Problems of Biological Medical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry

Relevance. Development of new methods and improvement of existing methods of identification and quality control new and pharmacopoeia plant raw material involve detection of major or marker component. End-to-end standardization of plant raw material and drugs from these plant material can be carried out on this component. Aim. Development of qualitative control analysis of Vaccinium uliginosum leaves by marker component - chlorogenic acid - using thin-layer chromatography. Material and methods. Qualitative control analysis of V. uliginosum leaves was carried out with water-alcohol extract (ethanol 70%) from air-dried leaves. We have selected the best conditions for separating the marker component - chlorogenic acid - from other compounds: mobile phase, detection, application, type of chromatographic plate. Results. Determination of the main group of biologically active compounds in the V. uliginosum leaves by thin-layer chromatography can be carried out under the following conditions:sorbent - silica gel, polymer or aluminum plates, eluent - anhydrous formic acid-glacial acetic acid-water-ethylacetate (7.5:7.5:18:67), detector - ammonia and aluminum chloride alcohol solution 2%, injection volume 7.5 pl of water-ethanol extract, 5 pl of chlorogenic acid standard solution, time of saturation of the chamber with eluent vapors - 30 min, elution time - 55-60 min, storing time in the dish drying cabinet after treat with a aluminum chloride alcohol solution2% 3 min. Conclusions. We have developed qualitative control method of plant raw material - Vaccinium uliginosum leaves-by marker component chlorogenic acid using thin-layer chromatography.

Relevance. Currently, the problem of creating implantation materials based on biodegradable polymers of natural origin with specified properties continues to be relevant. Mm. To evaluate the antimicrobial properties of bone matrix samples impregnated with sanguiritrin solution after sterilization with an ozone-oxygen mixture. Material and methods. Cylindrical samples of cortical bone and bone matrix impregnated with sanguiritrin substance, a medicinal product of plant origin, were used in the work. The samples were sterilized with an ozone-oxygen mixture with an ozone concentration of 8 mg/l. Antimicrobial activity was tested using bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli; strains of micromycetes: Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium herbarum. Results. The study found that there was no significant effect of ozone-oxygen sterilization with an ozone concentration of 8 mg/l and a duration of 15 minutes in the flow mode on the antibacterial and antimycotic properties of the studied bone samples impregnated with a solution of antimicrobial and antifungal medicinal product of plant origin - sanguiritrin. Sanguiritrin alkaloids released after sterilization from demineralized and disorganized bone matrix do not lose their antimicrobial and antimycotic properties against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as micromycetes. Conclusion. The approach proposed in the study can be used to further improve and develop new implantation drugs with specified antimicrobial properties and methods of their sterilization.

Relevance. Oxidative stress is an integral part of the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). At the same time, hyperproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species prevails over the capabilities of the antioxidant system. Xanthine oxidoreduc-tase (XOR) is an important source of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and nitric oxide. The enzyme exhibits its activity in interconvertible forms: xanthine oxidase (XO; EC 1.17.3.2) and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDG; EC 1.17.1.4). Objective - analysis of XDH and XO activities profiles in blood depending on the activity of SLE. Material and methods. 56 SLE (diagnosis of SLE was verified using the EULAR/ACR criteria (2019)) patients and 35 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Patients with SLE were divided into 3 subgroups, according to the degree of process activity (classification based on clinical manifestations and the SLEDAI 2K index were used). Enzymes activities levels were measured in plasma (KOpl, XDGpl), lysed WBC (KOl, XDGl), and lysed RBC (KOer, XDGer). Results. The enzyme indices of SLE patients significantly differed from the control values both in blood plasma and in cell lysates. Re lationships between the activity levels of the D-form, as well as the O-form of XOR and the SLEDAI 2K index were revealed. The increase in the levels of XOpl, XDGer and a decrease in the levels of XDGpl, XOl, XDGl, XOer were determined on the background of an increase in disease activity. The levels of XO and XDG in plasma and cell lysates differed significantly between subgroups of patients with different SLE activity. Conclusion. The significant changes in the XOR enzyme system, which depend on the activity of immune inflammation, were revealed in SLE. Changes in the balance of O- and D-forms XOR levels in plasma, lysed WBC and lysed RBC determine the blood profiles characteristic of different activity degrees in SLE.

Relevance. Ipomoea batatas (L.) is a valuable agricultural crop, in the tubers of which inulin accumulates, a natural polysaccharide that has no synthetic analogues. Market analysis shows that, as a rule, in the production of functional food products, Russian manufacturers use imported inulin. Currently, globalization, the information revolution, as well as the sanctions policy have exacerbated significant problems of the world economy, which increases the relevance of import substitution of a number of goods and products. It is known that cold stress is one of the main environmental factors limiting agricultural production. Low positive temperatures have a negative impact on the growth, development, productivity and yield of I. batatas (L.) plants. It is possible to create such plants using cell biotechnology methods, in particular, in vitro cell selection, which is carried out on a callus culture. Purpose of the study. To study the effect of the hormonal composition of the nutrient medium and endogenous polyphenols on the formation of the callus tissue of sweet potatoes (I. batatas (L.)) in vitro. Material and methods. The object of the study were three varieties of I. batatas (L.) (Purple, Jewel, Porto Rico). Callus tissue was obtained from segments of leaf blades and stem internodes, which were isolated from aseptic sweet potato plants. Explants were cultured on MS nutrient medium containing BAP 0.5 mg/l and 1 mg/l NAA/IAA/2,4-D. The localization of phenolic compounds was studied in leaves, stems, and apical buds of microclones. In addition, localization was studied in the callus tissue obtained on different auxins. Histochemical methods were used for this. For the amount of phenolic compounds, the material was stained with 0.08% Fast Blue reagent raster. To study the localization of flavans (catechins and proanthocyanidins), a reaction with a vanillin reagent in hydrochloric acid vapors was used. Results. It was found that the auxins used had a significant effect on the intensity of callus tissue formation, its consistency and color. A well-proliferating callus tissue of light yellow color was obtained on a medium with NAA, a dense, green rhizogenic callus tissue was formed on a medium with IAA, and a dark brown tissue was formed on a medium with 2,4-D, which died during cultivation. As a rule, callus tissue was formed in those places where the formation and localization of phenolic compounds was insignificant. Conclusion. It was found that in callus cultures initiated from leaf plates and grown on a nutrient medium with NAA, the content of cells with phenolic compounds was less than that of callus obtained from leaf plates as well, but on a medium with 2,4-D.