Vol 72, No 2 (2023)

Introduction. Dihydroquercetin (Taxifolin) was produced on an industrial scale as a pharmaceutical substance from Siberian or Dahurian larch.

Study objective. To study literature data reflecting the results of investigation of antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating effects of dihydroquercetin (taxifolin), to evaluate the possibility of application of this drug in complex treatment and prevention of COVID-19 complications.

Material and methods. Scientific review and analysis of 26 publications of scientists from the Russian Federation, China, European Union, Iran, India, United States, Italy, United Kingdom, Switzerland, France, Ukraine, Norway, Saudi Arabia, Greece, which reflected the results of study of antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory effects of dihydroquercetin (taxifolin), including in COVID-19 patients, were performed in the work.

Results. In the publications, the authors acknowledged that dihydroquercetin (taxifolin) had high antioxidant activity. They presented evidence for the use of quercetin to treat patients with COVID-19 as an additional promising pharmacological agent and identified its immunomodulatory effects. An article by scientists from Italy provided evidence that the substance could inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2. A publication by scientists in Saudi Arabia and India found the therapeutic and preventive effects of quercetin in patients with COVID-19. In addition, the use of this drug in patients with postcovid syndrome has been discussed in the literature. Some of the publications noted the possibility of using this drug in the treatment of inflammation, infections and oxidative stress. Researchers have identified antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of the drug, including in men and women with COVID-19.

Conclusion. Dihydroquercetin (Taxifolin) had antiviral, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory effects and apparently could be promising for possible use in the complex treatment and prevention, including in patients with COVID-19.

Introduction. Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip) in a number of countries is considered an admixture to chamomile flowers or a weed plant. However, in folk medicine, T. inodorum is used as an antispasmodic, emollient, anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent. An analysis of literary sources showed that only certain groups of biologically active substances (BAS) have been studied in the flowers of T. inodorum by different authors; the grass has not been previously studied. Due to the insufficient knowledge of the chemical composition of the raw material of T. inodorum and the traditions of its use in folk medicine, the study of ALS of the herb and flowers of the T. inodorum is an urgent task.

Objective: identification and quantitation of the component composition of biologically active compounds of flowers and herbs Tripleurospermum inodorum.

Material and methods. The object of the study was air-dry flowers and herb of the (Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip.), harvested before flowering – during the beginning of budding (May-early June), harvested in 2020-2023 in the Moscow region. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the main BAS was carried out: flavonoids, polysaccharides, reducing sugars, tannins, organic acids, mono- and disaccharides. The elemental composition of the raw material of trihedral is presented. An original method was proposed for the analysis of flavonoids.

Results and discussions. It was found that flavonoids are the dominant group of BAS in T. inodorum, and the herb significantly exceeds flowers in this indicator (7.46±0.04 and 4.39±0.02%, respectively).

The second dominant group of BAS in T. inodorum are tannins, the content of which in flowers is more than 4%. In terms of the content of polysaccharides, organic acids, as well as sucrose, glucose and fructose, the flowers of the T. inodorum are superior to the herb. Herb and flowers of the T. inodorum are rich in micro and macro elements, such as potassium, calcium, sodium, phosphorus.

Conclusion. These studies can serve in the future for the development of draft regulatory documentation for the herb and flowers of the T. inodorum.

Introduction. One of the promising directions in the development of anticancer therapy is the creation of controlled release delivery systems. Modern anticancer drugs, despite their targeted action, have an insufficiently high affinity for the tumor, in addition, most of them are administered orally, and therefore have low bioavailability, so research in the field of creating targeted drugs with controlled release is relevant and promising.

Objective: to develop the composition and technology for obtaining the liposomal form of gefitinib.

Material and methods. Liposomes were obtained by the Bengham method with a modification for hydrophobic substances. The analysis of the obtained liposomes was carried out using spectrophotometry, laser scattering spectroscopy, a method for determining the electrophoretic mobility of particles, and viscometry.

Results. On the basis of lipid components and active substance in various molar ratios, compositions were made and experimental models of liposomal dispersion were obtained. The formulations were evaluated for efficiency of incorporation of gefitinib into vesicles and size. As a result of the analysis of 6 studied formulations, the optimal mass ratios of the components of the dosage form were determined – gefitinib/phosphatidylcholine 1:187.5 and phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol/pegylated phoosphatidylcholine 83.33/6.67/1. The use of this composition makes it possible to obtain uniform sized liposomes with a diameter of about 190 nm. To increase the stability and increase the shelf life, lyophilization was carried out, and sucrose was introduced into the model as a cryoprotectant.

Conclusion. Based on the results of a number of technological and chemical-pharmaceutical studies, the model composition of the liposomal dosage form of the targeted compound gefitinib was selected.

Introduction. The second decade of the 21^st century is filled with significant pharmaceutical science and manufacturing events, since it is in this period, a new concept began to be implemented, linking all the stages pharmaceutical development into a single continuous chain, from theoretical calculations, pharmacological tests, design composition of dosage forms up to the stage of implementation of innovative medicines. In parallel, society has faced new challenges, such as a pandemic, climate change and environmental pollution, which have a significant impact on people's health. These circumstances affected the domestic pharmaceutical industry and required an urgent and large-scale expansion of the range of dosage forms, including import substitution. This also applies to the rational use of natural resources, especially medicinal plants, the raw material base and the range of which is very voluminous. Intranasal dosage forms today make up a significant percentage of innovative dosage forms, although it is not yet possible to draw conclusions about their comprehensive study. First of all, this applies to phytocompositions for intranasal administration. This direction certainly needs detailed and versatile study.

Objective: technological research intranasal dosage forms, including the development of technology, as well as their standardization by one indicator.

Material and methods. When creating intranasal dosage forms on Based on the phytocomposition, as well as their standardization, various research methods were used: technological, biopharmaceutical, physical, physicochemical. Results. Quality standards for intranasal dosage forms have been developed. Methods for determining the active substances in intranasal gel and drops, the amount of flavonoids in terms of the major component are proposed.

Conclusion. Conducted studies prove the feasibility development of technology for dosage forms and assessment of their quality by the amount of flavonoids.

Introduction. Pharmaceutical assistance to the population in modern conditions is a difficult task, which is due, first of all, to the widest range of modern pharmacies. In the case of dispensing prescription drugs, the pharmacist in consultation should be able, without going beyond his competence, to give full information about the drug, facilitating its safe and correct administration. A number of studies confirm the need to provide pharmaceutical workers with ready-made counseling algorithms for various visitor requests in order to improve the quality of counseling and reduce the time spent on counseling.

Objective: to explore the possibilities of pharmaceutical workers in providing advice to buyers; to develop and implement in the activities of pharmacies a standard operating procedure "Algorithm for consulting a buyer who applied with a prescription for a drug by a pharmaceutical worker in a pharmacy"; to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of the standard operating procedure in terms of optimizing the consultation process in pharmacies.

Material and methods. Conducted a content analysis of scientific sources and regulatory documentation on pharmaceutical consulting; a standard operating procedure was developed, the effectiveness of which was confirmed by the method of questioning intermediate and final consumers.

Results. The results of a survey of buyers and pharmaceutical workers were discussed, which made it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of a standard operating procedure in terms of optimizing the consulting process in pharmacies.

Conclusion. The developed standard operating procedure helps to increase the effectiveness of advisory assistance when dispensing prescription drugs within the framework of existing competencies, which increases both patient adherence to the prescribed therapy and the number of customers loyal to the pharmacy.

Introduction. Liver diseases continue to be one of the most common in the clinic of internal diseases. The problem of alcoholic fatty liver disease, and especially due to the current pandemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity – non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, has become one of the leading world problems of modern medicine in recent years. In the treatment of these diseases, as well as in almost all other liver diseases, one of the leading places belongs to hepatoprotectors.

Objective: was to study the hepatoprotective activity of pharmaceutical substance of plant origin (PSPO) in the form of a dry extract based on the fruits of milk thistle, columns with stigmas of corn and peppermint leaves.

Material and methods. The study of the hepatoprotective activity of preparation was carried out on a model of toxic (tetrachloromethane) hepatitis.

Results. The data obtained indicate the presence in the test preparation of significant hepatoprotective activity comparable to the reference preparation.

Conclusion. The studied PSPO in the form of a dry extract based on milk thistle fruits, columns with stigmas of corn, peppermint leaves has a significant hepatoprotective activity that is not inferior to the reference preparation.