Vol XVII, No 1 (1910)

Publication of a copy of the Charter of the Russian Union of Psychiatrists and Neurologists: The union has a purpose. Union activities. Rights and obligations of members. On the closure of the Union.

In many intracranial diseases, it was precisely the symptoms of increased cerebral pressure that forced one to resort to surgical intervention, which gave excellent results: for example, removal of hematomas and ligation of the vessel in case of bleeding from the arteria meningea media or opening of brain abscesses.

Equally severe symptoms of pressure on the brain can be caused by accumulations of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain, as is observed in cases of acute head dropsy (acutus int.) e.g. in meningitis serosa or tuberculosa, as well as in chronic congenital and secondary internal dropsy of the brain. The thought of surgeons has long been directed in this direction. Back in 1881, Wernicke experimentally proved the usefulness of ventricular puncture in such cases. Bergmann was the first to perform this operation in 1888. Since then, many surgeons with varying happiness have performed this operation.

On November 29, 1884, the peasant Nikolai V. stabbed to death D., a worker at a potash factory rented by the merchant G. The murder, as the investigation found out, took place under the following circumstances:

On November 28, 1884, in the evening, the peasant Nikolai V. came to Fyodor N., who lived at the factory, and asked if the part of the land belonging to G., which his uncle Vasily wanted to buy, had been sold. It was late at night, Nikolai V. asked him to spend the night, which was allowed. V. went to bed in the kitchen, where the worker Dmitry P. stayed with him. There was no one in the kitchen except for the two of them. At night, Nikolai V. woke Fedor N. by knocking on the door and said that there were thieves walking around in the yard. N. jumped up, grabbed a single-barreled gun and ran out into the yard with it. Seeing no one there, he wanted to scare the thieves and fired, but there was a misfire, and he returned to the canopy. When he approached the porch of his apartment, his wife came out to meet him and gave him a revolver, and he handed her the gun. When she saw V.: and asked "what are you standing here and not going to look for thieves", he answered her "I'm afraid of something."

In 1901, E. Zttckerkandl described in humans new, previously unknown organs that are permanent formations for embryos and newborns, and called them, due to their close topographic and genetic relationship to sympathicus, additional organs of the latter - Nebenorgane des Sympathicus.

The data of Zuckerkandl's work, based on the study of these organs in 37 fetuses and 27 newborns, are summarized as follows. Accessory organs of the sympathetic nerve in newborns are small bodies, in most cases two, located behind the peritoneum, symmetrically on both sides of the art. mesent, inf., in the sympathetic plexus of the abdominal aorta, adjacent to its wall. The shape of these bodies is elongated, somewhat narrowing towards the ends, flattened from front to back.

Through experiments with cutting various nerve trunks of the sympathetic system and microscopic examination of the spinal ganglia, the author tests modern views on the pericellular plexuses. Of the five types described by various authors, Dr. Mikhailov recognizes four as undoubtedly existing (Dogel's plexuses have not been observed and doubts their existence). According to his studies, the true pericellular plexuses are the plexuses described by Aronson et al.

Based on a number of his experimental studies on rabbits, the author draws the following conclusions: the complete removal of the gland, thyreoidea entails a strong slowdown in the processes of regeneration and degeneration in the peripheral myelin nerve fibers; comparatively small particles of glands are enough to prevent the appearance of this slowdown; this inhibitory effect cannot be attributed to a general deceleration of metabolism or cochexia strumipriva.

The first signs of the disease appeared about 3 years ago; at present, the nervous system has the following symptoms: paraplegia spastica, increased tendon reflexes; lack of disorders from the sphincters. Disorders of skin sensitivity are insignificant: a slight decrease in tactile sensitivity; pain and temperature are normal. Sharp disorders of the muscular and articular sense, ataxia of the arms and legs.

The doctrine of apraxia, which began only 9 years ago with the research of Liepmann, now illuminates with sufficient clarity many phenomena in the field of motor disorders of neuropsychic origin. Assuming that they are caused by a disruption in the connection between the motor area and other areas of the cerebral cortex, researchers often use the Wernicke scheme, which depicts the relationship between our consciousness and the outside world, to analyze practical disorders. Dr. Nikitin, in his article, explains this scheme and, having noted a gap in it, suggests making an appropriate insert.

In a short article, the author combines fragmentary information about mental illness scattered in the Talmud among legal and religious treatises. Although the medical records were intended primarily for forensic purposes, they indicate quite clearly that the compilers of the Talmud had correct clinical understanding of many forms of mental disorder. The Talmud does not mention nervous diseases due to the author's conjectures, because at the time of the compilation of the Talmud they had no forensic medical significance.

The author studied the cerebrospinal fluid of progressive paralytics, syphilitics, mentally ill and healthy people. The conclusions of his work are as follows: For the diagnosis, chemical analysis provides little valuable data - they indicate only a general disease, without specifying it. The only thing that can be said with more certainty is that in progressive paralysis, certain changes are observed more often than in other mental illnesses. Only Wassermann's reaction is certain. It indicates the presence of syphilis. However, the same reaction indicates tremonema pallida, trypanosema and malaria.

According to the author, there are cases when, among the Basedowics, mental disorder precedes the appearance of the triad itself. These mental abnormalities are expressed as follows: agitation, anxiety, inability to concentrate on one subject for a long time, jumping from case to case, from thought to thought, change of a depressed state by cheerful and vice versa, without sufficient reasons, talkativeness, extreme mobility of thoughts, as if " chorea of ​​ideas "(Russel Reynold), insomnia, heavy dreams, irritability, suspicion, distrust and malice. Most patients themselves are aware of these painful phenomena. Graves indicates the frequent occurrence of hysterical phenomena with lesions of the thyroid gland.

In his report at the congress of hygiene and demography, the author argues that the modern classification of mentally abnormal children into idiots, stupid, insufficient, backward and incapacitated does not withstand criticism from the point of view of therapy. It is more or less successful from the point of view of the charity of these children, but it generalizes the varieties too much. The author proposes a classification of abnormal children.

It is not difficult to draw a line between average normal children and retarded children who require placement in a special school for retarded children. It is much more difficult to divide into groups of children recognized as retarded. The author, on the basis of studies of retarded children in an auxiliary school in Budapest, believes that mathematical exercises, oral and written, in the four rules of arithmetic can serve as a convenient criterion in this regard. This takes into account both the ability of numeration, the speed of decision and the quality of work. Using this method, retarded children can be divided into three categories: quite successful, average and weak.

Alcoholism, crime and psychosis are closely related. In an institution for the cure of alcoholics, people who have already been sued for crimes not in a drunken state often end up - those who were mentally ill also get into it. A careful study of alcoholics in very many cases indicates the existence of various mental anomalies in them even before drinking. Such people are often very intolerant of even small amounts of alcohol, which is why they get drunk earlier and more violently and more easily acquire the need for alcohol.

In the medical literature, the question of the significance of suggestion and persuasion in the matter of influencing one or another person was very often raised. According to the author, there is a very big difference between suggestion and persuasion. Suggestion is made in the unconscious state of the suggested person, without understanding by these persons how this or that thought appeared in him. Persuasion is carried out in a conscious state, with the participation of personal elements and the reasonableness of a given person, while the process of reasoning and decision-making is carried out quite consciously.

Six years ago, the author published a paper on the development of progressive paralysis in rats after they had ingested a culture of diphtheria bacilli isolated from the bronchi of a progressive paralytic. These investigations were verified by the author and Mac Bae and were fully confirmed, and in the nerve elements were found changes characteristic of progressive paralysis. Finally, the author recently tested the effect of culture bacil. paralyticans longus in rabbits, with positive results in only one case. Dr. O'Brien experimented with the injection of diphtheria bacilli against paralytics in rats, dogs and goats and got: hibernation, stupor, muscular tension, ataxia, partial paralysis, congestive attacks and death.

The question of the treatment and possibility of curing epileptics is still in a strange position. In the manuals on nervous diseases, we read about the incurability of the disease, and only to clear the conscience, large doses of bromine are recommended, and it is immediately added that these doses can cause weakening of memory and almost dementia - on the other hand, we read reports of specialists that say about a sufficient percentage of cure for epileptics. The thing is that epileptics are treated either at home or in insane asylums.

At the beginning of the article, the author dwells on a whole series of studies on the displacement of chlorides in the body by bromides, studies that led to the recognition of the specific, toxic effect of bromine on nerve elements. By directly stimulating the gray matter of the brain of trepanned animals, Rosentach confirmed these observations with experimental data. But animal experiments published by Wyss in 1908 suggest that the effect of bromine therapy does not depend on the medicinal properties of bromine itself, but on the fact that bromine salts displace from the body part of the sodium chloride, which is harmful to epileptics.

Neuritis that appears after typhoid fever, the author considers a phenomenon far from frequent: for 45 neuritis of non-traumatic origin, there were only 3 such cases. In the 12th year, she suffered from typhoid fever; severe form, with relapse, lasting 3 months. During the relapse, paralytic phenomena appeared in the lower extremities; pain in the legs, severe at the beginning, subsequently disappeared.

A case of persistent bilateral trigeminal neuralgia lasting 5 months; complete disappearance of pain after 10 sessions of topical application of high voltage currents according to the Bergonier method.

The Bergonier method, according to the author, in persistent neuralgias gives results that are not inferior to those obtained with injections of alcohol.

In order to clarify the question of what we are dealing with in phototherapy, whether it is exclusively with local heating of the skin, or whether the therapeutic effect depends on the chemical action of blue rays, the author made a series of observations, using alternately blue and red bulbs. It turned out that although the use of red light resulted in an increase in skin temperature twice as large as with blue rays (by 9-10° in the 1st case, only 5-6° in 2 m), pain sensations disappeared only when blue light was used.

On the pages of our journal there was a message (in 1908) about the emergence of a scientific society in Germany, the main goal of which is to promote the success of neuropathology - the society of German neuropathologists Geseleschaft Deutscher Nervenärzte. Its founder and inspirer must be considered a well-known Berlin professor, H. Oppenheim. In mid-September 1907, the first meeting and opening of this society took place in Dresden. 139 people gathered; 22 reports were made and immediately there was a discussion of the charter, which is remarkable for its remarkable brevity and clarity, set forth in just 17 paragraphs.

— On October 31 last year, 1909, a solemn celebration of the thirty-year scientific activity of prof. N. A. Mislavsky.

From the Committee, but authorized by the Highest on April 26, 1909, to collect donations for the formation of the Ivan Yegorovich Zabelin Foundation for the construction of a building for the Moscow Archaeological Institute and with it the I. E. Zabelin Archaeological Museum. On January 31, 1907, the Archaeological Institute was established in Moscow, a higher educational institution, departments of the Ministry of Public Education, with the aim of preparing people of both sexes for positions in museums, archives and government, public and private libraries, as well as the scientific development of archeology, history and archaeography with their subsidiary disciplines. The course of study at the Institute is three years.

Presided over by prof. V. P. Osipov under Secretary A. S. Sholomovich. Actions were present. Members: prof. N. A. Mislavsky, Dr. Polumordvinov, Pervushin, Donskov, Favorsky, Veselitsky, Bolberg, Chalusov, Klyachkin, Glushkov, Osipova V. N. Guests: Dr. Khomyakov, Shibkov, Tushnov, Golovin, Perimov, Nikolskaya and about 50 outsiders, ch. arr. students.
At the beginning of the meeting, the chairman prof. V.P. Osipov delivered a speech in memory of prof. Caesar Lombroso, briefly describing his activities in psychiatry and anthropology; at the suggestion of the chairman, the memory of Lombroso was honored by standing up.

Presided over by prof. L. O. Darkshevich, with the secretary Dr. V. I. Pervushin. Actions were present. members: prof. V. P. Osipov, Dr. A. V. Favorsky, I. A. Veselitsky, G. A. Klyachkin, S. A. Bolberg, V. V. Nikolaev, M. A. Chalusov; the guests were Dr. Golovin, Person, Dobrotin and about 30 senior medical students. Real member V.P. Pervushin made a report on “two cases of familial progressive muscular atrophy” and demonstrated two patients and radiographs of their knee and elbow joints.