卷 27, 编号 11 (2024)

The objective of the present study was to assess the patterns of selenium, zinc, and magnesium metabolism in patients with inflammatory arthropathies (rheumatoid arthritis, gout, psoriatic arthritis) and polyarthritis through assessment of elemental levels in blood serum and hair.

Material and methods. During a study, patients with polyarthritis (n = 128) and inflammatory arthropathies including rheumatoid arthritis (n = 100), psoriatic arthritis (n = 32), gout (n = 135), as well as 110 healthy subjects representing the control group were examined. Assessment of selenium, zinc, and magnesium levels was performed using high-sensitive method of mass spectrometry with inductively-coupled plasma.

Results. The obtained data demonstrate that the level of Se in serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, and polyarthritis was %, 11%, 5%, and 9% lower compared to healthy controls. Serum Zn concentrations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and polyarthritis were also lower than in the control group by 7%, 17%, and 7%, respectively. Hair analysis revealed a significant 20% decrease in selenium levels in polyarthritis patients compared to controls. Magnesium content in hair of patients with psoriatic arthritis and gout was 41% and 46% lower when compared to healthy examinees, respectively. At the same time, hair Zn levels in examinees suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, and polyarthritis was 7%, 13%, 15%, and 12% lower than in the control group.

Conclusion. Therefore, the results of the study demonstrate a significant decline in systemic levels of selenium, zinc, and magnesium, all possessing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, in patients with polyarthritis and inflammatory arthropathies, thus indicative of their potential involvement in pathogenesis of the studied diseases.

Introduction. The most popular education in Russian higher education institutions is enjoyed by immigrants from Central Asian countries, including Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. They account for more than half of all foreign citizens studying in Russian universities. Changed environmental conditions lead to the development of stressful situations, decreased learning ability and, in the future, the possible development of a number of diseases closely associated with the presence of various elementoses. In this regard, in addition to the socio-cultural adaptation of students, it is very important to pay attention to the study of the elemental status of students in the process of their further adaptation to the changed living conditions.

The purpose of the study – comparative analysis of iron, copper, cobalt content in hair, blood serum and urine of students from Central Asian countries, the Middle East and Central Russian regions during the adaptation period to study.

Material and methods. In the period from September 1, 2022 to January 1, 2023, a study of the elemental composition of hair was conducted using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in 180 first-year students of RUDN University, who previously lived in the countries of Central Asia (170 people), the Middle East (60 people) and in the regions of Central Russia (120 people) aged 18–26 years. The average age of the subjects was 22.7 ± 4 years. Gender differences in the comparison groups were not taken into account. Differences in samples were determined using the Mann–Whitney test for independent samples (significance level p < 0.05).

Results. The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the content of iron, copper, chromium in the hair, urine and blood serum of students who arrived from the countries of the Middle East, Central Asia and the regions of Central Russia during the adaptation period to study in 2023. Features of the elemental profiles of students were established.

Conclusions. It is shown that the hair of the subjects reflects the territorial climatic and geographical features of the region of residence of the examined persons. Despite statistically significant differences in the content of iron, copper, chromium in the examined students of different regions, their elemental profile did not affect the objective medical indicators (heart rate, saturation level, hemoglobin index).

Introduction. Total extracts taken from generative shoots of genus Pulmonaria plants have antianemic activity. At the same time, extracts obtained from vegetative leaves of these plants do not have similar action. Nowadays, there is no algorithm for determining authenticity and quality of herb raw material with using biogenic elements. Creating such algorithm for diagnosing raw materials by microelement composition is an urgent task.

Materials and methods. The research objects were generative shoots and vegetative leaves of such plants as: P. officinalis L., P. obscura Dum. and P. mollis Wulf. ex Horn. and mixtures of both types of raw materials. Quantitative determination of elements was carried out by mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. Analyzing obtained results was made using the method of hierarchical clustering.

Results. It was established the division into clusters considering all trace elements confirm the species-specificity of the trace element status plants. At the same time raw materials with impurities form clusters different from the cluster formed by hematopoietic complex trace elements contained in the generative shoots of the studied plants. The discovered regularity allows us to consider the cluster, which included the generative shoots as a reference cluster. This reference cluster makes it possible to form an algorithm for checking the raw materials, and its quality

Conclusions. As a result of the work, the possibility of using the trace element composition of plants for the standardizing herb raw materials was established. In addition, the algorithm has been proposed that allows using the content of hematopoietic complex trace elements to determine the authenticity and quality of the herb raw material "Pulmonaria herba".

Introduction. Poultry farming, as the most knowledge-intensive and sustainably functioning branch of animal husbandry, makes a significant contribution to ensuring the country's food security. Considering the importance of the use of promising trace element preparations for modern poultry farming, studies have been undertaken to assess the effects of ultrafine particles of trace element metals on the poultry body. Trace elements are usually used in very small amounts in animal nutrition, but problems such as lower bioavailability, antagonism and a higher rate of excretion from the body limit their effectiveness. Recent studies have also demonstrated the modulation of intestinal health by nanoparticles by increasing the number of beneficial microbes (Lactobacillus and Faecalibacterium) and the production of short-chain fattyacids.

The aim of the studywas to evaluate the effect of ultrafineparticles of copperandirononmicrobiocenosis of the blindintestine of broiler chickens.

Material and methods. During the experiment to assess the effect of ultrafine particles of copper and iron on growth and development, blood parameters, mineral metabolism and microbiocenosis of the blind intestine in the body of broiler chickens on a balanced diet, 105 week-old broiler chickens were selected, which were divided into 3 groups by the method of pairs of analogues (n=35). During the experiment, all the birds were in the same feeding and maintenance conditions. The duration of the main accounting period was 28 days. The poultry of the control group received an experienced diet (ED), I experimental – ED together with UP of iron at a dosage of 17 mg / kg, II experimental – ED together with UP of copper at a dosage of 1.7 mg / kg of feed.

Results. The dosage of iron and copper were chosen taking into account the previously established positive effect. The additional introduction of UP copper into the diet had a growth-stimulating effect throughout the experimental study. At the end of the studies, the maximum increase in live weight was noted in the II experimental group – by 5.12%, in the I group – by 2.64%. Hematological blood parameters of broiler chickens demonstrated a change in the hemostasis system after administration of UP iron and copper. The evaluation of the data obtained indicates the variability of morphological and biochemical parameters within the physiological norm, with a tendency to decrease against the background of the introduction of ultrafine Fe and Cu particles. In the experimental group that received the UP iron preparation with food, Firmicutes (63.42%) dominated among the representatives of phylum, Bacteroidetes (17.34%) and Proteobacteria (7.43%) were also present. Ruminococcaceae (23.03%) and Lachnospiraceae (13.05%) prevailed among the families. Representatives of phylum Firmicutes (67.36%), Bacteroidetes (19.48%) and Proteobacteria (5.23%) were present in the cecum of broiler chickens treated with UP copper at a dosage of 1.7 mg/kg of feed. Among the families, the most numerous were such taxa as Ruminococcaceae (21.58%), Lachnospiraceae (18.67%) and Sphingobacteriaceae (13.10%).

Conclusion. The results of our study demonstrate the need to study the bacterial diversity in the intestines of broiler chickens in order to study the effect of various feed additives on the metabolism and condition of the gastrointestinal tract of poultry.

Introduction. Coordination of the processes of scar digestion and metabolism in ruminants is a prerequisite for achieving high efficiency in the use of feed nutrients, improving product quality and profitability of production.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the inclusion of the exogenous lipase enzyme in the diet of bullocks in feedlots has a positive effect on physiology, fermentation in the rumen, digestibility and the profile of fatty acids in the rumen.

Material and methods. In the experiment, 8 animals were used, divided into 2 groups. the bulls of the control group received the basic diet (RR), the experimental group also received RR with the inclusion of the lipase enzyme at a dosage of 25 g / head / day. The level of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the contents of the scar was determined by gas chromatography on a gas chromatograph "Crystallux-4000M", determination of nitrogen forms according to GOST 26180-84. The elemental composition of biosubstrates was studied using atomic emission and mass spectrometry (NPP-ISP and MS-ISP) in the IC of the Central Research Center of the FNC BST RAS.

Results. The study of the ratio of LVH in the scar fluid showed that in the experimental group of animals the content of acetic acids decreased by 18.35%, propionic acid – 15.29%, butyric acid – 34.28%, valerian acid – 11.11%, while caproic acid was not found in the experimental group. Nitrogen metabolism in the body showed that the level of total nitrogen in the scar fluid increased by 64.71%, non–protein 53.66%, protein 66.22%, ammonia 78.57% (p <0.05), respectively. Analysis of the biomass of bacteria and protozoa showed that during the experiment, these indicators were higher in the experimental group of animals by 17.07% and 22.22%, respectively, compared with the control. The trace element composition of the scar fluid revealed differences in the mechanism of action of the lipase enzyme on the metabolism of chemicals. There was an increase in the concentration of chemical elements in the experimental group of bulls Ca – by 11.51%, P –17.72%, K – 20.34% (p≤0.05), Fe – 21.31%, Zn – 10.14%, Cu – 23.53%, Se – 39.13%. Against the background of a decrease in Ni – 11.44%, Ba – 14.67%, B – 9.00%, I – 33.33%, Al – 15.71 and Sr – 15.85% (p<0.05).

Conclusion. Thus, the study of microbial communities of the LJ rumen, primarily of cattle, is very relevant due to the possibility of rapid diagnosis and prevention of many pathologies of the digestive system associated with improper feeding, which, as a rule, is accompanied by the development of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms.

Introduction. Analysis of mineral content of food and cultural medicinal plants is necessary in the quality assessment. Quantity and essential trace elements may do complexes with biological active substances in the plants and effect at the food nutritional value and pharmacological effects. Vaccinium myrtillus and Caucasian endemic V. arctostaphylos are rich food products and source of anthocyanin for pharmacy and medicine.

Aim – the comparative investigation of mineral content of Vaccinium arctostaphylos and V. myrtillus fruits.

Material and methods. We investigated mineral content (36 elements) in the air-dried fruits of Vaccinium arctostaphylos and V. myrtillus and in the ash obtained by the method of State Pharmacopoeia of Russian Federation XV edition. Then we used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after acid mineralization.

Results. There are 21 and 22 elements in the Vaccinium arctostaphylos and V. myrtillus fruits respectively: 5 – major elements, 5 – trace elements and 12 – metals. There are 24 elements in the ash of both species: 5 – major elements, 5 – trace elements, 14 – metals. Potassium, phosphorus, calcium, manganese, barium and rubidium are the main elements in the fruits and ash.

Conclusions. Vaccinium arctostaphylos and V. myrtillus fruits have similar mineral profile, the main components are potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron. The accumulation of rubidium and barium is a feature of the fruits of two types of blueberries.