Vol 23, No 8 (2020)

An analysis of the literature containing information on the participation of neuropeptides in the development of brain diseases was carried out. Changes in the production, processing and secretion of neuropeptides, the activity of signaling mechanisms with their participation are responsible for the formation of different variants of neurological deficits (cognitive, behavioral, etc.). As a rule, neuropeptides or otherwise biologically active molecules in the body can function as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, or neurohormones that perform cognitive and behavioral functions. These biologically active molecules are localized in cells in secretory vesicles, which are delivered from the body of nerve cells to nerve endings and act through Gp-conjugated receptors. The action of neuropeptides has been significantly studied relative to pathological conditions of the brain. So, the mechanism of development of Alzheimer's disease is associated with a diverse spectrum of neuropeptides such as ghrelin, neurotensin, pituitary activating adenylates cyclase polypeptide, neuropeptide Y, neuropeptide P, orexin. This disease is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid β (represented by two forms - Api-42, Api-40) in the brain tissue, which is due to an imbalance in the activity of secretases. The target of action is the precursor protein (APP). The form of the Aβ1-42 peptide has a destructive effect on the cell, this is due to a multidirectional effect: damage to mitochondria, an increase in the sensitivity of neurons to the effects of glutamate, impaired calcium metabolism, and a slowdown in metabolic transformations of glucose. Aβ peptide is characterized by the performance of a key function in synaptic transmission of a nerve impulse and enhanced synaptic transmission between two neurons for a long time. The pathological picture of Alzheimer's disease is characterized by significant expression of apolipoprotein E (APOE) in the brain tissue, which forms local cell clusters of amyloid β with Aβ, a decrease in the number of neurons expressing proopiomelanocortin (POMC), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-like peptide (AgRP) genes that change brain activity. As a result, expression of genes responsible for the synthesis of proteins of the immune system, early development of neuroinflammation and activation of apoptosis is also noted. Thus, neuropeptides are considered not only as biomarkers of pathological conditions, but also as targets for pharmacological preparations.

Relevance. Development of dosage forms for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency is an actual task of pharmaceutical technology due to the high prevalence of this disease. The extract has antioxidant, capillary-strengthening, anti-sclerotic, cardiovascular and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of the study was to develop the composition and technology of hard gelatin capsules containing Vitis vinifera L. red leaves dry extract to expand the range of domestic drugs with a venotonic effect. Objects of research: Vitis vinifera L. red leaves dry extract. Excipients: corn starch CleanSet 03703 (Cargill, the Netherlands), dex-tran Emdex (Dextrates-JRS Pharma), lactose 80M (Lactochem Crystals, the Netherlands), microcrystalline cellulose MCC-101 (JRS Pharma, Germany), calcium stearate (Himmed, Russia), Aerosil A380 (GOST 14922-77). Results. The composition and production technology of capsules containing Vitis vinifera L. red leaves dry extract are substantiated. The quality indicators of Vitis vinifera L. red leaves dry extract in dosage form - capsules - were determined: appearance, uniformity of capsule mass, disintegration of capsules, authenticity, quantitative content of the sum of phenolic compounds in terms of rutin. All quality indicators comply with the requirements of the draft regulatory documentation "Vitis vinifera L. red leaves dry extract, 180 mg capsule". Conclusion. Based on the results obtained, the composition of the capsules was developed: Vitis vinifera L. red leaves dry extract, corn starch, aerosil, calcium stearate. The developed composition made it possible to obtain a mass for encapsulation by simply mixing the ingredients, followed by filling hard gelatin capsules. Capsules with Vitis vinifera L. red leaves dry extract expand the range of medicines for the prevention and treatment of chronic venous insufficiency.

Relevance. One of the promising areas of modern medicine is the method of efferent therapy, selectively affecting the mechanisms of the immune system and homeostasis. The lack of effectiveness of drugs, their side effects and the emerging pharmacoresistance in patients with Devergy disease, contribute to the search for new methods of treatment based on extracorporeal photochemical treatment of peripheral blood cells. Objective. To study the clinical and pathogenetic significance of the programmed use of extracorporeal photochemotherapy in the complex treatment of Devergey's disease. Material and methods. Using the method of extracorporeal photochemotherapy, a programmed treatment of a patient with Devergy disease was carried out for 12 months. Results. In an in vitro study with incubation of cell media, it was found that the extracorporeal photochemotherapy technique induces lymphocyte apoptosis with maximum levels on the third day after the procedure, which confirms the pathogenetic significance of this technique in the complex treatment of patients with Devergee's disease. Conclusions. The inclusion of programmed extracorporeal photochemotherapy in the complex therapy of a patient with Devergey's disease made it possible to stop a very high activity of the disease, reduce the dosage of acetritin preparations and achieve long-term remission (more than 12 months of observation).

Relevance. Studies are underway intensively around the world to identify the causes and mechanisms of cataract development. The special attention is paid to the study of stearoyl-CoA-desaturase enzymes. There are data indicating the involvement of the level changes of desaturases in ophthalmic pathologies in the literature. Work objective. To establish the presence of stearoyl-CoA-desaturase in the lenses of the eyes and study the change of level of this enzyme in cataract progression on the experimental model. Material and methods. The study was conducted on Wistar rats (n=60). Two groups were formed: control (n=30) and experimental (n=30). The animals of the experimental group were simulated age-related cataract using ultraviolet radiation for 6 months. The lenses were taken to determine the content of stearoyl-CoA-desaturase every two months. The study used an enzyme immunoassay. Results. The level of stearoyl-CoA-desaturase in cataract lenses was lower by 53% (p=0.027), 55.8% (p=0.008) and 53.3% (p=0.018) at 2, 4, and 6 months of disease development respectively relatively healthy animals. Conclusions. The study confirmed the presence of stearoyl-CoA-desaturase in the tissues of the lens of the eye. Cataract progression is associated with the level decrease of this enzyme. The results of the study demonstrate the adaptive changes occurring in the lenses of the eyes against the background of cataract development. In this experiment using healthy animals, the level decrease of desaturase in the lens is not a pathogenic factor.