Vol 22, No 12 (2019)

Eye pathologies are serious diseases of modern man. Conjunctivitis make up about 35% of all eye diseases, they are the main clinical forms of eye infection - 66.7% of the total number of patients with inflammatory eye diseases. Conjunctivitis is an inflammatory disease of the conjunctiva, a thin transparent tissue that lines the inner surface of the eyelid and the visible part of the sclera, which has an infectious or other etiology. Infectious conjunctivitis is classified according to the course of the disease (acute or chronic) and etiological factor. By etiology are divided into the following types - bacterial, viral, chlamydial and fungal. The typical symptoms for bacterial conjunctivitis are copious discharge from the eyes; when dried, it gives a crust on the eyelashes and eyes. One of the problems arising from the use of various antimicrobial agents (biocides, antibiotics) is the ability of microorganisms consisting of representatives of one species or the association of microorganisms to form biofilms. Drugs that can prevent the development of biofilms or disrupt the structure are now of great interest all over the world. Recently, a number of guanidine-based polymeric preparations have become widely spread, the merits of which include a wide range of antimicrobial activity, both with respect to bacteria, yeast, viruses, and with respect to vegetative cells and fungal spores. One of the promising oligomeric guanidine derivatives is a branched oligohexamethylene guanidine hydrosuccinate. In conclusion, we can say that cationic polymers have a number of advantages compared with the traditionally used antimicrobial substances. Proven high efficacy against a number of pathogenic microorganisms, especially against yeast fungi of the genus Candida and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and low toxicity makes it possible to use oligohexamethienguanidine hydrosuccinate as substances of pharmaceutical use, including for creating effective drugs for the treatment and prevention of infectious conjunctivitis.

The data of phase equilibria of the condensed system «Ketoprofen - Phenylbutazone » are represented according to the results of measurements by the method of the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in the heating mode. It is established that the eutectic system reters to the eutectic systems with restricted (partial) mutual solubility in the solid state. Congruent equilibrium for this system is implemented at a ratio of 60:40% mol. (55,3:44,7% of mass.) of Ketoprofen and Phenylbutazone respectively. Melting point of the eutectic structure is 68 °C. Data shows the phase diagram of a system melting state. Preclinical tests of antiinflammatory activity were carried out on model of acute exudative inflammation (carrageenan edema of rats paw) on white outbred rats in comparative option with the use of: substances of Phenylbutazone, substance of Ketoprofen, mix of Phenylbutazone and Ketoprofen in the ratio 1:1 mol. and the eutectic system «Ketoprofen - Phenylbutazone». The results of experiments showed that the anti-exudative and antiinflammatory activity of the eutectic structure is twice higher than activities of individual components and their mix 1:1 mol. in comparable doses.

The aim of the study was to prove experimentally the possibility of separating betaine hydrochloride (acidin) from post-alcohol corn bard and to study its analytical parameters. The object of the bard corn grain distillery alcohol production enterprise «Suvorov». The technology of betaine hydrochloride separation consists in: separation of bard into liquid and solid phases, removal of carbohydrates from the liquid phase (in the form of calcium saccharate), its neutralization with ammonium oxalate, concentration, treatment with concentrated hydrochloric acid, activated carbon, crystallization of betaine hydrochloride. The target product is purified with 96% alcohol, concentrated hydrochloric acid, recrystallization. To solve analytical problems, a substance used as a standard sample of acidin was isolated from the tablets «Acidin-pepsin» (Republic of Belarus). The test and standard samples of betaine hydrochloride were compared according to analytical parameters: physical and chemical (description, solubility in water and alcohol, pH of 1% aqueous solutions), authenticity (reaction of thermal decomposition of N-methylated α-aminoacids, complexation with copper (II) ions, deposition with silver ions), quantitative content (alkalimetric titration in the presence of phenolphthalein). As a result of the study, betaine hydrochloride (acidin) was isolated from the liquid phase of post - alcohol corn bard with a technological yield to the liquid phase - 0.8% (crude) and 0.4% (purified), which is 2-4 times more than molasses bard (traditional raw material). In addition to the target product (betaine hydrochloride), purified glutamic acid (0.1% to the liquid phase), calcium saccharate (3.0% to the liquid phase), a mixture of humins and potassium chlorides, sodium (0.4% to the liquid phase) are additionally isolated from the liquid phase of bards. According to physical and chemical parameters, the test and standard samples of betaine hydrochloride are identical: white crystalline powders, easily soluble in water and alcohol, pH, respectively, 1.05 and 0.93. Both samples gave positive results for the reaction of authenticity: the characteristic smell of trimethylamine in the thermolysis reaction, blue crystalline precipitates in the com-plexation reaction, white curd precipitates in the deposition reaction. The quantitative content of betaine hydrochloride in terms of dry matter in the test sample was 99.2%, in the standard sample - 99.9%. The possibility of obtaining betaine hydrochloride from domestic secondary raw materials with a large technological output, its identity with the standard sample create the prospect of import substitution of drugs based on betaine.

The component composition of the essential oil of the fruits of Carum carvi L., collected from the natural populations of Dagestan in 2015 during their full maturation, was studied for the first time. The investigated essential oil obtained from the fruit by the method of hydrodistillation on the device clevenger within 3 hours. The resulting oil had a light yellow color, the output was from 1.35 to 4.88%, depending on the place of growth of raw materials. Chromato-mass spectral analysis of the component composition of volatile substances of essential oils revealed 12 characteristic compounds for this type. Each of the chromatographic peaks is identified by a retention index and MS data. The main components of the essential oil of seeds of all the population are carvon (47.55-52.59%) and limonene (43.67-48.02%), making up about 90% of the sum of all components. These compounds have a wide pharmaceutical effect. It should be noted that some valuable components, such as carvacrol, were not found in the essential oils of the fruits of the Daghe-stani samples of C. carvi, but compounds were found that are not characterized by the samples of essential oils given in the literature. Cluster analysis by the component attribute of C. carvi fruit essential oils showed a strong scatter of cumin seed populations between samples according to geography.