Urban construction and architecture

The technology of changing the resistivity of a mixture of raw sludge and compacted activated sludge taken after the sludge pumping station of urban sewage treatment plants by treating the sludge with aluminum sulfate and polyacrylamide (PAA) in doses from 0 to 300 mg/dm³ has been tested. The degree of influence of each reagent on the process of dehydration of the sediment under study has been established. It has been shown that PAA has about 2.0 times greater effect on the process of moisture loss than Al₂(SO₄)₃ at reagent doses from 0 to 200 mg/dm³ and about 1.5 times – at doses from 100 to 300 mg/dm³. Mathematical models of the dependence of the change in the resistivity of the sediment on the amount of Al₂(SO₄)₃ and PAA introduced into it are obtained. Mathematical models are also presented in graphical form (isolines). The optimal doses of coagulant and flocculant for chemical treatment of the studied sewage sludge were determined.

Food industry is one of the most stable sectors of the global market demonstrating the annual growth of the production output, including in the walnut kernel production, with subsequent generation of waste as a result of its processing. The use of walnut shells as a material for production of sorbents is a promising method of waste disposal. The goal of this research is to evaluate the sorption capacity of walnut shells to clean surface wastewater from urban territories. The object of research was the surface wastewater from urban territories. OPTIMA 2100DV spectrometer (Perkin Elmer), pH-150MI microprocessor pH meter, and JEOL JSM-6460 LV scanning electron microscope were used during the research. The obtained experiment data have shown that walnut shells are a promising material for production of sorbents.

In the market of equipment for irrigation of agricultural crops, a significant number of imported filters are sold at a fairly high cost, the loading of which requires constant regeneration and periodic replacement. With the resumption of water supply through the North Crimean Canal and thanks to government investments in agriculture of the Republic of Crimea, the development of compact filtration structures designed to purify irrigation water is relevant.

The article presents the results of a study of the humidity regime of building enclosing structures of the drying department of the brewery located in Tula. The assessment of the humidity regime was carried out in order to identify the causes of damage to external, internal walls and attic floors, and the task was also set to develop technical solutions for steam and waterproofing of the above-mentioned enclosing structures. To solve the tasks set, thermophysical calculations of building enclosing structures were performed, as well as an assessment of their moisture accumulation during the operation of the building. The position of the plane of possible condensation was determined using the author’s methodology. The results of thermophysical calculations showed the presence of moisture accumulation in the above-mentioned structures, which is associated with the use of PVC polyethylene film as wind protection. It was also revealed that there was a discrepancy with the regulatory requirements for thermal protection of the external wall of the electrical panel. In order to eliminate these problems, recommendations were made, which consisted in using an Isospan A type film as a vapor barrier, increasing the thickness of the insulation, organizing natural supply and exhaust ventilation of the attic room, as well as waterproofing the structures of the outer wall made of monolithic reinforced concrete.

It describes the possibility of digitalization of measures to create a gas distribution network. Describes the processes involved in defining the connection contract category, executing and approving project documentation. Analysis of possible reduction of measures due to use of electronic geodetic database, single site for coordination of gas distribution network projects is performed. The result of the introduction of digitalization of measures to create a gas distribution network will be a reduction of up to three calendar months of the term for fulfilling contractual obligations by the gas distribution organization.

One of the ways to utilize mineral wool production waste is to use it in an alkaline hydraulic binder. However, this requires an assessment of the structure of the raw material and the effect of the alkaline activator on it. The article presents the results of a study of the influence of caustic soda solution concentrations of 5,6,7,8,9,10 mol/l on the properties of a cement-sand solution from dust-flying gas purification system of a cupola furnace of mineral wool production. The features of the formation of a cement matrix with changes in concentration have been studied. The maximum compressive strength of 28 MPa and flexural strength of 7.1 MPa were obtained at a concentration of 6 mol/l. It has been established that when dust is mixed with water, the mineral calcium silicate hydrate – gismondine – is formed. During the geopolymerization reaction, gismondin is significantly reduced due to the formation of N-A-S-H gel and ziolites.

The problem: the disclosure of the laws and features of the development of a large Siberian city will help to understand both its structure and the process of formation of a city-numerous form. The generation of the city involves the natural basis, the population in its pro-strange form, which is expressed in the growth of populated cells of the city. People satisfy the needs for housing, in places of employment, in social services, in a high-quality environment. The historical process of becoming an urban planning form is complex and contradictory. Currently, there is no formula that reveals the dependence of the urban planning form on the totality of development arguments: state policy, the interests of developers, the interests and needs of the population, contradictions that lie in the nature of the city’s investment.

Purpose: to identify the prerequisites for explaining the urban planning form of Irkutsk by natural, historical, economic, socio-cultural and religious factors.

Methods: identification of city-forming factors, historical process of seeds or primary cells of the planning structure, ways to increment this cell tissue along the axes of the planning framework, analysis of the evolution of the street network, forms of planning packaging of different areas of the city with different genetic codes.

Results: the main regularities of origin of a town-planning form of the city of Irkutsk are revealed.

The article describes the space-planning solution of the building and the object composition of the object of cultural heritage of regional significance “Hotels Central. Modern”. A historical reference is given and archival images of the household, the planning solution and the facades of the hotel are analyzed, thanks to which three main historical stages of the reconstruction of the building are identified. The emphasis is placed on the fact that the reconstruction of the facades of the building at the time of 1910-1912 can be considered the most valuable from the standpoint of architecture and urban planning. The program of adaptation of the building under consideration is given with a description of the preserved elements of decoration, interior decoration and proposals for their further restoration and use. A statement was made about the continuation of work on the development of scientific and design documentation using the developed window adaptation program.

The problems of introducing socially oriented methods of improving the quality of the living environment into the practice of architectural design are are touched upon. The object of the study was multifunctional buildings and complexes – multi-apartment housing, as well as student dormitories. The subject of the study is socially oriented methods of improving consumer properties of the living environment. The purpose of the work is to systematize and generalize the principles, the most effective approaches and ways to improve architectural solutions that take into account the influence of socio-demographic and psychological factors. Tasks of the work: identification of topical issues reflected in the current legislative framework and regulatory documents, search and study of modern facilities designed or built in Russia and abroad using socially oriented methods, their analysis and systematization. Results. Modern ways of taking into account social factors are identified and demonstrated. Some basic principles are formulated that correspond to the Goals of Sustainable Development and the tasks of adapting project solutions to the most important needs of people.

Specialists who have ever been involved in compositional work could not help but notice that there is a connection between compositional methods and techniques (architects, designers and artists use them in their work) and the fundamental tools of perception that nature has endowed man with and which he uses. The direction of Gestalt psychology is of greatest importance for the chosen topic. This direction describes and studies integral structures that, in principle, cannot be derived from the components that form them. At the same time, the theory of composition studies such laws of construction of a work of art that ensure the integrity of this work. It is quite obvious that the process of creating an attractive form simply must be built according to the laws of perception that are laid down by nature. It is this interesting connection that this article is devoted to.

The article continues the research of the principles of museum design, which was devoted to such phenomenon as “protomuseum – immersion – spectator” and the visual nature of immersiveness and the spatial and sensory experience of its living. At this stage, attention is paid to the following typology of museumified environments: museum-at-the-crossroads (Modern times/ museum-theater, museum without walls, virtual museum, etc.) through the transition from “museum – techno-immersiveness – spectator” to “postmuseum – immersiveness – non-spectator”. The evolution of digital surfing and the construction of interactive strategies, the conflict of technological immersiveness and the cognitive properties of the viewer’s psyche are considered: what happens to him inside and outside the digital environment? Particular attention is paid to the narrative immersiveness and the role of the museum in the implementation of new “ritual” and “game” practices that can compete with the philosophy of downshifting in an attempt to get out of digital reality, return to the viewer the most important sense of “proprioception” and presence in the moment.

The article presents the concept of vertical urbanism, which ensures the constant transformation of the vertical city through the application of the most modern building theories and technologies. The interrelationship of concept and technology forms the basis of dynamic vertical urbanism: robot-based design, open building concepts, modular construction and industrial assembly, on-site automation and building information modeling. A new structure of the vertical city, or dynamic vertical urbanism, is proposed, covering the entire life cycle of a building object and characterized by constant vertical transformation through the use of the latest building technologies.

The architectural and urban heritage of large and small Russian cities is currently not fully appreciated and used to improve the quality of life of the population. Medium and small cities of the Leningrad region have a rich natural and historical and cultural potential and need further spatial development. This work is devoted to the master planning of a fragment of the historical settlement of Novaya Ladoga in the framework of the annual competition “The Concept of Spatial Development of Municipalities of the Leningrad Region”, which was held by the Committee for Urban Planning Policy of the Leningrad Region. One of the fundamental tasks of the urban development of the territory in this case is continuity, the preservation of historical and cultural diversity and the memory of the place. The novelty of the conceptual project proposal lies in the creation of not only a coherent and integral system of public spaces at the citywide and regional levels through a system of points of attraction in order to develop tourism, but also in the formation of an identical cultural and educational cluster to increase the level of human potential of the settlement. Thus, as a result of the renovation of the urban environment, an attempt was made to link the times through the formation of a cultural and educational center and a developing modern infrastructure.

The article examines strategic documents, regulatory legal acts of the federal, regional and local levels in order to identify priority areas of project activities in relation to the Kama agglomeration, examines the current urban situation on the basis of cartographic data, data from state statistical agencies, field studies. The possibilities and limitations of the territorial and spatial development of the Kama agglomeration are determined. Today, the Kama agglomeration is formed on the basis of two core cities: the cities of Naberezhnye Chelny and Nizhnekamsk. The purpose of the study is to determine the features of the modern territorial and spatial development of the Kama agglomeration.