Vol 11, No 3 (2021)

Here is the description of fi nite elementmodels of joints between reinforced concrete slab and column, made in the SIMULIA ABAQUS software package. The variable parameters were the ratio of the sides of the column cmax/cmin and the ratio of the side of the column to the eff ective depth c/h0. The calculation is performed in a non-linear formulation. Finite elementmodels showed realistic behavior: a punching shear pyramid was detected. It was found a signifi cant unevenness in the distribution of tangential deformations, as well as the main compressive deformations of the concrete slab near the column. The nature of the formation and development of the punching shear pyramid depends on the value of the ratio of the sides of the column cmax/cmin and the ratio of the side of the column to the eff ective depth slab c/h0.

The distribution of forces in the beams of a straight and oblique monolithic reinforced concrete caisson fl oor of a square plan is compared. The forces in the beams are determined by well-known analytical methods and using fi nite element models of the SCAD PC. The calculations showed that the forces in the beams of the oblique caisson fl oor, determined analytically and using computer models, diff er signifi cantly, which indicates the complex operation of the spatial system, which is not taken into account by the analytical calculation method based on the theory of calculating plates supported by the contour. The obtained data indicate that a square caisson fl oor with beams installed at an angle of 450 to the reference contour has greater rigidity and lower values of bending moments compared to straight caissons. When the ratio of the sides of the overlap L2 > 1,5 . L1 to ensure the eff ect of supporting the contour, the location of the beams in relation to the outer contour should be at an angle of 45°.

This article deals with the problem of choosing the thickness of the heat-refl ecting screen behind the heating radiator, in which the conditions for the formation of condensate on the wall are not achieved. Based on the analysis of the results obtained, the maximum thickness of the screen is established, using the example of penofol, at the calculated temperature diff erence in the conditions of a cold fi ve-day period, and the heat losses and the economic eff ect of this energy-saving measure are determined already during the heating period. Calculations were carried out for a wall made of reinforced concrete, covered with plaster on the outside. This technique can be used for other cases of enclosing structures and various materials of the heat-refl ecting screen.

The results of chemical analysis of natural waters from surface (river, water supply) and underground (well, well) sources are given. Water selection for analysis was carried out in a number of cities and villages of the Samara and Penza regions. The analysis was performed on the following indicators: total stiff ness, hydrogen index, calcium, magnesium, iron cations, chlorides, sulfates, hydrocarbonates, permanganate oxidability. The most common chemical indicator of water quality exceeding MPC was identifi ed. The negative impact of rigid water on the operation of boiler units and household needs is shown. Various methods of water softening are illuminated. The results of determination of water hardness before softening and after fi ltration through a layer of cationite and anionite are presented. Based on the obtained indicators, recommendations are given on the selection of softening methods for various types of boilers.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of the reagent treatment of wastewater from breweries. The object of the study was the wastewater of the Samara brewery. To achieve this goal, a trial coagulation of the original wastewater of the brewery was carried out using six diff erent reagents. During the experiment, the optimal doses of each coagulant were determined. It was found experimentally that the maximum effi ciency of coagulation was 34 % in terms of COD. Comparative results of the reagent treatment with various coagulants showed that an increase in the reagent dose over 150 mg / l in terms of Me2O3 did not lead to an increase in the purifi cation effi ciency, however, the cost of purifi ed water signifi cantly increased. The research results were used in the development of a cleaning scheme for the brewery in Samara.

Various sources of noise in cities and ways to combat them are considered. The effi ciency of two types of acoustic screens is analyzed: single-layer and two-and three-layer. The positive and negative characteristics of various designs of existing acoustic screens are listed. A fundamentally new design of the acoustic screen is described: the panels have a ridge profi le, they are located along the vertical axis of the frame with a step at which the panels above the located ridge cover the top of the lower ridge, the outer surfaces of the panels and their end parts are made of a material that has sound-refl ecting properties, and the inner surfaces of the panels are made of sound-absorbing material. Such an acoustic screen is devoid of the disadvantages inherent in acoustic screens of other structures and is more effi cient. The considered invention allows due to the use of the ridge shape of acoustic panels: prevent the refl ection of sound energy in the direction of noise sources (a small part will be directed upwards); provide almost complete absorption of sound energy as it passes through the channels formed by the ridge panels; provide the same effective protection against noise sources located on both sides of the screen; prevent the formation of snow and ice crust on sound-absorbing surfaces, which ensures the constant eff ectiveness of the screen in diff erent seasons of the year; reduce metal consumption, which will reduce the weight of the structure without reducing its effi ciency and reduce the cost of acoustic screens.

The study of the urban planning features of the development of Leningrad in the pre-war decade can serve to determine the preservation of the visual identity of urban planning ensembles of the historical and cultural heritage of the fi rst half of the 20th century. General plans 1935-1937 gave direction to design activities and large-scale construction in Leningrad for two decades. The basis of a systematic approach to the formation of the structure of the new development of Leningrad was the creation of a complex of urban planning ensembles that united the peripheral districts and focused on the traditions of Petersburg architecture. Are detected the architectural, compositional and spatial features of the organization of residential areas on the peripheral territory of Leningrad are being studied. The boundaries of the protection of ensembles and complexes of the 1920- 1930s, aimed at preserving the volumetric-spatial structure, as well as visual connections of the dominants and accents of the period under consideration, have been determined. The architectural principles of the formation and means of organizing the ensembles of the 1920s-1930s are revealed, the boundaries of the protection territories of objects are determined in the context of visual relationships.

The paper considers the residential quarters of aircraft factories in the industrial area of Kuibyshev - Bezymyanka, designed by the Kuibyshev branch of the Giproaviaprom Institute and built in the late 1940s - mid 1950s. The features of their construction and architectural and planning organization are analyzed, the periodization of construction is determined, the building parameters, architectural and stylistic characteristics are shown, the experience of urban planning development of residential buildings is investigated on the principles of creating an “enlarged quarter”, the results of interaction between two design organizations - the Architectural and Planning Workshop of St. Kuibyshev and the Institute for the Design of Industrial Enterprises and Departmental Development of the Aviation Profi le - Giproaviaprom.

The narrative motive of the study is the fact of the infl uence of the garden and park ensembles’ construction on the development of cities. The historical periods of the highest fl owering of culture, philosophy, aesthetic ideas, and the development of construction skills have been selected for the work. The authors of the article draw att ention to the theoretical works of the 20th century in Western civilization, considering the city as a natural system. Their connection with the concepts of the 16th- 19th centuries in England, France, Italy, and France is affi rmed. The idea of the city as a natural system is revealed through images and metaphors, which help to understand the place of public landscapes in the history of civilization. The article presents the garden-park complexes, the creation of which changed the urban planning paradigm, initiated the construction of new cities, promoted the replacement of obsolete or lost elements of urban structure. The author suggests the classifi cation of landscape complexes according to their role in the development of urban planning and their infl uence on the artistic culture, architecture and morphology of the city.

The purpose of this study is to understand how globalization is changing the set up of the architectural design industry and what strategies and technologies we, as industry professionals, can incorporate in our practices to meet the current industry demands. This paper discusses the power of the network and how it can positively redefi ne our approaches and expand our capabilities in design co-creation. This study looks at the history of architectural design, and analyzes current industry trends and demands. It also off ers a number of research-based solutions for more eff ective project delivery and design co-creation.

The method of assessing the impact of factors of diff erent nature on the components of the city’s living environment that determine favorable living conditions and the well-being of the population is considered. It is statistically established that the variety of factors should be taken into account when assessing and normalizing the combination of multifactorial impacts on demographic and social processes occurring in the urban environment. Combinations of the most signifi cant interacting factors and statistical models based on them can be taken into account when predicting the level of morbidity, the dynamics of migration processes, the family well-being of the population, and others. The developed models and assessment methodology can serve as a tool to support management decision-making to ensure a high level of quality of life of the population and urban development of residential areas.

Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) is among the cities that are most at risk of fl ooding worldwide. Urbanization processes have led to a change in land use, which in turn has resulted in an increase in impervious surfaces and runoff , thus again leading to the risk of fl ooding in the city. The aim of the article is to study the impact of urban development (on the example of District 8 of HCMC) on surface runoff using a combination of the interpretation of remote sensing images of the earth (ERS) Google Earth and the SCS-CN model (the Soil Conservation Service curve number). Theoretical models are used to analyze the relationship between the typology of buildings and areas of open and impervious surfaces. The interpretation of remote sensing images was carried out in the ArcGIS program. The method used to calculate surface runoff is the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method developed by the US Soil Conservation Service and is suitable for assessing the eff ects of land-use/land cover change due to urbanization. The results of the study show the volume of surface runoff in areas with diff erent levels of urbanization in district 8 of HCMC, assessing the impact of urbanization processes on surface runoff and revealing new opportunities for managing this process. The combination of remote sensing interpretation and SCS-CN model makes it possible to assess the impact of urban development on surface runoff . Urbanization and an increase in built-up area strongly aff ect fl ooding, reducing the soil retention.

In the electrical complex “induction heater - deforming equipment”, the limiting performance of the complex is the induction heating unit. In this regard, an important task of increasing the effi ciency of the processing complex is to optimize both the design and operating parameters of the induction heating unit. It is shown that the main design parameter infl uencing the energy characteristics of the complex is the length of the heating system. When optimizing the total length of the heater, an iterative model of the process of induction heating of ferromagnetic billets is used. The power distribution algorithm along the length of a two-section heater is a piecewise continuous function. Optimization of the heater length according to the proposed method made it possible to reduce the heater length from 2.8 m to 2.1 m, i.e. by 25%. To search for eff ective control algorithms for non-stationary modes, a refi ned electrothermal model is proposed in the work. It takes into account the nonlinear dependence of the distribution of the power of the sources of internal heat release on the temperature distribution in the metal of the workpieces along the radial and axial coordinates. The problem of fi nding the optimal control of transient modes of a two-section induction heater of methodical action is formulated and solved. The results obtained provide a minimum of energy consumption for heating billets in transient modes under conditions of technological and energy constraints. Variants of starting the heater at various initial temperature states of the load are considered. The results of a comparative analysis of the eff ectiveness of the obtained control algorithms are presented. The structure of the power supply and control system of the induction heating complex is proposed.