Vol 14, No 4 (2024)

The article discusses the issue of exploitation and adaptation of cultural heritage objects of the 18th – 19th centuries to a new functional purpose. The problem lies in the non-compliance of the basic design and space-planning parameters with the requirements of current standards. The use of standard methods of strengthening walls for cultural heritage sites, as a rule, distorts the authenticity of not only the design solutions and materials used, but also leads to irreversible changes in the facades and layout of the premises. Based on the research, have developed a method for increasing the mechanical safety of stone walls and cultural heritage sites using anchors with wooden floor beams. At the same time, the authenticity of the object is preserved with minimal engineering intervention in its supporting system.

The problem of construction of two-belt radial-cable coating systems is considered. The configuration of the supporting contour is determined in the event of a change in the shape and material of the rods. Stress-strain state of the system is investigated. Two cases of loading the coating with a temporary load were considered and an analysis of the effect of the nature of loading the coating on the stress-strain state of the system was carried out.

In the work of obtained the dependences of specific heat transfer coefficients for different conditions of laying a thermal network and different soils from the flow rate of the coolant. Deviations of the specific heat transfer coefficient for different types of thermal insulation of pipelines do not exceed 1,9 %, which makes it possible to ignore this condition. A method for determining heat losses based on the distributed load of the coolant is proposed. For the model of the thermal network, a comparison of the total losses of thermal energy is made: normative; real, obtained on the because of thermal engineering calculation, losses obtained by the distributed load method. The discrepancy between the methods of finding thermal energy losses in relation to distributed losses was less than 8 %.

The article considers the features of the organization of construction activities in mountainous conditions on the example of the construction of the “Inter-settlement gas pipeline from the GRS “Tyrnyauz” to the Molybdenum mine in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, the Elbrus district, Tyrnyauz town”. It was revealed that the construction is carried out in difficult conditions, in an area of high seismicity, difficult terrain, and geology. During the work, it is necessary to preserve and restore ecologically sound volumes and territories of the natural environment with its evolutionarily developed biological diversity.

A series of essentially new productive designs of devices for a destruction of rocky breeds with using of a rifle cartridge at boring of drill holes is developed. Devices are intended for civil sector of employment. Offered designs of crushing most effectively to apply in areas of a Central Russian height, hilly districts, in mountain-flat areas. The device is intended for a rifle cartridge with a bullet charge or a small charges in of a smooth-bore rifle. Problems of process of boring of drill holes with use of a rifle cartridge with different kinds of bullets are revealed. Working schemes and a principle of action of offered mechanical inertial shock systems of devices for different designs with various methods of mechanical startings of a cartridge are investigated.The analysis of mechanisms of startings of rifle cartridges of devices of destruction of rocky breeds is carried out. The kinematics and physics with mechanical processes of work of the offered devices are considered. Advantages and lacks of operation, and specificity of using the designs of the boring process are shown, depending on type, to hardness and density of rocky breeds. Accessible methods, elements of designs and materials for economic and qualitative manufacturing of designs of devices of destruction are stated. Aspects of physics of shock influence of a rifle cartridge on breed of a drill holes are considered. The special attention is directed on problems of ecology and safety precautions in the course of drilling with application of the given devices. Conditions of ecological pollution of a drill holes are revealed. Recommendations about work safety precautions - safety of preparatory operations at startings of devices, rifle using, safe depths of use of the given devices are given.

Purpose: To compare the results of the hydraulic calculation of metal water pipes according to three known dependencies.

Methods: The calculated dependencies used to perform the hydraulic calculation of metal water pipes are determined.

Results: It is proposed to perform a hydraulic calculation of worn metal water pipes with internal deposits according to the refined formula of F.A. Sheveleva, which takes into account the thickness of the sediment layer for pressure losses in pipes and has sufficient accuracy. 

Conclusion: It is recommended to use the refined formula of Professor F.A. Shevelev for hydraulic calculations of pipes, taking into account the change in their actual internal diameter due to the formation of a time-varying layer of internal deposits.

The method of adaptation of the ROUK laboratory module for conducting experimental studies on the desalination of the waters of the Black Sea is presented. The paper highlights the issues of setting the main research objectives, forming a goal and studying the technological equipment of a ready-made laboratory module with artificial seawater modeling, followed by studying and determining the necessary parameters of the reverse osmosis technological process in terms of pressure and flow of desalinated water, as well as the ratio of the obtained permeates and concentrates with different initial compositions of desalinated water to achieve the required quality indicators.

This article is devoted to considering the possibility of using waste from processing particle boards, and the use of these wastes in the construction industry, in particular in the preparation of concrete mixtures. The liquid remaining after wet grinding, screw mills, and chipboards is considered as the waste used. In the process of soaking wood boards, water is washed out/saturated with their constituent substances, that is, formaldehyde, which is a component of the binder resin, and lignin, which is the main component of wood. Both substances are used as the basis for the production of plasticizing additives, so their presence in the aqueous extract will contribute to a change in the rheological properties of the cement. To confirm this assumption, studies of cement paste were carried out using a Vicat device with a pestle on various types of cement. After that, graphs of changes in mobility were plotted and the plasticizing effect was assessed.

Based on the analysis of a number of domestic and foreign scientific publications, a case is made emphasizing the relevance of improving operational reliability of buildings and facilities during their construction and reconstruction through soil reinforcement by open bore piling and under-reaming. The key approaches to achieve the efficient use of enlarged-base open bore piles are identified and their advantages are discussed. The authors suggest the improved open bore piling technology for weak-soil areas featuring retrievable casing pipes and a tremie pipe-based concreting process. The pile design and piling process-related specifics are explored. The under-reaming effect is accomplished by the part of the reinforcing cage that is placed in weak soils. This cage part is made of reinforcing bars previously bent in toward the casing pipe. Before concreting, this part of reinforcing cage is shaped accordingly by applying squeeze load. The improved open bore pile is mentioned to be based on the pile design developed and patented by the authors. It is underlined that the improvement of the open bore pile design and piling technology helps reduce the metal intensity and labor cost of the process.

Energy-efficient measures used in the construction of residential buildings in the Russian Federation were considered and analyzed. Energy-efficient construction is an effective way to improve the living conditions of the population. Statistics showing the growth in the construction of energy-efficient residential buildings in the Russian Federation are presented. Measures included in the project of an energy-efficient residential building at the address: Samara, Kuibyshevsky district, per. Saratov, designed by the engineering company “PAREX.” Conclusions were drawn about the technical feasibility and economic feasibility of building such buildings in the Samara region.

The article is devoted to the theoretical architectural heritage of Colin Rowe. The article examines the origins of the formation of a scientist’s thinking, based on the influence of two different scientific schools. Below are three of Rowe’s most significant essays on architectural issues. The beginnings of the scientist’s research work which determined his passion for paradoxical comparisons and the intellectual approach are described in the first of them; the formation of an approach based on perception in the second essay is analyzed; the third essay examines the creative and conceptual synthesis of the two approaches that characterizes the mature stage of development of Roe’s dialectical methodology. In each case, the subject of interest is Rowe’s scientific evolution, as well as the significance of his methodology in architectural theory.

The presented work reveals the details of the history of the emergence of the Central Park of Culture and Recreation (Out of town Park) in Samara. Archival documents from the Central State Archive of the Samara region served as the material for this study. The period from 1930 to 1932, from the decision to create the park to its opening, is considered. The work introduces into scientific circulation a new previously unknown document – a diagram of the boundaries of the sites combined to create a park, as well as a number of documents that have not previously been published in professional scientific literature. The discovered documents make it possible to study the history and genesis of the planning structure of the Samara “Out of town Park” with higher accuracy. This is especially true now, on the eve of the planned large-scale reconstruction of the park.

The article discusses the main functions that children’s libraries perform, their importance and potential for further development. A retrospective analysis of the functional structure of children’s libraries in different eras of the formation of society is analyzed. The article examines how children’s libraries have adapted to the changing conditions and demands of society. The dominant functions are identified: educational, cultural and educational, social and related. Related groups include entertainment, creative, digital. The direction of further research has been determined, focused on finding a new form of children’s library, taking into account the expansion of the functional composition in modern socio-economic conditions of the development of society in Russia. A definition of model children’s libraries is given as a new typological model of libraries in architectural design. A vector for further research into the space-planning components of the architectural solution of these objects has been outlined.

Developing countries such as Vietnam lead the way in terms of urban population growth. As you know, the territories of large cities are rapidly expanding, so city authorities are faced with the task of meeting the growing demand for infrastructure and public spaces. The relevance of the work is due to the fact that in the context of economic development, the local land fund is increasingly narrowing, with the trend of developing green, clean, beautiful and sustainable cities. In recent years in Vietnam more attention has been and is being paid to the advantage of urban underground space. This paper examined the legal, scientific and practical aspects of planning in Vietnam, including issues of underground construction and underground space planning. According to the development trend, construction, reconstruction and urban development activities in Vietnam should be closely related to the use of underground urban space. Effective use of underground space, saving land resources and proper organization of underground work contribute to the development of cities, improving the quality of people’s life and economic growth.