Vol 13, No 2 (2016)

In the modern therapy of arterial hypertension (AH) along with thiazide diuretics b-blockers, calcium antagonists, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are considered for initial and maintenance of antihypertensive therapy in the form of mono - or combination therapy. Five of these classes of drugs have comparable antihypertensive effectiveness and proven impact on prognosis in accordance with the results of randomized controlled clinical trials. The most widely used in clinical practice for the treatment of patients with AH received thiazide diuretics. The most powerful evidence base among the diuretics in regards to the effect on prognosis is chlortalidone. The article presents data from a randomized, placebo-controlled and comparative studies сhlortalidone and hydrochlorothiazide in AH. It is shown that diuretics are the most effective component of combination therapy. The application of a new fixed combination сhlortalidone in combination with azilsartan medoxomil in our country will improve opportunities for effective treatment of this category of patients.

The article discusses the factors that increase the arterial stiffness: the blood pressure, atherosclerosis, smoking, diabetes, age. Given evidence that pulse wave velocity and a number of other indicators that reflect the state of the vascular wall, are markers for increased risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality. The influence of antihypertensive drugs of different groups on the stiffness of the vascular wall, with particular attention paid to the effects of drugs from group of diuretics. We discuss possible mechanisms of the influence of indapamide retard on the elastic properties of vessels. It is emphasized that the influence on the stiffness of the arteries of different antigipertenzivny medicines, even belong to the same class, is different, due to differences in pharmacokinetic properties.

Objective. To study the features of different types of left ventricles (LV) geometry in patients with essential hypertension (EH) of different ethnic groups. Materials and methods. We examined 180 patients, residents of the Sakhalin Region, with 1-3 degree arterial hypertension, including 88 patients of Korean ethnicity aged from 45 to 63 years (mean age - 59.2±0.86 years) and 92 patients of Slavic ethnicity in age from 43 to 64 years (mean age - 58.2±0.93 years). LV structural and functional characteristics were studied by means of echocardiography with Doppler analysis on the ultrasonic system Acuson X300 (HP, USA). Results. The results of assessment of different types of LV geometry revealed the following differences: prevalence of the LV concentric remodeling was higher in patients with EH of Korean ethnicity (21.5% versus 13% among the Slavs, p=0.04). Conclusion. The study of the structural characteristics of left ventricular in patients with hypertension, residents of the Sakhalin Region, revealed that concentric remodeling and concentric left ventricular hypertrophy are the main types of LV geometry in hypertensive patients of both ethnic groups. However, concentric LV remodeling was more often detected in patients with hypertension of Korean ethnicity.

Currently, adequate reduction of blood pressure (BP) during the night in patients with arterial hypertension remains important problem. To study chronotherapy’s opportunities to achieve better BP control by a single dose of antihypertensive drugs while maintaining high compliance. Aim. To evaluate the efficacy, tolerability, safety of various prescription regimes of fixed combination: perindopril 10 mg and indapamide 2.5 mg in patients with insufficient degree of BP reduction at night. Design and methods. The study included 30 patients (20 men and 10 women, 56±9.3 years, body mass index 30.5±5.3 kg/m2, the duration of arterial hypertension - 7.1±5.8 years), on ineffective dual antihypertensive therapy (BP>140/90 mm Hg). Initially, ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and blood tests were performed. Then, previous therapy was terminated and fixed combination of perindopril 10 mg/indapamide 2.5 mg (Noliprel A Bi-forte) was administered. Patients were randomized into two groups: morning and evening regimens of therapy. After 8 weeks of treatment ABPM and blood tests were repeated. Statistical analysis was done after further separation of patients into groups with sufficient (dippers) and insufficient (non-dippers) degree of BP reduction at night. Results. In the group of "non-dippers" average ambulatory systolic BP (SBP) during wakefulness declined from 149.4±11.7 mm Hg to 129.8±10.6 mmHg (p<0.01), the average ambulatory diastolic BP (DBP) during wakefulness - from 94.7±12.3 mm Hg to 78.3±8.6 mm Hg (ns), ambulatory SBP during sleep - from 146.6±16.1 mm Hg to 121.8±15.7 mm Hg (p<0.01), ambulatory DBP during sleep - from 86.2±9.2 mm Hg to 70.3±6.5 mm Hg (p<0.01). The reduction of nighttime SBP increased from 1.9±5.8% to 6.2±9.3% (p<0.05), the reduction of nighttime DBP from 6.2±3.9% to 9.6±8.2% (ns). ABPM measurements of "non-dipper" sub-groups, who received treatment in the evening or in the morning after 2 months had no significant difference, except the variability of DBP during wakefulness (p<0.05). We didn’t observe statistically significant difference in terms of the nighttime BP reduction. However, nighttime BP reduction was higher in the evening dosing group: SBP - 4.1±11.1% (morning group), 7.8±7.9% (evening group) and DBP - 8.9±11.0 (morning group) and 10.2±5.5 (evening group). Blood tests were in the normal range during the whole study. Conclusion. A fixed combination of perindopril 10 mg/indapamide 2.5 mg (Noliprel A Bi-forte) is effective and safe in patients with both normal and with insufficient degree of reduction in BP at night. Prescription of medication in the evening in non-dipper patients can have the added benefit on the BP profile. Further research is needed.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc-PAH) and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) belong to group I in the clinical classification of PH, but there is evidence for significant differences in their survival due to current therapy. Objective: the objective of this report is to compare pts with (SSc-PAH) and (IPAH) based on data of Russian National Registry. Patients and methods: in the study we included 52 pts with IPAH and 50 with SSc-PAH. There were no differences in functional class (FC). Diagnosis was based on RHC. Results. At the moment of diagnosis average age of patients with SSc-PAH was 15 year higher (p<0.0001). 6MWD was somewhat more in IPAH group. Borg index was higher in SSc-APAH (4.2±2.1 vs 3.3±1.5); p<0.049. The degree of heart failure (HF) and respiratory failure (RF) did not differ. Dyspnea was the most common among the first symptoms (94% in SSc-PAH and 73% in IPAH). Syncope were observed only in IPAH. In both the diagnosis was verified quite late (in SSc-PAH group in 33 (13; 56.5mts), IPAH - in 30.5 (13.3; 76.3mts). Signs of HF were detected in both groups with equal frequency (76% and 65% respectively). Advanced stage of PAH including symptoms of HF were detected with equal frequency. Only ECHO revealed pericardial effusion more frequently in pts with SSc-PAH (56% vs 35%, p<0.05). Also they had more frequently weight lost (14% vs 2%, p<0.05). Hemodynamics estimation revealed significant haemodynamic differences: sRVP (73.4±19.1 mm Hg) and mPAP (49.1±11.5 mm Hg) in SSc-PAH were significantly lower, than in IPAH (85.9±25.6 mm Hg and 57.5±15.3 mm Hg). dRVP and mRVP were significantly higher in SSc (7.02±5.59 and 28.5±12.7 mm Hg), compared to 0.95±7.6 and 11.7±6.0 mm Hg respectively. Whereas CO values were equal, the average PVR was higher in IPAH (13.2 vs 10.6 WU, р<0.005). RAP levels were equal at both groups. FVC was within normal limits in groups, but DLCO was lower in SSc-PAH group (46.9±13.5% vs 68.5±12.8%). Hb in SSc-APAH group was significantly lower (136±22 g/l vs 149±19 g/l), erythrocyte count was almost same is both groups (4.9±0.6 and 5.1±0.7×1012/l). C-reactive protein in patients with SSc-PAH was higher (9.4±15.1 vs 1.1±1.0 mg/l); p<0.001. Significant decrease in survival during the second and third years of observation was revealed in SSc-PAH group. Difference in 5 years survival between the two groups was 15%, difference was close to statistically significant (p=0.06). Conclusion: although general clinical appearance of patients with SSc-APAH and IPAH looks similar, there are significant differences in hemodynamic indexes and laboratory signs between the two groups. This factor leads to difference in progress and outcome of the disease.

In the article shows the questions of prevalence, diagnosis and prognostic significance of renal damage in metabolic syndrome. Discusses the pathogenetic mechanisms of development and progression of chronic kidney disease in individuals with obesity. Approaches to selection of antihypertensive drugs, advantages and limitations of the major classes of antihypertensive drugs in the treatment of metabolic syndrome, arterial hypertension combined with renal disease.

The article assesses the effectiveness of therapy generics Bidop® production of Gedeon Richter (Hungary), designated to improve diastolic function, and treatment of heart failureof patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with predominant hypertrophy of the interventricular septum and symmetrical concentric shape in the absence of obstruction of outflow tract of the left ventricle (LV). The effect of the presence of zones of intramyocardial fibrosis hypertrophied LV departments identified through MRI delayed contrast, to the process of active relaxation.