Vol 17, No 1 (2016)

The task of recovering probability density function of continuous random variable from finite independent sample is considered in the paper. The author investigates the building of projective estimation of probability density function in the case when probability density f ( x ) is not square integrable, i. e. function f ( x ) is outside of the functional Hilbert space L 2 . In this case a convergence condition of density estimation to true density doesn’t hold even with using optimal coefficients. Probability density functions, which is outside the L 2 space, occurs even in model distributions, for example, in chi-square distribution with number of freedom k = 1 . For solving this task one introduces an L 2, w functional space, which is expansion of the L 2 space. Properties of the introduced space are investigated in the paper. One shows that for any positive Lebesgue measurable function w ( x ) it is also Hilbert. Moreover, discernibility of elements remains true in expansion from L 2 to L 2, w . A statement that probability density function of any continuous random variable belongs to some L 2, w space is proved. Besides, establishing separability of the introducing space is found important, because only in this case sequence of projective estimations converges to true density. The author proved that any space of L 2, w kind, which contains L 2 , is separable, so it is possible to build projective estimation of probability density function in this space. Obtained theoretical results were tested on series of numerical experiments. Results are included in the paper. This paper contains the results which are about estimating of probability density function of chi-square distributed random variable and also variate which has probability density that is outside L 2 and contains two points where it converges to +¥ . The results let us make a conclusion that suggested method can be used in probability density function estimating even in cases when that density is outside L 2 .

On the territory of Krasnoyarsk region and Irkutsk region in Russia the extraction of coal by opencast methods is produced. In these regions there are 13 large coal pits. Open-pit mining causes significant damage to the environment. Ecological restoration in areas of coal pit is produced through the production of work on recultivation of disturbed lands. Carrying out monitoring of the changing state of natural landscapes in areas of coal mining can be quite effective with the use of remote sensing of the Earth. According to the results of remote sensing, long-term trends in the transformation of local ecosystems on the waste sections of the Irsha-Borodino and Azejskiy coal deposits have been built. The results show that the artificial forest plantations in the forestry reclamation gradually pass into the category of mixed forest with birches, willows, etc. The paper presents the results of forest reclamation on spoil piles formed during the mining of the Irsha-Borodino lignite and Azejskiy coal deposits. On the perfectly-planned surfaces of spoil dumps, the formation of gullies partially destroys the results of work on forest reclamation. With the use of remote-sensing results, catchment of educated, active gullies are investigated; the most common geometric shape of the ravines in the plan is observed. Overall, the results of remote sensing and field studies suggest that the situation with forest intensive reclamation in the studied areas is generally favorable and is balanced in shaping forest ecosystems at abandoned areas of coal deposits. However, in the course of mining-ecological monitoring untoward conditions involving the water erosion on the relief areas with forestation have been marked, which ultimately leads to the formation of gully systems, with ever-expanding dimensions.

In this article we develop causes of occurrence of integration necessity for information systems used on aerospace enterprises. We also show the main tools of product life cycle control and information systems for general enterprise administration. Moreover we define sources of negative influence on administrative reactions quality and represent the decision which can increase control efficiency. The approach to design of the integrated information control system is suggested and its core is described. General aspect of all functional tools is defined to represent it as a link between different information systems. Possibility of development of a new abstract level is described to integrate through it different functional information systems used on the enterprise where the term of work is proposed as a logical integration link. A positive effect of suggested approach for integration of information control system is illustrated. Possibility of classification of all enterprise perform activities by the main manufacturing phases and product structure belonging is considered by the example of ISS methodical documents. The examples of classifiers developed on the base of ISS normative documents are given and their advantages are explained. Necessity to expanse functional of the project control system which heads the suggested tool which is the base for integration of information systems used on the enterprise is pointed out. A positive effect reached by the contact phase coordination at the top control level with performer activities is discussed and the possibility of accumulated data usage to specify and justify project characteristics at the contract award stage is defined. Conclusions about usage practicability of suggested approach to enterprise control system integration are made.

The process of urban power supply network development is connected with need calculation and accounting a large number of parameters, possible development ways and complexity of their assessment. These circumstances require the introduction of new technologies for solving specified task. Declaration of author’s developed computer-aided design system (CAD system) ELNET for the task solution automation of perspective urban power supply network development is presented in article. Description of models, methods and algorithms based in the CAD system are given. CAD allows to create, correct, calculate parameters, look through and print models of urban power supply networks. ELNET consists of six connected modules: graphic module, control module (dispatcher), input/output module, solutions module, calculations module, reference data base. System possesses the friendly graphical interface allowing ease using. In CAD ELNET mathematical basis puts designed by author mathematical model of urban power supply network presentation as directed weighted graph and two methods of solving urban power supply network development task: the reduction method to the set of enclosed global minimization tasks and decomposition method. Both methods suggest dividing a given task into three subtasks of smaller dimension: 1. Subtask of definition the number and locations of new substations. 2. Subtask of definition the connection way of new consumers to network. 3. Subtask of definition the optimum connection way of new substations to the existing network. The optimization algorithms of subtasks solution are realized by the author. For solving subtask 1 three algorithms are designed and realized: algorithm based on the k-averages method; algorithm realizing the method of dividing clustering; heuristic algorithm. For solving subtask 3 three algorithms are also offered: heuristic algorithm of the reduced enumeration; genetic algorithm; algorithm based on constructing Voronoi diagrams. To solve subtask 3 the genetic algorithm is applied. Technical solutions represented in the article allow reducing time of design and increasing the quality of design decisions.

This paper describes a new methodological approach to development of planar aeronautical constructions reinforced by curvilinear fibers sets. The structural model of composite in terms of the planar non-homogeneous thermoelasticity problem in the case of curvilinear coordinates is used to simulate the problem. The resolving system of differential equations is obtained. The direct problem and the inverse problem of a material reinforcement are stated on the basis of this system. The boundary conditions are defined for curvilinear coordinates. The resolving system of differential equations with radial and circular movement’s variables is obtained for an axisymmetric problem. This system is a second-order differential equations system, highest derivatives of which are not isolated. The effective numerical method which takes into account the factors of the resolving system for a reinforced material is designed. Different mixed configurations of two sets of curvilinear trajectories are considered for the direct problem when a planar construction is under conditions of axisymmetric strain. The following examples are described: the logarithmic spiral trajectories set and the set of trajectories isogonal to it (to logarithmic spiral), the Archimedean spiral trajectories set and the “wheel spokes” trajectories set, the logarithmic spiral trajectories set and the “wheel spokes” trajectories set. Effective reinforcement structures and reasonable reinforcement structures are studied. The reinforcement power is considered with subject to additional conditions of fibers cross-sections constancy. It corresponds to the industrial process conditions. The reinforcement effectiveness integral characteristic is defined. It is called an “armature spending”. Its properties are studied for different initial states of an industrial process and for different curvilinear trajectories of reinforcement by two curvilinear fibers sets. The inverse problem for a plate which is symmetric with respect to its median surface is stated. A plate consists of a binding material layer and an armature layer. Layers are thin. A plate has a plain stress condition. The temperature is constant across a plate cross-section. A binding material layer is isotropic and equal cracking resistant.

Speech is the main modality for human communication. It can tell a lot about its owner: their emotions, intelligence, age, psychological portrait and others properties. Such information can be useful in different fields: in call centres for improvement in the quality of service, in designing Spoken Dialogue Systems for better adaptation of a system to users’ behaviour, in the automatization of some processes for analysing people’s psychological state in a situation with a high level of responsibility, for example, in a space programme. One such characteristic is the Interaction Quality. The Interaction Quality is a quality metric, which is used in the field of Spoken Dialogue Systems to evaluate the quality of human-computer interaction. As well as in Spoken Dialogue Systems, the Interaction Quality can be applied for estimating the quality of human-human conversations. As with any investigation in the field of speech analytics, for modelling the Interaction Quality for human-human conversations a specific corpus of task-oriented dialogues is required. Although there is a large number of speech corpora, for some tasks, as, for example, for Interaction Quality modelling, it is still difficult to find appropriate specific corpora. That is why we decided to generate our own corpus based on dialogues between the customers and agents of one company. In this paper we describe the current state of this corpus. It contains 53 dialogues, corresponding to 1165 exchanges. It includes audio features, paralinguistic information and experts’ labels. We plan to extend this corpus both in the feature set and in the observations.

The paper describes the problem of finding an optimal control strategy for the manpower control system. The equilibrium condition for the strict hierarchical manpower system control is stated which enables development of optimal strategy algorithm for one state example. Based on the equilibrium condition, the novel approach to the determination of optimal control in such system is described. Optimal tracking algorithm is described by example, which is implemented in MathematicaTM. The tracking algorithm is able to find the optimal values of the transition coefficients, so that the system achieves the desired value in one step. For the case when the desired value is not achievable in one step due to the boundary conditions, additional two algorithms are considered which bring state values to the desired ones in several steps. Two variants of the algorithm are considered, when the desired value is lower or greater than the initial value.

In the case of one complex variable, many traditional set of uniqueness in the class of analytic functions is the set containing the limit point. The most famous variety of uniqueness in the multivariate case is a “real” neighborhood of a point. For a certain class of many domains of uniqueness in the multidimensional case can be reduced. For example, in the works of S. V. Znamenskii a countable subset on the skeleton of polydisc, the value of a holomorphic function is restored throughout polydisc are specified. Perhaps the function can be continued in a larger area. In the works of J. Hadamard, G. Mittag-Lefler, Le Roy, Lindelof the so-called summation methods that give good results for analytic continuation of a power series in the case of star fields of the complex plane have been proposed. Further, for the one-dimensional case, in the works of N. At. Arakelyan the restoration of the analytical element using the universal matrix methods of summation in class helical regions was obtained. The present work is devoted to the restoration of analytic functions defined on a countable set of uniqueness skeleton of polydisc, in the helical region, called (m,α) is the star of the Mittag-Lefler of this function. Recovery is carried out using multidimensional matrix methods of summation of multiple power series, which are constructed using one-dimensional matrix methods of summation of power series. While testing a multivariate matrix methods of summation of multiple power series are performed using a one-dimensional exponentially.

The development of “Machine-to-machine” interaction couldn’t but affect aviation sphere worldwide. It is based on the data exchange between machines without participation of a person. It considerably simplifies the process of monitoring of objects. Application of wireless types of communication allows to provide control of remote objects, including the mobile. One of such types of communication is GSM communication. Thanks to rather wide covering, communication of GSM is used for the data transmission of location and sensors of mobile object. However the territory of the Russian Federation has incomplete coverage by GSM communication. For monitoring of aircrafts it is necessary to involve satellite communication in such areas. It is offered to use satellite group of the Iridium company for ensuring access to communication in remote areas of flights of aircrafts. The key feature of Iridium satellites, full coverage of a terrestrial surface, became the communication defining at a choice of a reserve way. The module of data transmission Iridium 9602 conforms to the requirements put by the authors of work to the device. Transfer of a package of data on 340 bytes allows to lower costs of satellite communication. From the point of view of economic indicators, reservation by the communication Iridium of GSM became the optimum decision. First of all, it is connected with the cost of services in providing communication. Thus, at the inaccessible GSM channel the Iridium channel will be involved. Basic elements of the experimental device are: the microcontroller, the satellite Iridium 9602 modem, the GSM module, the GPS/GLONASS MGGS2217 module, a high-frequency reception and the transferring antennas. Placement of the device of monitoring onboard the aircraft will allow to receive these locations and speeds with precisely established interval. The analysis of the market of similar devices showed that the main and only communication channel in such blocks - communication of GSM. The devices equipped with modules of satellite communication transmit data through Inmarsat satellites communication with which is difficult in subpolar areas.

The work is devoted to the study of heat transfer in microchannels on the basis of filamentary monocrystals of silicon of the heat exchange elements for telecommunication systems, space technology, management module land-based. The aim of this work is to develop mathematical models and conduct numerical modeling of heat and mass transfer for a microchannel heat exchanger hybrid thermal protection system on the basis of silicon single crystals. The thermal protection system must ensure stable operation of the electronic equipment in a wide range of ambient temperatures (from minus 40 to plus 60 °C) and temperature control should be within ±0.1 °C. The overall dimensions of heat exchanger are correlated with the size of electronic components. A variant of the heat exchanger based on the matrix of filamentary crystals of silicon that allows you to create a large surface area providing high heat removal of up to 100 W/cm2 is offered. By the developed technology prototypes have been produced. The mathematical model that best describes the processes of heat and mass transfer in microchannel heat exchangers, defined the proper boundary conditions has been developed. Numerical modeling of heat and mass transfer has been conducted. The dependences of the differential pressure, temperature, flow cooler, identified approaches for determining geometric characteristics of effective edge-based single crystals have been built. The dependences of the temperatures of single-crystal fin from its height and spatial location have been determined. The critical modes of the system have been researched. To optimize the thermal and hydraulic characteristics of the proposed new design of heat-exchange elements made of single crystal silicon for further research has been offered.

The article presents the results of the performed computational and experimental studies of the influence of the propeller diameter on the acoustic characteristics of the power plant (PP) by the light aircraft to determine the method of community aircraft noise reduction of this class of aircraft by changing the diameter of the propeller while maintaining the aerodynamic and geometric similarity and propellers invariance of the rotation frequency. The experimental method is based on a comparative analysis of the measured under static conditions of acoustic characteristics by the power plants of light propeller aircraft MAI-223M and F30, differing only in the propeller diameter and thus tip speeds at a constant frequency of rotation propellers. Calculated estimate is based on semiempirical method for calculating propellers noise. As a result of the research it has been found that a slight decrease in the diameter of the propellers on the 3.3 % leads to the reduce of the total noise power plant light aircraft by 1.5 dB. At the same time the estimated value of the expected reduction of tonal loading propeller noise is 1.2 dB. The difference between the calculated and experimental data is explained by the fact that the calculation does not take into account the thickness noise. Based on semiempirical model propeller noise ratio is obtained to determine the effect of the propeller diameter on the load propeller noise on the condition of the geometric and aerodynamic similarity propellers, and at a constant rotation frequency. Comparison of sound power levels of high-frequency broadband radiation (1000-5000 Hz) PP aircraft MAI-223M and F30, with aerodynamically similar propellers of different diameters, showed that the difference in the sound power level may be related not only to the difference in the diameter of the propellers but the presence of other sources of noise generation related to the arrangement of the power plant for propeller aircraft (particularly wrap inductive flow from the propeller the inlet oil cooler of the engine).

The problem was set up of creation of cryogenic actuating mechanisms for transformable space structures. The main issues were emphasized relating to the implementation of the task to create the described devices. The wide area of application and the demand for high-accuracy low-temperature mechanisms were demonstrated. The relevance of the described articles for domestic projects, such as Millimetron, was separately noted. The prototypes forming the basis for the development of the subject matter were demonstrated, and with their examples the consistency of the results was illustrated enabling to reduce costs to be incurred at the time of transition to the design and manufacture of test samples of the product with new properties. As the first stage of development of the claimed subject matter the reworking was proposed of a well-proven engine which is suitable in terms of a number of features and had been used previously in articles with a similar purpose but with a different temperature range. The completed works, the options of embodiment of test samples, the first test in the liquid nitrogen environment, and the functionality check were reported. Further to the research in the claimed area, the conducted experiments showing the functionality of test samples in the liquid helium environment were reported. The unit was described; the diagram and sequence of tests in the liquid helium environment were demonstrated. Comparisons were performed between the electric parameters of samples of different design. Both samples demonstrated the prospective viability of the adopted design and engineering solutions. The problem was set up and the prospects were defined for the nearest future of development of high-accuracy low-temperature vacuum linear electromechanical drives. The results of designing and testing of test samples at helium temperatures (4.2 К) were reported.

The polymeric cables with load-carrying capacity to 60 tons are widely applied in the modern lifting and transport equipment at the enterprises of the aerospace industry. The surface of a steel pulley at contact to a polymeric cable has a rubber covering for creation of demanded traction ability. Thus we have next requirements to properties of rubbers for coverings simultaneously: the maximum value of friction coefficient (tractive ability), high wear resistance (wear life), high loading ability (absence of catastrophic wear of rubber) and lifetime of a surface layer of rubber (absence of fatigue cracks for all service life). The contact of rubber and cable made from high modulus polyethylene (HMPE) was considered in the given article. Questions of a choice of structures of rubber for creation of rubber coverings on working surface heavy-loaded pulleys of the lifting and transport equipment of the aerospace industry at contact to a polymeric cable are experimentally solved. Structures of rubber were estimated on base of them frictional properties and loading ability. The design of the stand of back-and-forth motion and technique of researches of a friction coefficient and wear of rubbers is described. The stand design includes crank-and-rod mechanism, loading system of the samples and system of measurement of friction coefficient. At tests at the stand probably change of speed of back-and-forth motion of samples from 0.02 to 0.5 m/s. Pressure upon surfaces of a friction of samples can be regulated in a range from 0.2 to 20 МПа. It depends on weight of cargoes and the sizes of samples. Measurement of friction coefficient was spent by means of strain-gauge unit. Value of a signal from an exit strain-gauge unit was measured by digital remembering oscillograph PCS-500A working complete with the computer. The wear of rubber was defined by the method of artificial bases. Experimental dependences of a friction coefficient and intensity of wear process at pressure upon contacting surfaces of rubber and a cable are receivedSurvey of surfaces of rubber after wear process and supervision over a course of experiments have shown that in this case there is a fatigue wear process of rubber that corresponded to the beginning of separation of rubber macro particles. It is established that at certain pressure the established mode of wear process (linear dependence) passes in the catastrophic Sizes of critical pressure for all investigated rubbers are defined. Use of a finite elements analysis has allowed creating certainly-element model of contact of a cable with a surface of a rubber layer on a pulley. On the basis of the analysis of this model are studied durability of layers of various rubbers from the point of view of formation of fatigue cracks and their durability on wear process.

Honeycomb structures with potted inserts are extensively applied in various spacecrafts. Three layer honeycomb structure comprises two thin skins acting as load bearing layers with lightweight and less strong honeycomb core placed in between supporting the load bearing layers. The inserts potted into the three layer honeycomb structure are intended for equipment, harness and waveguide integration and panel to panel joints. It is necessary to consider a number of factors such as proper selection of the core height, skin thickness, core size and the insert itself. There is either almost no attention paid to this matter in various reference sources and scientific papers both by Russian and international researchers, or no research is conducted in this area at all. To acquire a reasonable solution to this matter it is necessary to perform research efforts related to testing the honeycomb structures with potted inserts. It is necessary to study in detail the effect of the honeycomb core, load bearing layers, insert dimensions on the load bearing capacity of the three layer structure in general. Also, it is necessary to perform proper processing of the experimental and estimation results. The data resulting from this investigation will be employed in spacecraft three layer honeycomb structures design and manufacturing activities.

This paper analyzes the aspects of space activities in its modern state, characteristics and trends of sustainable development. The importance and value of space activities and the space industry are defined in various aspects. A broad interpretation of the category “space activities” is marked by official sources. The main directions of space activities include: development, manufacture and operation of unmanned spacecraft; space exploration using manned spacecraft and manned space stations; provision of services to launch spacecraft to domestic and foreign customers; creation and use of land-based infrastructure. A brief description of each direction is given. The features of space activities based on the analysis of the scientific literature are formulated. The features of space activities are backed by official statistics. Stable trends of development of space activities include: globalization of space activities in view of expanding the number of participating countries; democratization of space activities as a process of reducing state control; increased use of public-private partnerships; advances in technology of space launch in the direction of the unification of launch vehicles; renewed interest in society to large-scale space projects implemented in the interests of fundamental science; increased economic attractiveness of the space market due to the empowerment of private capital; institutional development of space activities as a form of legal regulation of participants in space activities. The importance of the transformations which take place in the space industry and the relevance of the use of the project approach to the implementation of space activities are also noted.

Modern conditions of tough competition in the space sector requires specific organizational actions during the development of innovative strategies for development in view of the legal protection of intellectual activity results (RIA), concluded in the scientific and technical development of the enterprise. Therefore, taking into account the main objectives of the innovative development strategy of the enterprise, the strategy for the intellectual property protection is established, which implementation by the management of patent rights to acquisition of the patent portfolio will provide a competitive advantage in the space industry. While forming this strategy the following things have been identified: the objectives and tasks, principles, factors, basic mechanisms of implementation as well as indicators and marks. The fundamental factor to achieve the goals of the strategy of protection of intellectual property is the design materials of patent applications, taking into account the totality of the company’s interests with the performance requirements of the law regarding disclosure of the object in sufficient detail to implement it, but it is not possible to complete its creation by third parties without revealing the nuances. JSC “Information satellite systems” named after academician M. F. Reshetnev” was taken as the object of investigation in space industry. A brief description of the enterprise data on the situation at the world market of the production of communication satellites was presented. The stages of implementation of strategies to protect intellectual activity results: assessment of the current state of the market space industry, analysis of the state and trends of the legal protection of RIM in the space industry (external patent analysis), internal patent analysis JSC “ISS”, the selection of patentable RID subject to legal protection the selection of countries and patent systems, were also proposed. The development of the strategy at the space industry enterprise in terms of intellectual property protection will help senior management of the company to generate an algorithm of arrangements with the patenting, will provide the maximum preservation of confidential information, and also will provide an opportunity-based approach to the selection of objects, territories and the patent system itself.

Rocket and space industry is one of the sectors of the economy with research and innovation potential. The rocket and space industry is high-tech, diversified, producing innovative products not only competitive on the external market, but also superior to many Western counterparts. The development of innovative activity of enterprises is an important condition for solving problems of ensuring the country's defense. The innovative activities are carried out in conditions of uncertainty, which leads to the occurrence of risks related to the underfunding of projects, with the unstable economic situation in the country, with the tense geopolitical situation in the world. It raises the question about the choice risk management tools at each stage of the innovation process, allowing reducing losses and increasing the efficiency of innovative activity enterprises of rocket and space industry. The study examined various risk management methods including the evaluation and prediction risks. Evaluation and prediction of risks can be performed on the basis of quantitative methods, and using qualitative methods. The article discusses quantitative methods, which is determined by the numerical value of the probability of occurrence of risk events and their consequences; a quantitative assessment of the risk degree is established and valid in the situation. The proposed quantitative methods to assess and forecast risks in conjunction with each other will allow to anticipate adverse outcome events in the process of innovative activity enterprises of space-rocket industry, as well as to obtain a numerical assessment riskiness of the project, to determine the degree of influence risk factors on its efficiency.