Vol 15, No 4 (2014)

Contemporary satellite communications require the large-dimensioned antennas with high precision of the reflecting surface. They shall be light, robust and temperature resistant. The unevenness of the temperature field in an antenna can result in the temperature deformations of the reflecting surface and deterioration of the transmitted signal. The temperature influence on antennas and reflectors shall be determined during the design phase. This research examines the reflector accommodated on the telecommunication satellite which operates on the geostationary orbit. The reflector is a three-ply sandwich panel which consists of two skins and a honeycomb core. The heat-transfer properties of the reflector sandwich panel as well as carbon fiber composites and honeycomb core can vary significantly. For the purpose of the most accurate calculations during the temperature analysis phase an engineer has to find the anisotropic thermal conductivity coefficient of the carbon fiber composites and honeycomb core by applying the mathematical simulation. The heat-transfer properties of such materials are often unknown during the temperature analysis phase. The necessity to determine the properties of the reflector materials is confirmed by performed calculations. The basic equations for thermal equilibrium of the spacecraft and its components were reviewed. The thermal mathematical model was developed for the reflector with overall dimensions of 3.6 m x 2 m. The estimate of the reflector materials conductivity and heat-transfer coefficient effect on the maximum and minimum diurnal temperatures and maximum temperature difference was made. The significant influence of the conductivity and heat-transfer coefficients on temperature difference in the reflector was shown.

In the paper the application of artificial immune systems as a heuristic detection method for algorithmic information security incidents of intrusion detection systems is proposed. A theory of clonal selection has been selected from the existing computational models of artificial immune systems with the necessary features for building adaptive intrusion detection systems. The efficiency of clonal selection algorithm is increased forming high affinity detectors) by modification of clonal selection algorithm by applying an external structure optimization, which principle is based on the application of the evolutionary algorithm strategy. For affinity calculation in work the metrics “coordination percent” is used. Additionally, in the paper the pseudorandom numbers generator on the basis of Blum-Blum-Shub’s algorithm is applied. The empirical results of the evolutionary immune clonal selection algorithm effectiveness have been received by testing on a set of test data according to the procedure of research. Comparative analysis with similar efficiency of the developed evolutionary immune clonal selection algorithm, constructed on the other methods of artificial intelligence, is performed. Conclusions on the efficiency of application of the evolutionary immune clonal selection algorithm selection at the solution of a problem of deliberate changes detection on a controlled data are formulated according to the results of the research.

Forming the on-board equipment of the space systems with fail-tolerant electronic devices is one of the most important problems of the modern space industry. The first issue is to supply the space industry companies with fake and low-quality production which does not correspond to the reliability requirements. In this paper, authors consider the problem of improving quality of national production of electronic devices. In production of electronic units, using the electronic devices with equal values of characteristics is preferable. The equality of the characteristics is reached if a production lot of the electronic devices consists of devices produced as a single production batch. In the case when the production conditions are unknown, the only way of checking if the whole lot belongs to a single production batch and improving quality of electronic unit and the whole system is complex testing of the whole lot. This problem is the most actual and important for construction of electronic units of the space systems. The spacecraft contains approximately 100000-200000 electronic devices such as electronic chips, transistors, diodes, capacitors, relays, resistors etc. On-board equipment in the space cannot be repaired. Thus, the reliability of such equipment must be maximal. Required reliability level can be reached via many various factors. One of the most important factors is to use the hireliability electronic devices. In this article, authors propose a problem statement of learning the quantity of the production batches in a lot of the devices. This problem is solved as series of cluster analysis problems by special genetic algorithm.

The main issues of development of program-algorithmic design complex electrical drawings in the instrument are reviewed. The urgency of its application for reducing the complexity of the development, quality improvement of the design documentation, prevention discrepancies between the connection table, a table of contacts and pictures, layout wiring harness are shown. The key principles of the software structure are mentioned. The software main modules are shown, which can solve the following problems: electrical schema CAD file data import; export design data in text or binary CAD file format; input data checking and verification; design data storing; data state information reports forming; design and electrical schema data synchronization in order to form change notice reports; design data visualization; wire trace routing, wire thread cross section and diameter calculations. An algorithm for determining states of circuits circuitry based on the Boost Graph Library is proposed, which is formed of the breadth-first search on a graph algorithm. The generalized scheme of software and algorithmic complex, the main characteristics needed for solving the problem of designing wiring harness are given. The possibility of using a component library for Qt GUI interface development software package is shown. The software for the automatic modeling of assembly and switching space is developed. Software features: CAD-independent input, storage, graphical display of circuitry data; input data control; automated receiving of connections tables and electrical circuit contacts; interactive and automatic wiring harness; mapping of the diameter, length and number of wires at any point of the routed harness segment; reporting on data structures current state; wiring drawings export.

In this paper, possibility of measuring of moisture and heights of vegetation at agricultural fields using receiver of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) signals is theoretically and experimentally studied. Measurement of GNSS interference pattern (interferogram) was held in August 2013 at suburb of Krasnoyarsk on agricultural fields planted with rape, rye, wheat and barley. Signals of GLONASS and GPS were recorded on a standard receiver MRK-32P (“Radiosvayz”, Krasnoyarsk). Measurements of texture, bulk density and volumetric moisture of soil at the depth of 5 cm and 10 cm, height, volumetric moisture and bulk density of the vegetation were carried out synchronously with the measurement of interferograms. In addition, the dielectric measurements of rye were carried out based on which dielectric model was built, that is allowed to calculate the complex permittivity of vegetation, depending on its volumetric moisture content. The method of retrieving of volumetric moisture and heights of vegetation is based on solving the inverse problem by minimizing the norm of the residual between the measured and theoretically calculated interferogram. The theoretical model of interferogram takes into account only the coherent component of field of reflected wave from the rough soil surface covered with a vegetation. At the same time, the volumetric moisture and texture of soil were assumed as known parameters. As a result, a good agreement between measured and calculated interferograms was shown. Retrieved vegetation heights and moisture on the test plots with an average error of 0.17 m and 0.21 kg/m 2 corresponds to values, which are measured by the contact method.

The variation and differential method of calculation of stability of thin plates on the inertial loadings operating in the basic plane is developed. The regional task is given to the generalized problem of own numbers. Thus matrixes are formed: the first, a rigidity matrix - is based on the biharmonic equation of S. Germaine, and the second matrix, represents changes of the internal tension or internal efforts arising in a plate. The annex of a method of final differences to a differential problem definition shows the following. The rigidity matrix always symmetric is also positively defined for the fixed plate. The second matrix to - a matrix of internal efforts at approximation of derivative functions with application of the central differences, from actions of forces of inertia is formed asymmetrical rather main diagonal, also lines of this matrix - such is feature of inertial loadings can also degenerate. Despite possibility of formation of systems of the equations certain difficulties if the plate has free edges arise by method of final differences of big dimensions; it is necessary to exclude the second row the zakonturnykh of knots of a grid that complicates procedure of calculations, especially in corners of a plate, external and internal. Therefore transition from the differential formulation of a task to the integrated formulation with sampling by a variation and differential method is executed. At this approach, when forming a matrix of rigidity at free edges there is no second row the zakonturnykh of knots, in corners there are no additional knots of a grid; - the matrix of internal efforts is always symmetric, such is feature of the appendix of integrated approach. The matrix of internal efforts can be badly caused, however this factor doesn’t influence the solution of a problem of definition of own numbers. The set of theoretical researches and solutions of practical problems of calculation of stability of designs, including by calculation of a longitudinally cross bend of thin plates is given in literature. However, in a bigger measure, these tasks have positively certain operators. There is a certain search and research operation of application of a variation and differential method to calculation of stability of designs on various loadings is performed. The differential formulation of a regional task is transformed to the variation formulation; criteria of stability are given and issues of approximation of differential operators for a discrete task with final number of variables are resolved. The algorithms are developed for mathematical Maple system and programs of calculation are made. Two examples of calculation of plates are given. The plate which is rigidly fixed on all parties is considered; operating forces of inertia change under the linear law. Also the plate which is rigidly fixed on one party, and on three other parties is considered - the plate is free from fixing. Values of critical accelerations are received. The purpose of the work is to develop the method of calculation of plates on inertial loadings.

An information system for determination of elastic-plastic boundary of rods of rolled profiles was developed. Rods of rolled profiles are widely used in mechanical engineering and in the space industry specifically. There were no analytical methods that allow determining the elastic-plastic boundary of torsion rod until recently. Numerous experiments were necessary to determine the boundaries of the rods for different profiles for different torsional moments. The authors derived analytical expressions allowing to calculate the elastic-plastic boundary of rods of rolled profiles whose profile is limited by piecewise smooth curves. These formulas are given in this article. Computer programs are written based on the derived analytical expressions and the certificates of state registration of software are obtained. An information system for determination of elastic-plastic boundary of rods of rolled profiles was developed based on these computer programs. Use of the information system will reduce the time of the survey; increase the accuracy and reliability of the results. There is no need in expensive equipment for determination of elastic-plastic boundary of rods of rolled profiles due to information system. An information system for determination of elastic-plastic boundary of rods of rolled profiles on the platform of Google App Engine in Python has been developed. An open library of symbolic computation SymPy was used in the development of information system.

Error injection method for testing onboard processors’ fault-tolerance is proposed. It is based on the modification of the on-chip debugging method which uses the test port of the processor. Unlike the basic method, error injection is made by a built-in hardware error injector rather than by an external computer. An error injection system architecture is developed for the proposed method. Using the processor test port injection module can read the data with the required address in the internal memory; inject errors by inverting the required bit; write back data with injected errors by the initial address. An implementation example of the proposed system is demonstrated. The procedure of injecting and correcting a single failure in the processor on-chip memory is described. It is shown that the proposed method does not introduce much excessiveness in the core architecture of the processor. As a result of experiments about 90 % of injected errors were detected and at least 92 % of them were corrected. Implementation of the hardware injector provides greater autonomy and realistic testing of the processor’s fault-tolerance.

Nowadays the main power supply sources of artificial space satellites of the Earth and space vehicles (SV) are solar batteries (SB). However it is a source of power with nonlinear and unsteady internal resistance. Besides, their characteristics are to a great extent changed in operational process - SB generate maximum energy coming out of shadow of the Earth which decreases with battery warming-up. Further SB degrade by the influence of space ionizing radiation. At that there are also the difficulties with opening and supplying the demanded orientation. The most effective and stable source of energy can be the nuclear installations JNI). However the most important condition for their use is supplying of radiation safety by the storage at factory conditions and transportation wherefore a transporting container is used. The original construction of the container for NI SV, the most important element of which is a metallic rubber shock-absorber that is a metallic composite consisted of metallic spiral pressed into rubber, is presented in the article. Its destination is in a decreasing of a vibration amplitude that prevents the container from damages during transportation. The nanopowder of carbon was previously introduced into rubber for increasing the physical-mechanical and operational characteristics of shock-absorber.

This paper describes a students’ project of nano-satellite “SibCube”. The paper defines the goals (there is description of educational and science goals) and tasks of the students’ project “SibCube”. There is also an analysis of the physical conditions and technical problems related to weight and size limitations of CubeSAT satellites. This paper also includes identification key problems of CubeSAT satellites research activity and ways to solve these key problems. It should be noted that there is such a research activity as a new element basis testing and new space technology testing. In particular, a board system of control that is executed on the “system on chip ” technology and equipment that support the telecommunication standard SpaceWire are the current goal of testing for “SibCube” student project. A testing of application of the new element basis and the new space technology is topical as a result of a conservatism of the space industry. What is more, it might be noted that there is a limitation of the home produced element basis in the Russian Federation. Nowadays, it is popular to speak about an import substitution. The necessity of having the own element basis is clear for such large field of the Russian Federation as the satellite construction and the space industry on the whole. However, testing of this basis is required for using this element basis because spacecraft developers prefer to use an element basis with a high reliability that have already been tested in a space conditions. What is more, the concept of modular and scalable performance spacecraft platform as well as techniques to achieve modularity and scalability of an architecture for CubеSAT construction and board system of control at a construction and systems engineering levels are included in this paper.

We study the problem of the possibility of creating a system of weightlessness simulation in ground conditions for large spacecraft. It is proposed to simplify and unify the system design of weightlessness simulation for mobile elements transformed mechanisms SC by the control unit on the basis of the computer and the microcontroller, appropriate software and the necessary number of modules weightlessness simulation. The proposed system simulate weightlessness, does not limit the area of installation and assembly work with the spacecraft, i. e. may be located in the shops equipped with an overhead crane or crane girders, not interfering with their work, that is, can be mounted in place on the walls, the ceiling and in the folded position does not occupy a working space over the spacecraft. The system simulating weightlessness allows weightlessness simulation structural elements having different speed and overcome the complex motion path during the expansion, so it is possible to constantly keep the whole object in general weightlessness state. In addition the system allows the simulation of weightlessness shoot weight characteristics (via the load cell) during ground tests - experimental specification parameters for physical development of mechanisms disclosure of antenna systems of the spacecraft. They are subsequently used to better simulate weightlessness when disclosing antenna systems of the spacecraft. The substantiation of the prospects of this system simulate weightlessness is given, its advantages in comparison with other systems simulate weightlessness is indicated.

The paper presents the results of the calculation of dynamically unbalanced rotor vibration for an active magnetic bearing reaction wheel with angular momentum 1 N·m·s. Forces, required to keeping the rotor in contactless position, and the critical speeds in working angular velocity ranges are determined. Calculation is performed for various magnitudes of stiffness and damping coefficients of magnetic suspension and for various working angular velocity ranges. Required mass of rotor, axial and equatorial moments of inertia are determined by means of developed parametric 3D-model of rotor for every speed range. Maximum permissible eccentricity of the rotor, which describe the static imbalance, and maximum permissible angle between the geometrical axis of the rotor and its principal central axis of inertia, which characterize couple unbalance, are determined using the value of rotor mass and the desired residual unbalance in each correction plane. Calculation shows, that center of mass of spinning rotor perform mainly radial translations, generated due to the presence of static unbalance. The amplitude of the resulting oscillation of the rotor is 17 μm for a working angular velocity range 0-9000 RPM and 13 μm for the range 0-18000 RPM. The first critical speed of the rotor corresponds to the resonant frequency of its radial oscillations. In the range 0-18000 RPM there is an additional critical speed due to the fact that the equatorial moment of inertia of rotor exceeds the axial moment of inertia. There is the phenomenon of self-centering of the rotor in the overcritical regions. Results of rotor dynamic calculation make it possible to formulate the basic data for choosing a rotor speed range, air gaps in back-up bearings, gaps between rotor and stator of magnetic bearings, stiffness and damping coefficients of magnetic suspension.

The article focuses on the creation of thin-walled structures using a dimensionally stable integral partial crosslinked. Relevance of the work is due to the increasing requirements for aerospace structures, increase structural strength and reduce its weight. Using the method of partial cross-linked is possible to create integrated designs underweight, due to the absence of mechanical fasteners, and high structural strength is achieved by molding the various structural elements in one work cycle. The question of a dimensionally stable thin-walled structures made of polymeric composite materials, used in outer space, in terms of the degree of cure of the binder is considered. The degree of cure of the binder can be expressed in terms of the desired property of the final product. A brief description and comparison of modern methods of determining the degree of cure of the binder is given. It is shown that an advantage of the method of analysis is a dielectric capable of monitoring the curing process in real time. The theory of the method of the dielectric analysis to determine the extent of curing thermosetting, in particular epoxy resins used in the polymer composites is briefly discussed. The technological equipment with forced heat sink for the manufacture of integrated structures of polymeric composite materials by partial curing is used. As the coolant water was used. Experimental evaluation of performance tooling for forming integrated structures of polymer composite materials is made. The performance of tooling for forming integrated structures using partial cross-linked is shown. It is determined that for the method of partially curing the most appropriate method to determine the degree of cure is the dielectric analysis. The results can be used for the design and fabrication of integrated structures from polymeric composites, molded in one process cycle using the method of partially curing the binder.

According to the research preparation methods to ensure uniformity of distribution of nanoparticles (inhibitors) in terms of the cobalt binder and the formation of nanostructured fragments in hard metal composites are proposed. Our research shows that the working life of various hard metals composites and tools is extended by modification with nanoparticles and subsequent thermomechanical treatment, too. This paper introduces the concept of coated particles of carbides by ceramics nanoparticles as starting method for improved hard metals nanostructured composites. A computer simulation study of the consolidation process of spherical particles of different sizes is presented. The study of microstructural parameters by scanning electron microscopy in combination with x-ray phase analysis indicates a high statistical homogeneity of the relative distribution of composite components (grain of tungsten carbide, titanium carbonitride, layer of metal binder and inclusions of nanoparticles) and a result increase the strength of binder and composite as a whole.

Silicon is the main material of nanotechnology and solar energy. In our days a lot of structures based on silicon have unique and useful properties which can help to deal with applied problems. One area of silicon application is the creation of silicon-based photovoltaic converters for space and aviation equipment. In the future, photovoltaic devices based on silicon can be made from the materials contained in the lunar soil, and silicon will form the basis for the development of space solar power. Control of the elemental composition and physical properties of materials used in space materials science plays an important role, accordingly necessary to improve the methods of research materials. The methods of research materials are developed both in technological direction and the direction of the processing and interpretation of experimental data. One of the widely used methods of surface investigation is electron spectroscopy. At the entrance and exit of the surface electrons generate surface excitations which share quantitative information on the various processes of interaction of electrons with matter. The intensities of Auger electron and photoelectron peaks depend both on the probability of inelastic scattering within the solid, and the surface layer. The probability of generating an electron surface excitations with a single act of interaction with the surface is called the surface excitation parameter that is the most convenient value to describe the effect of surface excitations on the intensity of the Auger electrons and plays an important role in quantitative analysis in Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy. In this work energy loss spectra of reflected electrons were obtained for the series of samples of Si. Samples were obtained with different technical conditions and some of them have different crystallographic orientation. Energy loss dependence of inelastic mean free path and differential inelastic electron scattering cross-section were calculated. We have suggested a new method of determination of surface excitation parameter, based on fitting of these spectra with the Tougaard’s Three-parameter Universal cross-section.

The results of theoretical and experimental researches of vibration processes during boring of the constructional steels stock are stated in this paper. The new design of the boring bar is offered with the purpose of high technology introduction in manufacture of the mechanical and space engineering products. The design of assembling boring bar reduces the vibration amplitude at the expense of the increased stiffness both amplified damping of cross and angular fluctuations. It is provided with displacement of the mass centre of bar to an edge of a replaceable hard alloy metal plate and filling of the "weighted" bar part by the powder raised density material. The rubber packing (soft and hard) provides regular viscosity. It promotes partial restriction of the flow density of the itinerant valence electrons thermo-EMF during cutting from the technological machine through the cutting tool on preparation or in other situations in the opposite direction and stimulates the resistance to cutting reduction. The internuclear interactions in the preparation material at cutting, which are estimated by size by chemical metal connection, do not exceed 90 kJ/mol. The experimental researches of vibration amplitudes and work ability of new boring bar in the process precision boring of a steel pipe (30HGSA) demonstrate reduction of vibrational acceleration amplitude in 3 times in comparison with a typical boring bar design and improvement of roughness - in 1,85 times. Partially the results of work are used at the base enterprise for production details for oil industry equipment.

The article emphasizes the importance of market behavior of the aerospace enterprises in terms of the effectiveness of the system of value creating and delivering. Optimization of business-architecture, implementation of the process approach and ensuring of a high adaptability process of value creating and delivering are identified as key tasks for all of the aerospace company’s management. On the basis of the practice of implementation of the process approach in Russian aerospace enterprises the main problems in the construction of business processes of market behavior are described. The most difficult moments of the implementation of the process approach to the management of the enterprise market behavior are identified: a narrow understanding of the business processes of strategic management; the complexity of establishing of a system of indicators to measure the effectiveness of processes; lack of relevance of the existing system of management accounting information needs necessary for strategic and operational decisions; delayed result of the company in the market; insufficient attention to the construction of the active monitoring of the environment and risk management and, as a consequence, flexible review and audit business development strategies; set of conditions internal and external environment (type of activity, organizational and legal form, industry, corporate culture, resources and capabilities, and so on.) of each of organization to create standard rules of market behavior; serious dependence of the efficiency of business processes for managing market behavior of the whole system of management of the company. What ’s more, the basic problems of the implementation of the process approach to the overall management system of the enterprise are defined. The article describes the main stages of implementation of the process approach to the management of market behavior of aerospace enterprises aimed at the continuous improvement activity in the market and enhance customer satisfaction and characteristics of each of the steps.

This article is devoted to the problem of the innovation infrastructure in the region. The aim of this paper is to define the conceptual framework for building the innovation infrastructure. The purpose and problems of innovative infrastructure are presented in the article. The article tells about approaches to the definition of the term of "innovative infrastructure" as an economic category. In the article the concept of innovative infrastructure was formulated, its interrelation with such economic categories, as "the innovative environment", "the innovative potential", "national innovative system" is shown. The innovative infrastructure has to solve the following problems, they are: creating favorable conditions of innovative development, association in uniform system of all innovative processes, rendering financial support of development of the innovative enterprises, assistance to creation of the transparent mechanism of an investment in an innovation of the state resources, providing and growth of the competition, decrease in risks of innovative activity and others. In the article the classification of elements of innovative infrastructure is offered. In the article the functions of innovative infrastructure of the region are considered, they are: providing with resources and their effective use, organizational and administrative function, function of stimulation of innovative activity. In the article the principles of creation of innovative infrastructure are formulated: systemacities, multilevelness of creation of its elements, interconditionality, interdependence and unity of elements, flexibility, associativity to stages of innovative process of the military-industrial complex, functionality, efficiency. The creation of the model of innovative infrastructure is based on the principles which are the instrument of realization of functions of innovative infrastructure.

Innovative development of defense enterprises, including manufacturing re-equipment and innovation investment is one of the priorities of government policy. This task requires new approaches to defense enterprise management system and to an education system for management and engineering of defense enterprises. At the same time, the priority state policy task at the education sphere is providing a high quality of education. An improvement of quality evaluation of professional education is necessary to implement the new policy. The aim of this research is a development of education quality evaluation methods improvement, the methods of system quality management in the field of university management, the recommendations for inclusion a number of criteria indicators in the Federal indicators system of University quality evaluation. Developed technique can be used for university’s self-examination, self-evaluation and for creation of its own quality management system. A new approach for the permanent public monitoring of functioning and for development of state professional education system is presented in the article, the improvement of education quality evaluation in the Russian Federation with the involvement of all stakeholders in the quality management processes is proposed.

Outsourcing is an effective way to reduce the costs of organization, to improve the quality of products, as well as reallocation the resources. By transferring the manufacturing process to other organizations Joint-Stock Company “Scientific & Industrial Centre “Polyus” for its part provides the control over such process. In this case, there are potential problems associated with the lack of outsourced process control or its part, the leak of information regarding the uniqueness of development, unfair execution of the duties, and dependence of the total production process on the work of organization-executor. To solve these problems and to manage the outsourcing process in the organization the standard that regulates an order of the relations with the organizations-executor and control methods of their activities in the performance of contractual obligations is developed and implemented. Outsourcing is neither the purpose nor the mean of management. The proper use of outsourcing process with properly management plays a decisive role in the fundamental transformation of the organization, covering people, processes, culture and the production costs. To resolve all issues arising in the relations with organization-executor in the performance of contractual obligations, the Joint-Stock Company “Scientific & Industrial Centre “Polyus” established a working group to manage the outsourced process. The working group provides the inspections of the quality management system functioning, evaluation of technical and organizational capabilities, checking production in control points, and supervision over the production, analysis of workmanship, involving in research and analysis the reasons of nonconformities, planning the necessary arrangements. The data obtained by means of such control methods are used in the analysis of quality management system of the organization. Based on this analysis the conclusion about suitability, adequacy and effectiveness is made, including the adequacy of management the outsourcing process and its economic efficiency in order to create a list of reliable suppliers. The outsourcing process that properly planned and developed and effective management of such process allows the organization to optimize the activity and receive the maximum benefit by transferring non-core functions to organization-executor and focusing the efforts on primary activities.