Vol 339, No 5 (2018)

The article analyzes the factors of the operational, logistical and medical situation that have influenced the organization and content of treatment, prevention and evacuation measures. The data reflecting the results of the work of the medical service for the provision of medical care, in particular, surgical activity, have been obtained. Overall operability in health battalions was 46.7-61.2%, with penetrating wounds of the chest - 83.7-92.1%, with hip injuries with bone damage - 75.1-90.9%. In army hospitals, 23.2-48.3% of the wounded were operated. The overall mortality rate among those affected in combat was in the range from 1.1-2.8% (June) to 1.6-3% (July). The volume of evacuation from GBA to GBF was 31 to 65.9% of the wounded and from 16.9 to 49.6% of patients. In GBP, the operability for penetrating wounds of the chest was 14.6-44%, the abdomen - 10.5-18.9%, with hip injuries with bone damage - 23-26.1%. Among wound complications, a shock occurred in 0.1-0.3% of cases, gas infection - 0.1-2.7%. The lethality was within the range of 4.5-5.9%. In total, 230 thousand wounded and sick were returned to service - 25.5% of the personnel size of the fronts.

Thrombus formation in coronary heart disease is one of the most serious challenges for clinicians. According to research, it is a combination of antiplatelet drugs and other drugs that significantly affect the incidence and outcomes of acute vascular situations, improve the quality and life expectancy of patients. The experience of using the «double antiplatelet therapy» technique in 36 patients with coronary heart disease in various clinical circumstances shows its effectiveness and safety.

Method for sample preparation of environmental samples using a plague immune-magnetic sorbent is presented, which makes it possible to detect typical and antigenically modified strains of a plague microbe. The efficiency of the sorbent was evaluated in laboratory and field conditions, positive results were obtained in the study of artificially and naturally contaminated samples. The use of plague immunomagnetic sorbent provides selective concentration of material with a low content of pathogen and purification of samples from possible contamination by extraneous microflora. The proposed method is applicable in conducting a survey for the presence of a plague agent of a variety of potentially infected biotic objects (animals and ctenocephalides involved in the plague cycle) and abiotic nature in specific foci.

In the experiment 10 servicemen, who had experience of participating in combat operations and continuing military service, with the help of the Portable Psychophysiological Correction and Diagnostic System Module Compact identified optimal modes of conducting audiovisual stimulation (AVS) to optimize their functional state. Optimal modes of AVS when organizing and conducting corrective-restorative measures for military personnel against the backdrop of extreme professional loads are «Relaxation» and «Super-slow oscillations». These regimes are characterized by a relatively low frequency of light stimulation, which ensures high safety of the procedure, and their use is accompanied not only by a set of positive changes in neurovisceral regulation and bioelectrical activity of the cerebral cortex, signs of normalization of psychophysiological status, relief of psychoemotional stresses, but also positive perception by themselves servicemen.

The comparative results of the evaluation of the influence of the training techniques used in the aviation hospital for restoring the functions of the vestibular apparatus on the level of vestibular stability of pilots of maneuverable aviation and the training methodology that is part of the system of rational functional training developed on the basis of physical exercises developed by the authors are presented. After applying the experimental training method, a high training effect was obtained, in comparison with the control group: a significant improvement in the static coordination in terms of the Romberg sample and the illusions of counter-rotation; all pilots showed absolute vegetative resistance to the effect of negative factors of the functional Barany rotation chair test; vegetative reactions are eliminated in all pilots in the experimental group, the parameters of hemodynamics, the vegetative regulation of blood circulation, the biological age of the pilots were noticeably improved. Experienced training methodology has a positive effect on both vestibulosensory and vestibulo-vegetative resistance of the body and is more effective than the means and methods used to increase vestibular stability in the aviation hospital.

The features of the clinical course of infectious mononucleosis in military servicemen who undergo conscription military service are analyzed. A general clinical examination of 33 patients with infectious mononucleosis was performed on inpatient treatment in the infectious department of the 1602 military clinical hospital from 2015 to 2017. The clinical course of the disease is polymorphic, which makes early diagnosis difficult. Taking into account the presence of patients with acute tonsillitis syndrome in the clinical picture, the composition of the microflora of the oropharynx was studied, and the sensitivity of the isolated microorganisms to antibacterial drugs was determined.

Using the methods of auscultation of the temporomandibular joint and myotonometry of the masticatory muscles, the frequency of occurrence and severity of the course of their diseases in the Navy’s naval crew was determined. It was found that this pathology in this category of servicemen occurs in 14 and 6% of cases, respectively, in 30-54% of patients it has an average or severe degree of flow. It is recommended during the medical examinations of the crew to identify people who have clinical signs of these diseases and send them to military medical organizations to clarify the diagnosis and specialized treatment.

Twelve hundred adult patients with microbial eczema were examined. An assessment of the quality of life, analysis of concomitant pathology, clinical course of microbial eczema. A high degree of colonization by pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms was revealed. Microbial eczema reduced the ability to work and the quality of life (the index of assessing the quality of life of dermatological patients in the examined group was 16.9±1.12 points), which indicates a high degree of negative impact of the symptoms of the disease on the quality of life of patients.

The article examines the activities of all-union committee for assistance in servicing sick and wounded fighters and commanders of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, as well as the work of the Main Military Sanitary Directorate and the People’s Commissariat of Health of the USSR to eliminate shortcomings during the execution of the orders of the said committee for improvement of medical and sanitary services for hospitals.

On the basis of the S.M.Kirov Military Medical Academy in November 2017, the all-russian scientific and practical conference «Actual issues of maxillofacial surgery and dentistry» was held, dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the birth of Professor Slepchenko M.A. The conference was attended by heads of departments, faculty and students of the Academy and other universities of the country, heads of the departments of maxillofacial surgery and dentistry and dental offices of centralized hospitals, district (naval) hospitals and their branches, including treatment and diagnostic centers and consultative and diagnostic polyclinics, representatives of the dental community of the country. The reports were devoted to scientific and practical achievements in the field of maxillofacial surgery and dentistry, improving the methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases and injuries of the maxillofacial region.