Vol 3, No 1 (2003)

For last two decades frequency of revealing as minimal forms of a breast cancer, and carcinoma in situ considerably has increased. First of all it is connected to occurrence modern mammographic of engineering and introduction mammographic screening. However questions concerning optimum methods of treatment of a cancer in situ till now are not solved.

In the review the modern methods of the surgical and combined treatment of the given pathology are considered. The factors influencing risk of development of local relapses and metastasis at conserving treatment of a cancer in situ are in detail analyzed. The problems of a modern morphological classifications of disease are mentioned.

The influence of He-Ne laser 632,8 nm on voltage-gated potassium currents had been studied on the model of isolated neurons from Lymnaea stagnalis using the clamp technique with intracellular dialyze. The red light doses ranged from 0,7×10^-4J to 0,7×10^-3J and intensity was 1,5×10^-2 W/m² . The resulted revealed the dependence of postirradiation changes of ion currents amplitude on light dose and neuron’s initial functional state. It had been found that the processes of ion currents inactivation proceeded at a much faster rate as well as slower rate. This phenomenon was dependent on type of potassium channels of neuron membrane.

A group of sixty eight patients, 45 male and 23 female, from 18 to 30 years of age have been examined. The most of the patients had one or several factors of risk for infective endocarditis intravenous drug abuse including.

The clinical course within examined group of patients featured the right-sided heart disorder (97,5 %) accompanied by septicemia that was caused by Staphylococcus aureus (in 89,7 % of cases). The main syndromes of acute infective endocarditis were pulmonary emboli (64,7 % of occurrences), septicemia with acute Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) - 75 % of episodes, congenital heart failure (35,3 %) and nephropathy (100 % of cases).

In 74 % of episodes the disorder of the tricuspid valve was accompanied by the myxomatous degeneration of the other heart valves. The relation between the vegetation sizes, the complications types and the mortality rate was revealed.

The conservative treatment was successful in 72,1 % of cases. The hospital mortality was 27,9 % (19 patients).

Basing on the results of preventive outpatient examination of 436 persons we have compared the indices of blood pressure and lipid metabolism with the allelic condition of 12 genes associated with ischemic heart disease. For the majority of genes no significant correlations have been found. Only three genes make an exception - PAI1, AGT, and GSTM1. The intensified synthesis of Type I plasminogen activator inhibitor determined by a homozygous recurrence of 4G in the PAI1 promoter zone correlates significantly with systolic arterial hypertension and with a higher concentration of glucose in blood plasma. Significant correlations between the distribution of polymorphic alleles in the angiotensinogen gene (AGT) and the levels of diastolic arterial pressure and triglycerides in blood plasma have been revealed. Obviously, mutations in the promoter zones of the AGT and PAI1 genes affecting the level of their expression contribute to a certain extent to the genetic predisposition to arterial hypertension as the main factor of ischemic heart disease development. It is not occasionally that the deletion distribution of homozygotes in the GSTM1 gene of patients with different levels of triglycerides and cholesterol high-density lipoproteins has been registered. The incidence of null mutations goes down progressively in case of increasing threshold values of triglycerides and lowered cholesterol high density lipoproteins, which points at a possible antiatherogenic role of the glutathione-S-transferase μ-1 gene deletion polymorphism. No combined influence of the genetic markers of six different genes - APOCIII, APOE, PON1, ACE, F5, and PAI1 - upon lipid metabolism and blood pressure has been revealed. Thus, the correlations between genetic and metabolic ischemic heart disease risk factors are rather complicated and their comprehension is hardly possible without a complex approach considering the effect of non-genetic risk factors, external impacts, and the state of genetic systems controlling them.

A system of quantitative measures of medical service accessibility was worked out. Various aspects of regional health care, medical care, and transport were taken into account. The main efforts were focused on evaluation of territorial disparity caused by irregular location of population, hospitals, and medical centers. The system of measures was used for analysis of medical service in Komi Republic. The proposed approaches can be generalized for other northern regions of Russia.