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Vol 16, No 1 (2016)
- Year: 2016
- Published: 15.03.2016
- Articles: 16
- URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/MAJ/issue/view/574
Articles
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CURRENT CONCEPTS ABOUT TRIGGERS OF INFLAMMATORY REACTIONS IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS (A META-ANALYSIS OF PUBLISHED DATA)
Abstract
Objective: Examination of the current concept of development of inflammatory reactions in atherosclerosis as presented in the available literature. Materials and methods: Dedicated query tools were used to search for publications addressing the problem of atherogenesis from the modern standpoints. The publications found were subjected to content analysis and reviewed in the historical and analytical perspectives. Results: the primary triggers of the development of atherosclerosis are believed to be the responses of inborn and adaptive immunity to the antigenic activity of oxidized low density lipoproteins and related species, cell death, heat shock proteins, infectious agents, chronic autoimmune diseases in anamnesis, inflammation of the adventitia, hemorrhages in vascular intima, and decreased antiatherogenic antibodies production. Atherosclerosis may be caused by genetically determined inflammatory reactions. Conclusion: Numerous data suggest that chronic inflammatory reactions are at the base of the development of atherosclerosis.
Medical academic journal. 2016;16(1):17-26
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THE DISTANT INFLUENCE OF COOPER NANOPARTICLES ON ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF COGNITIVE PROCESS IN THE BRIAN
Abstract
Published data on negative and positive effects of nanoparticles immediately contacting human and animal organisms are inconsistent. No published data about the distant effects of nanoparticles are available. The objective of the present study was to examine the distant effects of copper nanoparticles on electrophysiological manifestations of cognitive processes assessed by P300 cognitive visually evoked potentials in 10 volunteers who were female students aged 25,9±3,5 years. Copper nanoparticles were found to distantly influence some quantitative parameters of visually evoked potentials: the latencies of peaks P1 and N2 were reduced when assessed via the right central lead, and of peaks P3 and N3, when assessed via the left parietal lead. The results suggests enhancement of the cognitive processes of perception, recognition, memorization, and decision making concerning the significance of visual stimuli.
Medical academic journal. 2016;16(1):27-35
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EFFECTS OF ENALAPRIL ON THORACIC AND ABDOMINAL AORTA REMODELING IN EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF DIFFERENT VARIANTS OF CHRONIC STRESS
Abstract
Objective: To study the effect of Enalapril on structural changes in the extracellular matrix of the media of the thoracic and abdominal segments of rat aorta under conditions that model different variants of chronic stress. Materials and methods: Wistar rats were used in experiments. Chronic adrenergic or cholinergic stresses were modeled by intraperitoneal administrations of adrenaline or Proserpine, respectively, during two weeks. The effects of Enalapril on modeled stresses were assessed by determination of the volume density of the extracellular space and collagen and elastin fibers of the media of the thoracic and abdominal segments of aorta. Results: The effects of Enalapril on extracellular matrix remodeling were most expressed in the thoracic aorta where the drug, upon the chronic adrenergic stress, prevented fibrosis and decreased collagen degradation and, upon the chronic cholinergic stress, decreased extracellular space remodeling and inhibited progression of fibrosis, in spite of a decrease in the density of elastin. In the abdominal aorta, elastin degradation increased under the effects of either, Enalapril and both variants of chronic stress. Upon chronic cholinergic stress, progressing changes in elastin network were associated with progressing fibrosis. Conclusion: Enalapryl is protective against extracellular matrix remodeling differently, depending on the conditions of stress and on the segment of aorta. Enalapryl effects were most pronounced in the thoracic segment of Wistar rat aorta upon chronic adrenergic stress and less pronounced upon chronic cholinergic stress. No protective effects of Enalapril were found in the abdominal segment of aorta upon any of stress variants.
Medical academic journal. 2016;16(1):36-43
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THE INTERACTION OF CHANGES IN PULMONARY HEMODYNAMICS AND VENOUS RETURN FOLLOWING PULMONARY THROMBOEMBOLISM
Abstract
Acute experiments with rabbits were used to study changes in pulmonary haemodynamics in a model of pulmonary artery thromboembolism under intact circulatory conditions and upon volumetric clamp perfusion of the lungs. Under intact circulatory conditions, blood pressure in the pulmonary artery increased upon thrompoembolism to a lesser degree than under perfusion of the lungs, because pulmonary blood flow decreased. In both cases, pulmonary vascular resistance increased equally. Upon caudal vena cava stenosis, blood pressure and flow decreased in the pulmonary artery, the later decrement being the same as in the case of thromboembolism. At the same time, upon caudal vena cava stenosis, pulmonary vascular resistance increased two time less than in response to pulmonary artery thromboembolism. Under pulmonary artery thromboembolism, blood pressure in the artery depended on changes in pulmonary blood flow and pulmonary vascular resistance. Changes in blood flow through the pulmonary artery were caused by changes in venous return and myocardial contractility and did not correlate with pulmonary vascular resistance.
Medical academic journal. 2016;16(1):44-49
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OREXIN-B-CONTAINING NEURONS IN RAT HYPOTHALAMUS AFTER LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE AND BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN ADMINISTRATION
Abstract
Hypothalamic orexin-B-containing neurons reaction was investigated during several hours after administration of thymus-dependent (bovine serum albumin - BSA) and thymus-independent (lipopolysaccharide - LPS) antigen. Using immunohistochemical method we revealed changes in quantity of visualized orexin-B positive neurons and their relative optical density (ROD) only 1 hour after LPS injection. Four patterns of changes were distinguished: increase of neurons quantity; increase of neurons ROD; increase of both cells quantity and ROD; simultaneously neurons quantity increase and ROD decrease. Thus injection of T-independent antigen (LPS) causes multidirectional reaction of orexin-B-positive neurons, that could be explained with morphofunctional heterogeneity of these neurons. Administration of T-dependent antigen (BSA) does not change immunoreactivity of orexin-B-positive neurons during several hours after antigen application.
Medical academic journal. 2016;16(1):50-56
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QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN NATIVE MRI SIGNAL INTENSITY IN PATIENTS WITH FOCAL LIVER LESIONS
Abstract
Study objective: Investigating the potential of the quantitative analysis of native MRI in patients having focal liver lesions. Material and methods: MRI at 1,5 T was used to examine 256 patients (414 focal liver lesions). The quantitative values of the intensity of signals from liver lesions, intact liver parenchyma, major blood vessels, and other abdominal organs were treated statistically. Coefficients based on the ratios of measured parameters in different organs, different liver segments, and at a defined liver site upon different impulse patterns were calculated. Results: The most informative in variance analysis was the ratio of signal intensity from a lesion and the corresponding parameter of intact liver parenchyma in a T2-weighted image. The highest values of such ratio were found for ascitic formations, whereas the lowest, for steatotic cirrhotic foci. Also informative were chemical shift sequence and VIBE. Conclusion: Quantitative analysis of MRI data provides for detailed assessment of changes in focal liver lesions, thus minimizing the subjective interferences. Native studies are effective in differential diagnostics of simple and parasitic cysts, steatosis, and hemangiomas.
Medical academic journal. 2016;16(1):57-64
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NONINVASIVE ASSESSMENT OF CORONARY BLOOD FLOW DURING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY FOR RISK STRATIFICATION OF PATIENTS WITH NEGATIVE TEST RESULTS UPON FAILURE TO ACHIEVE SUBMAXIMUM HEARTBEAT RATE
Abstract
Negative stress echocardiography (SE) results suggest a favorable prognosis. However, this is true only if a submaximum heartbeat rate (HBR) is achieved in a patient. The objective of the present study was to assess the prognostic significance of coronary blood flow parameters of the anterior interventricular artery (AIVA) upon SE under physical load stress in patients who did not achieve a submaximum HBR. Materials and methods: Physical load SE data obtained for 268 patients aged 54±10 years, among whom 156 were men, were analyzed. SE data were supplemented with the results of measuring AIVA blood flow parameters using Doppler sonography. The coronary reserve value of AIVA (CRAIVA) was calculated. The patients were divided into the following groups: 1) 35 patients who did not achieve a submaximum HBR and whose CRAIVA was <2; 2) 54 patients who did not achieve a submaximum HBR and whose CRAIVA was >2; and 3) 179 patients who achieved a submaximum HBR. Adverse events were analyzed three years thereafter. Results: In 8 patients, adverse events included 2 nonfatal myocardial infarctions and 6 revascularization events. No differences in adverse event rates between Groups 3 and 2 were found (1,75% vs. 3,7%, p=0,37). A significant increase in adverse event rate was found in Group 1 compared with Group 3 (8,6% vs. 1,75%, p<0,03), including the most severe outcomes, i. e., MI/coronary artery bypass (5,7% vs. 0%, p<0,002). Conclusion: ES upon physical load should be supplemented with coronary blood flow determination in AIVA.
Medical academic journal. 2016;16(1):65-71
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CYSTIC HYGROMA OF THE FETUSES NECK: ULTRASOUND FEATURES, PREGNANCY OUTCOMES, MANAGEMENT OF PREGNANT WOMEN
Abstract
There has been performed the research of ultrasonic characteristics of cystic hygroma of the neck (CHN) of the fetus, whose goal was the improvement of ultrasound diagnosis of this disease in the early stages of pregnancy to improve perinatal outcomes. It analyzed the data of 355 cases of heavy tires. It was found that the frequency of prenatal detection of fetal cystic hygroma of the neck in Diagnostic Center (Medical Genetics) is 2,2 per 1000 fetus, significantly above the prevailing rate of detection of any other fetal abnormalities. The volume fraction of CHN in the structure of congenital malformations is more than 62,8%. Cystic hygroma is detected at a younger age of pregnant women less than 29 years, most often between the ages of 16-24 years. Normal fetal karyotype CHN has been installed in 38,5% of cases, of which 51,7% of the patients are born healthy. Regardless of the term to identify cystic hygroma of the neck of the fetus antero-posterior dimension to 4 mm is a favorable prognostic sign of pregnancy outcome. It is proposed a complex algorithm of comprehensive diagnosis of the condition of the fetus in the visualization of heavy tires in all stages of pregnancy based on these results in order to increase the efficiency of prenatal detection of congenital and hereditary diseases to the regional centers of prenatal diagnosis.
Medical academic journal. 2016;16(1):72-81
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THE PREDICTIVE VALUE OF CASE HISTORY DATA, PLASMA PAPP-A AND IGF-I IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the prognostic value of tests for pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and of case history analysis in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. Materials and methods. PAPP-a and IGF-1 levels were determined 71 ACS patients and in reference and control groups. In the ACS group, data about the duration of ischemic heart disease and arterial hypertension were extracted form case histories. Results and discussion. PAPP-A is higher in ACS than in reference and control groups. IGF-1 upon myocardial infarction is lower than in the reference group. IGF-1 increase associated with unstable angina compared with the reference and control groups is not significant. The highest IGF-1 levels were observed in the reference group, whereas the lowest, in lethal cases. Outcomes were stratified according to durations of IHD and hypertension. Anamnesis compromised with both conditions lasting for 11 to 32 years makes a basis for MI risk. However, MI is not excluded within the first year after IHD diagnosis. Conclusions. The novel biochemical markers of vascular inflammation and damage, PAPP-A and IGF-1, may be used as indicators of atherosclerotic plague instability. They have prognostic value and in ACS patients should be used in combination with anamnesis data.
Medical academic journal. 2016;16(1):82-89
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REHABILITATION OF DEAF CHILDREN AFTER COCHLEAR IMPLANTATION USING AN INTELLIGENT NEURAL NET SYSTEM
Abstract
The most effective method of rehabilitation in the cases of stage 4 sensorineural hearing loss and deafness is cochlea implantation. During rehabilitation, tuning up of cochlear implant system is needed for proper functioning of the elaborate electronic device substituting for the sensory organ. The aim of the present study was to develop an algorithm for the analysis of telemetry data about neural responses in order to determine the most comfortable levels of cochlear implant stimulation required to tune up the speech processor. Materials and methods. Study group comprised 90 patients divided into two groups. Group 1 (85% of the patients) was used to train the neural net. Group 2 patients (15%) were not involved in training and were used as a reference group to evaluate the effectiveness of neural net operation after training. Results. After the completion of training of 80 neural nets, the best one was chosen. The proportion of correct prognoses with it was 99,2%. Conclusions. The use of the neural-net expert system provides for performing important tasks, such as optimizing the parameters of speech processor tuning-up for an individual patient and increasing the effectiveness of rehabilitation of patients with complex pathology. Of special relevance is the use of neural nets to analyze telemetry data about neural responses in infantile and early-age patients with anomalies of middle-air development after meningitis and in patients with complex defects.
Medical academic journal. 2016;16(1):90-96
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THE GRACE OF DESIRE AS A PHYLOSOPHICAL AND RELIGIOUS CATEGORY
Abstract
The power of love desire as a harmonizing and creative drive, which awakes the sense of sympathy and mutual acceptation, plays an invaluable healing and socializing role in the life of an invalid. The erotic drive is fundamental for human and natural relationships and for human yearning for the divine and for self-sacrifice and self-determination in the divine via love and, sometimes, via the acceptation of suffering. The depth of these sensations may be superficial when it comes to hurt pride or, by contrast, may be immense and even able to transform suffering into bliss when it comes to sympathy for the neighbor or the Protoplast. The power of love and erotic drive allows a human to perceive and accept the fullness of his/her own being and of the one he/she loves being, as well as the mystic fullness of the Divine existence.
Medical academic journal. 2016;16(1):97-101
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ECONOMY HIV MEDICINE IN 2016. HOW TO DISTRIBUTE LIMITED RESOURCES?
Medical academic journal. 2016;16(1):102-105
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PALLIATIVE MEDICINE IN ONCOLOGY
Medical academic journal. 2016;16(1):106-108
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ChLENU-KORRESPONDENTU RAN ZASLUZhENNOMU DEYaTELYu NAUKI RF DOKTORU MEDITsINSKIKh NAUK, PROFESSORU IRINE SOLOMONOVNE FREYDLIN
Medical academic journal. 2016;16(1):109-110
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80 LET PROFESSORU LEONIDU MOISEEVIChU ShAFRANU
Medical academic journal. 2016;16(1):111-112
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