Vol 12, No 2 (2015)

The review of 108 home and foreign publications revealed that the priority areas of exoskeleton application is military industry and rehabilitation medicine. The bulk of created exoskeletons cannot be widely used for rehabilitation of patients with limited functions of the upper and lower limbs due to their large mass, dependency on the external power source as well as their high cost. We have concluded that a passive exoskeleton is the most applicable for rehabilitation; the major groups needing exoskeletons are the patients suffering from paresis of upper and lower extremities.

A prospective cohort study included 216 patients with postcholecystectomy syndrome who underwent endoscopic correction of biliary hypertension. The use of thoracic epidural analgesia as anaesthesia during endoscopic transpapillary intervention significantly reduced the risk of acute pancreatitis (Pearson, p = 0,0012). The best preventive effect was observed in patients with a combination of thoracic epidural analgesia and stenting of the main pancreatic duct (5Fr stent): 27 (in 100 % of cases) patients had no signs of acute pancreatitis. The results of the study showed that the use of endoscopic transpapillary interventions in combination with thoracic epidural analgesia is effective and safe, regardless of the cause of the disease.

A total of 480 patients diagnosed with generalized purulent peritonitis were enrolled in the study, of which 160 patients underwent elective relaparotomy The patients were stratified into those having a high or low risk of developing intra-abdominal purulent complications. Relaparotomy was indicated if the risk of developing intra-abdominal complications was high. Based on the severity stratification scores, the patients were divided into 3 groups of those having low (0-8 score), high (9-15 score) and extremely high (16-18 score) risk of developing intra-abdominal purulent complications. The use of severity stratification score resulted in a 25,5 % reduction in mortality in patients who had elective relaparotomy compared with 38,7 % of deaths in patients who underwent emergency relaparotomy.

The regional register of congenital heart disease (CHD) was introduced in the territory of the Volgograd region for the first time. This register will help to assess the prevalence and structure of CHD, to optimize the medical care of patients with CHD, to assess their life quality as well as to justify budget funding for the provision of high-tech medical care to patients with this pathology.

The work presents the results of a comparative study of regenerative treatment of post-traumatic osteoarthritis of knee joints using a gomeosineartrical treatment option and physical therapy as an alternative treatment for the same nosological entity contrasted to the conventional complex of treatment of patients with different stages of deforming knee osteoarthritis. Thus, the combined use of gomeosineartrical and physical therapy results in a significant improvement in clinical, instrumental and functional parameters in patients. Graduated, moderate exercise can significantly reduce pain and increase the range of motion in joints. In addition, it is nearly the only method of treatment that does not incur significant financial costs to treat complications and side-effects of NSAIDs. If the patient is actively involved in the treatment these special exercises can be used for a long time.

The article presents the results concerning correlation dependence between fibrocytes and mast cells. We found a correlation between infected cells with a predominance of high dependence and a correlation between non-infected cells with a predominance of weak or medium dependence.

To assess the effectiveness of additional physical exercise in high school students of a boarding school we used the method of applanation tonometry. We analayzed arterial stiffness (Aix, augmentation index, and AP. pressure augmentation). The children with «white-coat» hypertension, arterial hypertension and masked arterial hypertension were engaged in the study. Our findings demonstrated that the indicators of arterial stiffness significantly decreased after physical activity sessions in adolescents with arterial hypertension.

A cross-sectional retrospective pharmacoepidemiological study (251 medical records of patients with diabetes mellitus type II with skin and soft tissues infections) revealed that the predominant nosological form was a skin ulcer (27,4 %); its typical causative agent was St. aureus (25 %), with 100 % resistance to cephalosporins of the III generation and 100 % sensitivity to meropenem, linezolid and gentamycin.

The retrospective pharmacoepidemiological study of 280 medical records (patients with urinary tract infections and diabetes mellitus type 2) revealed that the predominant infection was chronic pyelonephritis (82,4 %); most typical microbial agents were E. coli (40 %), Kl. pneumoniae (20 %), Ent. faecalis (18 %) with marked levels of resistance to cephalosporines, aminopenicillines, fluorchinolones; the effective antibiotics were amoxicilline/clavulanate, vancomycine, 2 nd and 3 rd generation fluorchinolones.

The study revealed the peculiarities of the biomarker caspase-3 expression in HIV-infected persons with various types of intravital addictions. The combination of HIV/TB co-infection with drug dependence was found to result in an increase in the relative area of immunoreactive material both in relation to mono TB infection and co-infection when the intravital addictions were not mentioned in the medical history. The combination of HIV/TB co-infection with chronic alcohol dependence less pronounced expression of caspase-3 in lungs was observed as compared to persons in whom HIV/TB was coupled with heroin addiction when the use of mentally active substances was not mentioned, although the expression of the biomarker was significantly higher in the productive inflammation lesions as compared to the group of mono TB infection.

A comparative study of health status and menstrual function in female adolescents attending secondary schools in areas with different degree of anthropogenic impact was performed.

A comparative, prospective, open, randomized, parallel group study was conducted. 60 patients with acute toxic hepatitis, which developed due to poisoning with alcohol substitutes were recruited. The effectiveness of treatment was assessed considering the dynamics of the Lille index, Maddrey's discriminant function, MELD index, immune status, duration of hospital treatment. We revealed that this pathology is characterized by intermittent clinical course with intense pruritus, pronounced intrahepatic and persistent cholestasis with fatty or ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes, infiltration of the portal tracts and focal necrosis, hyperbilirubinemia and cytolytic syndrome. We also found an imbalance in T-cell immunity with hypoimmunosupression of CD3, CD4, CD16, decreased immune-regulatory index, increased levels of cytotoxic CD8-lymphocytes, overproduction of TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-6 correlated with the severity of liver damage. The increased doses of prednisolone, ursosan, as well as higher number of sessions of plasmapheresis did not yield the expected positive effect. We proved the advisability of using taurine (Dibikor) and pyridoxine-L-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate (Metadoxyl) in the combined therapy of toxic hepatitis.

Neuroprotective properties of magnesium sulphate and glycine were confirmed using the model of focal ischemia of the left middle cerebral artery followed by 24-hour reperfusion in rats. Magnesium sulfate (90 mg/kg, IV, 30 minutes before ischemia) reduced the level of NSE by 67 %, cerebral edema by 25 %, yielded a 1,9-time reduction in the necrosis zone area and improved neurological symptoms by 23,4 %. Glycine (800 mg/kg, IP, 30 minutes before ischemia) suppressed an increase in the NSE concentration by 114 %, yielded a 2.24-time reduction in the necrotic zone area and decreased the degree of cerebral edema by 32 %, and improved neurological symptoms by 23 %.

The relationship between pathological changes in the periodontium and systemic disorders in metabolic syndrome (MS) has not yet been fully studied. In the present study 20 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) of moderate severity accompanied by metabolic syndrome (35-55 years) were thoroughly examined and treated. After treatment, the clinical signs of inflammation reduced. Along with clinical improvement, we observed positive changes in clinical and immunological parameters. We conclude that treatment plan of patients with chronic generalized moderate periodontitis accompanied by metabolic syndrome should include immunomodulatory therapy.

The article provides the results of the clinical follow-up of 20 patients with arterial hypertension and moderate/severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The patients received CPAP treatment for 1.5 months. We studied the effects of CPAP therapy on circadian blood pressure profile and renal function. We found that CPAP treatment significantly reduced the severity of sleep apnea. Additionally, CPAP therapy has been shown to significantly lower blood pressure during the day, and decrease urinary albumin excretion.

The article presents the characteristics of organizational and analytical, communicative and self-development competences of representatives of helping professions in clinical psychology, general medicine and social work.

Erythrocyte magnesium deficiency was detected in 38 % of children with atopic asthma and was associated with more severe asthma disease, lower FVC and FEV1. Asthma patients with erythrocyte magnesium deficiency have lower levels of asthma control and a greater as-needed medications consumption. Magnesium deficiency prevent the development of antiinflammatory action of basic therapy, maintain high levels of atopy and allergic inflammation. That can be cause of uncontrol asthma in patients with low levels of erythrocyte magnesium.