Vol 68, No 3 (2019)

Introduction. It has been shown that the Milliflex® Quantum system (Merck, Germany) that combines a traditional method of membrane filtration and fluorescent staining of microcolonies can isolate and quantify microorganisms. Objective: to validate a procedure for the quantitative detection of microorganisms using the MiHiflex® Quantum system as an example. Material and methods. The study object was the Milliflex® Quantum system. For validation of the system, the investigators used 5 test strains as ready-to-use BioBall systems (Biomerieux, France); cassettes filled with the nutrient media trypticase soy agar and Sabouraud agar (Merck, Germany). Validation was performed in accordance with the requirements of the 14th edition of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation. Results. During the study, the investigators assessed the following parameters: accuracy, precision, linearity, quantification limit, and working range. The time of detection of test microbial strains, by using this procedure, depended on the type of an isolated microorganism and was 12-24 hours. All microorganisms were quantitatively calculated with an acceptable level of accuracy, repeatability, intra-assay precision, and linearity. The system could isolate the minimum number of cells (5-10 CFU). Conclusion. The advantages of the validated procedure include the convenience of recording the results, especially in comparison with the visual counting of mold fungi, where the detection of individual colonies is difficult in some cases. This procedure can be applicable to the analysis of a large number of various filterable samples, including water, intermediate products, and finished medicinal products.

Mycoses are often associated with biofilms that are microbial communities encapsulated in a polysaccharide-rich extracellular matrix. Species of yeast-like fungi belonging to the genus Candida are the most common pathogens that cause superficial, deep, and systemic mycoses. Microorganisms that make up the biofilm have recently demonstrated decreased susceptibility to most therapeutic drugs, which contributes to the long-term persistence of infection. At the moment, there is a new branch of preventive and therapeutic medicine, which needs pharmaceuticals to be designed to prevent the formation of biofilms or the destruction of the already formed ones. Recent technological advances have contributed to the elaboration of new approaches to investigating the formation of biofilms and their models and to accumulating extensive knowledge about the influence of different variables on biofilm formation, morphology, and architectonics. There is information on current methods for modeling Candida biofilms and on their advantages or disadvantages in their structure and mechanisms.

Introduction. The antiviral drug Acyclovir is widely used in medical practice. The new antiviral drug Ryamilovir has recently appeared on the Russian pharmaceutical market. Objective: to design suppositories containing 2 antiviral drugs: Acyclovir and Ryamilovir. Methods. The investigation used the following methods: thin layer chromatography (TLC), spectrophotometry, semipermeable membrane dialysis, and statistical processing of the results. Results. The composition of bases and excipients was selected: it is recommended to use cocoa butter and aerosil as a suppository base under pharmacy conditions and polyethylene oxide and glyciram under production-line conditions. Components were identified using TLC and quantified by spectrophotometry, which allows one to determine both components in one sample. Conclusion. The composition of the suppositories containing 2 antiviral drugs Acyclovir and Ryamilovir was designed. A procedure was proposed to identify components using TLC and quantitative spectrophotometric determination.

Introduction. A crisis may always occur in the development of pharmaceutical enterprises and industry as a whole; therefore, for the enterprises to continuously and sustainably operate, it is necessary to elaborate preventive tools that can predict crisis processes in advance. Objective: to create a bankruptcy assessment model for the sustainable development of Russian enterprises in the pharmaceutical industry. Material and methods. Econometric modeling was carried out using the financial statements of 266 pharmaceutical enterprises. Results. A model was created and tested, which was able to predict the probable bankruptcy of pharmaceutical enterprises. Conclusion. The results can be used to predict activities and to evaluate the performance of pharmaceutical enterprises.

Introduction. Giant hyssop (Lophanthus anisatus Benh.) is widely used in folk medicine; however, its biological effects have been insufficiently studied. There is information about the effect of biologically active components of giant hyssop on free radical processes, but the ways and mechanisms of this action have not been clarified. Objective: to establish the possibility of regulating free radical processes in the rat blood and its cytokinetic characteristics during cycle intake of giant hyssop extract Material and methods. The investigation was conducted on adult male Vistar rats. 70% alcohol giant hyssop herbal extract was obtained by a percolation method. Red blood cells were counted in a Goryaev chamber; reticulocytes in the smears were estimated after staining with brilliant cresyl blue. The cytokinetic indicators of rat erythrocyte balance were determined according to the procedure described by E.A. Lipunova and M.Yu. Skorkina. The levels of lipid oxidative modification products were measured by malondialdehyde content and those of erythrocyte membrane proteins was done by the accumulation of carbonyl groups that reacted with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. The levels of reduced glutathione in the red blood cells were estimated using by Ellman's method. Superoxide dismutase activity in the hemolysates was assessed from the inhibition of adrenaline autooxidation in an alkaline medium. Catalase activity was determined by a spectrophotometric method. Hemoglobin concentration was measured using the reagent kit (Olvex Diagnosticum); erythrocyte membrane protein levels were determined by the Lowry assay. Results. It was shown that ten-day intake of giant hyssop extract (75 mg/kg) substantially decreased the erythrocyte membrane protein counts of carbonyl groups, but did not change the level of thiol groups in the membrane proteins and that of malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione in erythrocytes. The administration of giant hyssop considerably enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the red blood cells. The use of great hyssop extract reduced the lifespan of mature red blood cells, but increased the delivery of young cells into the bloodstream, stimulating bone marrow hematopoiesis in the rats. Conclusion. The cycle use of great hyssop extract increases the level of antioxidant defense of erythrocytes and stimulates bone marrow hematopoiesis in rats.