclusions. Thus, the results of the conducted pharmacoeconomic analysis of the efficiency and effectiveness of using the same non-narcotic opiate, but in different types of dosage forms (tablets and ampoules) support the tablet form in a fixed combination with paracetamol, and also leads to a noticeable (triple) reduction in the financial costs of the healthcare facility. The presence and use of a tablet form - a fixed combination of Paracetamol + Tramadol coated tablets, 325 mg + 37.5 mg (manufactured by Organica, JSC, Novokuznetsk), clearly demonstrate the modern capabilities of the pharmaceutical industry in the field of pain relief.

Introduction. The relevance of the problem of neurotic disorders with an asthenia syndrome (neurasthenia) is confirmed by numerous studies of social and age-different manifestations of this phenomenon. Since the neurasthenic syndrome is often accompanied by mnestic disorders, there is a need for the combined use of sedative and nootropic drugs, which makes the need to develop drugs that combine sedative and nootropic actions relevant. Objective: to study the sedative activity of the complex pharmaceutical substance of plant origin (CPSPO) based on ginkgo biloba, hawthorn, valerian, melissa, motherwort tinctures. Material and methods. The study of the sedative activity of the CPSPO was carried out in the «Open field» test, based on the ability of sedatives to reduce motor activity. Results. The data obtained indicate the presence in the CPSPO, albeit weak, but a significant sedative activity. Conclusion. The studied CPSPO based on Ginkgo Biloba, Hawthorn, Valerian, Melissa, Motherwort has a significant sedative activity, but inferior to the reference drug.