Vol 71, No 4 (2022)

A textbook “Pharmacognosy. Workbook for practical classes” was developed in order to develop and improve the professional competencies of students studying in the specialty “Pharmacy” and improve the quality of students' assimilation of theoretical and practical material in one of the specialized disciplines – “Pharmacognosy”. The preparation based on many years of experience teaching the subject and taking into account modern recommendations of pharmaceutical and pedagogical science. Its use in the educational process contributes to the formation of students' knowledge, skills, and abilities to solve professional problems in the field of quality control and medical use of herbal preparations.

Introduction. According to Pharmacopoeial monograph 2.5.0101.18 “Achilleae millefolii herba” it’s indicated that in the stage of isolation from the raw materials acid hydrolysis using a mixture of ethyl alcohol 96% and concentrated hydrochloric acid 1% with following determination of the total flavonoids calculated on luteolin is necessary. Taking into account the fact that Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) contains the flavonoids, including 7-O-glucosides of luteolin (cynaroside) and apigenin (cosmosiin) which are hard to extract with acid hydrolysis, research shows an actual in terms of improving the methods of the quantitative determination of total flavonoids in the plant raw material.

Objective: to develop a method of quantitative determination of the total flavonoids in the herb of Achillea millefolium L.

Material and methods. Material of studies was served herb of Achillea millefolium L., harvested in 2020 and 2021, and also industrial sample from JSC “Krasnogorskleksredstva”

Differential spectrophotometry was used as a method of investigation, held according to Pharmacopoeial monograph 1.2.1.1.0003.15 “Spectrophotometry in ultraviolet and visible spectrum”. Spectral characteristics of water-ethanolic extraction was marked on spectrophotometer “Specord 40” (Analytik Jena AG, Germany) in a cuvette with layer thickness 10 mm.

Results. There was developed the methods for the quantitative determination of the total flavonoids in herb of Achillea millefolium L. We used the differential spectrophotometry method with the state standard sample of cynaroside at an analytical wavelength of 400 nm. The content of total flavonoids in the plant raw material is about 0,41±0,02 to 0,74±0,03% (calculated on cynaroside). The error of a single determination with a confidence level of 95% is ±6.70%.

Conclusion. In the result of the studies the expedience of the quality evaluation of Achillea millefolium herbs in substance of the total flavonoids calculated on cynaroside has been substantiated, and with saving a numerical statistic “The total flavonoids in the plant raw material should be not less 0,4%” according to Pharmacopoeial monograph 2.5.0101.18 “Achilleae millefolii herba”.

Introduction. The documents of the Pharmaceutical Prikaz (Aptekarskiy prikaz) have been little studied by pharmaceutical science. The analysis of the first prescriptions will reveal the range of medicines of the initial pores in the history of domestic pharmacy.

Objective: to identification of plant materials described in the earliest documents of the Aptekarskiy prikaz, dated September 1581.

Material and methods. Identification was carried out by comparing the ingredients of the recipe with the Antwerp Pharmacopoeia (1560) and the Russian text of the herbalist-healer "A pleasant flower garden of a garden of health" (1534).

Results. All 41 names of herbal remedies included in the first 3 prescriptions of the Aptekarskiy prikaz of 1581 have been identified and their modern names have been established.

Conclusion. All the names of the incoming herbal ingredients of the first recipes are pharmacopoeial, 37 (90%) out of 41 names of herbal remedies had Russian names.

Introduction. The disclosure of the pharmaceutical specialists’ professional opportunities of in the field of health protection is possible only through the formation of a stable cluster of health-saving competencies that form a catalog of professional requirements within various profiles of specialists.

Objective: methodological substantiation of professional competencies and profiling of positions of pharmaceutical specialists in the implementation of health-saving activities in society.

Material and methods. Position profiling was carried out using the method of expert assessments and their software statistical processing during the rank analysis of variance in the program Statistica 10.

Results. The necessity of forming special professional competencies of pharmaceutical specialists in the field of health protection, in particular, the ability and readiness of pharmaceutical specialists for personalized pharmaceutical counseling of the population, information support of medical specialists and activities in the field of pharmaceutical education, is substantiated. The positions of Pharmacist and Clinical Pharmacist were profiled with the allocation of qualification, competence and functional, social and personal profiles of these positions. It is proposed to include four labor functions in the professional standard "Clinical pharmacist" in the field of information and consulting support for the rational choice of pharmacotherapy, personification of pharmaceutical services, conducting preventive sanitary and educational activities and promoting a healthy lifestyle. The results of the expert assessment made it possible to determine the significance of competencies in the context of recommended pharmaceutical positions, confirmed the high level of expert expectations from these specialists in the implementation of their labor functions and allowed to form a contour of social and personal characteristics for the position of Clinical Pharmacist.

Conclusion. The key professional competencies of pharmaceutical specialists in the field of health care have been identified, amendments to a number of regulatory documents have been recommended, approximate reference profiles of specialists (Pharmacist and Clinical Pharmacist) have been developed to carry out activities in the field of public health protection.

Introduction. Derivatives of isoindoline-1,3-dione make up a large group of biologically active substances with a wide spectrum of action. The N-substituted phthalimide fragment is present in the structure of many drugs (thalidomide, talmethoprim, etc.). Therefore, it is relevant to obtain previously undescribed derivatives of isoindoline-1,3-dione, as well as to evaluate their pharmacological potential. Previously, the authors obtained new N-substituted derivatives of isoindoline-1,3-dione. This article presents the results of a study of the biological activity of these compounds.

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the acute toxicity of synthesized substances of a number of N-substituted derivatives of isoindoline-1,3-dione, evaluation of the biological activity in silico and in vivo for the least toxic compound.

Material and methods. Computer screening of biological activity was carried out using the PASS-online program. Prediction of acute toxicity – using the local version of the GUSAR software. For experimental evaluation of analgesic activity, the model "acetic acid cramps" was used when using sodium metamizole as a comparison drug, two models were included in the study of anti-inflammatory activity: "formalin edema of mouse paws" and "cotton granuloma in rats" when used as a comparison drug – diclofenac.

Results. As a result of screening of biological activity data on the presumed analgesic activity were obtained. The initial dosages for the study of acute toxicity in vivo were determined using the GUSAR software. According to the results of the assessment of acute toxicity in vivo, the least toxic compound was found from a number of N-substituted derivatives of isoindoline-1,3-dione – 2-([{4-nitrophenyl}imino](phenyl)methyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione Iа. It belongs to the 5^th class of toxicity – "practically non-toxic". Studies of biological activity in vivo have shown that compound Ia has pronounced analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.

Conclusion. It has been experimentally proved that 2-([{4-nitrophenyl}imino](phenyl)methyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione has low toxicity and exhibits pronounced analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity.

Introduction: Currently, drug electrophoresis does not lose its relevance and is used for treatment, prevention, and rehabilitation after various diseases. A limited list of drugs is suitable for this procedure, due to the specifics of the impact of physical factors on the molecule of the substance and excipients introduced in the dosage form. Objective: to study and analyze the extemporaneous formulation for the manufacture of solutions for electrophoresis both for the population and for medical organizations using the example of a production pharmacy in Kazan, as well as to conduct a structural analysis of the market for substances used for the extemporaneous manufacture of solutions for electrophoresis. Material and methods: the State Register of Medicinal Products for 2022, invoices of medical organizations and prescriptions from the population received by the production pharmacy for the period from 2017 to 2021 were used as objects of study. The study used the methods of structural analysis, documentary research, content analysis. Results: A range of substances used for the manufacture of solutions for electrophoresis at the federal level was identified, which is represented by 16 INNs under 74 names of pharmaceutical substances, the main share of substances is produced in Russia (70.3%). An analysis of the extemporaneous formulation over the past 5 years has shown that the demand for electrophoresis solutions remains at a consistently high level, which indicates the relevance of the topic under study. Conclusion. As a result of the study, an up-to-date nomenclature list of pharmaceutical solutions for drug electrophoresis was formed.