Vol 14, No 2 (2024)

A simple and cheap field method for determining the porosity of the soil and its filtration coefficient is considered. Graphs are presented for the direct determination of these parameters by the depth of a puddle of liquid on the surface of dry soil, the time of complete absorption of this liquid into the soil and the time of half absorption, during which the depth of the puddle decreases by 2 times. Simplified techniques are presented that allow us to limit ourselves to measuring the initial depth of the puddle and the time of its complete absorption and allow us to obtain an approximate estimate of the filtration coefficient with an accuracy of factor 2.

The work is devoted to testing magnesium complexonate nitrilotrimethylenophosphonic (NTP) acid as a reagent that reduces the corrosion rate and the amount of mineral deposits formed. The corrosion rate was controlled by measuring the polarization resistance of water using the Expert-004 device. In the course of the work done, a high efficiency of inhibition of scale deposits and corrosion was established in the boiler house of the city of Polevsky, operating on the water of the city pond. A complex scale and corrosion inhibitor Mg-NTF was proposed and tested under production conditions in the technological systems of URAL-Sakhar 1 LLC, which made it possible to significantly reduce operating and capital costs.

The paper considers a sample of the actual specific water consumption of several closed hydraulic circuits accumulated over a long-term observation period. Using standard statistical methods, the types of distribution density function were determined and analytical expressions were obtained for the specific water consumption of the corresponding neighborhoods, followed by drawing on a summary graph and quantifying falling into the normalized range of specific water consumption in accordance with SP 31.13330.2021. The influence of the actual specific water consumption on the performance of pumping equipment, pumping water pumping stations is shown.

The dominant role of the binder system and the water-cement ratio has been proven by many studies, but the importance of the aggregate should also be noted, because a large share in the volume of the material belongs to it. By forming a rigid skeleton, the filler participates in the formation of the structure of the composite, and it is it that is responsible for the contact strength with the cement matrix. A study of the physical and mechanical properties and granulometric composition of the filler is necessary to determine the material’s compliance with the requirements of GOST 8267–93. The work carried out on designing the composition of concrete using coarse aggregate from the North Caucasus Federal District made it possible to evaluate the contribution of this component to the process of formation of the structure and strength of concrete stone. Occupying the predominant volume in the mass of concrete, coarse aggregate affects the technical performance, durability and cost of the final product. The study of physical and mechanical properties and granulometric composition of the aggregate will make it possible to correctly design concrete formulations, which is a crucial point in obtaining specified classes of concrete, and will subsequently affect the operational reliability and durability of objects under construction.

Preservation of residential buildings from different periods of construction allows us to preserve the identity of cities. The regulatory regulation of issues of financing repairs and the feasibility of using various methods for restoring the working condition of wooden floors of buildings commissioned in the mid-20th century are analyzed. Various methods of repairing and restoring wooden floors are considered from the point of view of labor intensity and efficiency of the methods.

To increase the reliability of the organization of material and technical supply and reduce the total costs of construction, an algorithm for enumerating supplies using dynamic programming logic has been developed, allowing to reduce the volume of computational operations. The presented methodology for organizing the distribution of supplies over time allows us to solve the problem of optimizing the delivery schedule of material resources, increasing the uniformity of supplying construction flows with material resources, and reducing the size of working capital in construction. The materials of the article make it possible to plan the organization of supplies of material resources in construction and are the basis for further research.

The second part of the article highlights the processes of historical and architectural environment transformation in small and medium-sized towns of the Nizhegorodskoe Povolzhie region during the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. The author analyzes the factors that led to the loss of architectural landscapes visual harmony that had developed by the beginning of the 20th century. The historical and architectural environment is interpreted as a phenomenon of the region architectural and urban culture. It is considered in the context of topical historical and theoretical problems of architecture and urban planning: problem of traditions and innovations; problem of mass and unique; problem of style and image; problem of global and identical. The general regularities of the historical and architectural environment formation and development throughout the life cycle of the New and Newest times are investigated.

This article identifies emergence and development of «brick» style, its influence on architecture of buildings. The reasons for which this style got its popularity and was used in the mass construction of buildings and structures have been determined. As an example, the buildings of objects of cultural heritage of the city of Voronezh, belonging to educational institutions, some of which still retain their original function of an educational institution. The research concluded that the buildings, made in «brick» style, should be preserved, their value in the architectural and planning structure of the city and the historical and cultural significance of buildings in the formation of the architectural appearance of streets was determined. Conclusions were made about the problems of reconstruction of the urban area in the historical development and preservation of cultural heritage objects in the conditions of changing the street space during the construction of modern buildings. Brief recommendations are given, which will avoid a number of problems when designing new buildings in the conditions of historical urban development.

The article is devoted to the key concepts in Koolhaas’s work. The article discusses the concepts implemented by the architect when developing a functional program, spatial structure, and architectural form. Various objects created by applying these concepts are analyzed. Many examples are given to illustrate Koolhaas’s original method. Features of the application of concepts that ensure the uniqueness of the design solution in each object are revealed, when using similar design tools. Particular attention is paid to the evolutionary development of concepts ▪ from their theoretical basis and experimentation in early projects to their consolidation in symbolic patents as architectural inventions.

Today the suburbanization phenomenon in the course of intensive suburban areas transformation of megapolises has reached a mature phase. The suburbs, formerly consisted only of residential areas, have been overgrown with new powerful types of neo-industrial production. Multihubs with the places of attraction of local tourism, sports, rural culture and handicrafts have endowed with identification markers suburban zones and suburban belts of megapolis urban agglomerations with multihub characteristics. The author’s article is based on the scientific works of specialists studying urban processes related to international and russian interest in the phenomenon of transformation of megapolis suburban areas. Using the example of the Volga megapolis Greater Samara, there are considered: Spatial structure of multihub systems; long-wave cycles of the sequence of the technological structure of the world community.

The current urban planning situation is characterised by the need to justify the reorganisation, integrated development and renovation of the territories of the large cities and megapolises of the Volga region, which requires the development of new methodological approaches to their solution. In this aspect, the analysis of building density distribution, as one of the significant urban planning indicators, makes it possible to create a systematic approach to solving the identified urban planning problems. Using the proposed methodology, based on the application of geographic information systems tools, we have assessed the distribution of building density of such cities of the Volga region as Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod, Cheboksary, Kazan, Ulyanovsk, Togliatti, Samara, Saratov, Volgograd and Astrakhan, illustrated by the mosaic distribution of this parameter. Comparison of the data with the results available in open sources and previously obtained by other methods showed that the proposed methodology allows achieving the necessary measurement accuracy and level of data verification.

The article examines the processes of the formation of science in the space of Russian capitals. The features of the formation of networks of scientific objects in capital cities are noted: established (Moscow) and new (St. Petersburg). The formation of each network is considered against the background of the development of the city’s planning structure. The influence of production process technology on the selection of sites suitable for scientific research is shown. The reasons for the concentration of scientists in the Moscow territorial area “Kremlin ▪ Kitai-Gorod” and St. Petersburg “Vasilievsky Island” are determined. Materials are presented that characterize the development of communication between scientific institutions and educational institutions, manufacturing enterprises and other urban facilities that use the results of research work in their activities. Attention is paid to the problem of resettlement of scientists, production workers, teachers and students, organization of relatively independent towns within urban areas. The changes that the spatial organization of science underwent in the cities under consideration during the 17th and 18th centuries are analyzed.