Vol 52, No 1 (2003)

It is known that chromosomal abnormalities are one of the most important causes of the spontaneous abortions. In this review we have considered the cytogenetical disturbances which can lead to miscarriages and embrio losses at assisted fertilization technologies. We have analyzed the structure of chromosome aberrations in spontaneous abortions and influence of the different types of alterations on the forecasting the future pregnancy outcomes. It has been considered the probability of recurrence of the pregnancy losses in patients-carriers of structural balanced chromosome rearrangements. In vitro fertilization implantation failures like as the miscarriages can depend on presence of chromosome anomalies including the occasions when the parents are the carriers of structural unbalanced rearrangements. So the kariotyping of couples, which require the assisted fertilization technologies, should be the necessary part of preliminary investigation.

In this article, 12-year delivery experience described of pregnant women with hem on womb after cesarean. Labored 723 women: in 465 the repeated cesarean were made, in 258 spontaneous delivery were happened. Depositions for repeated cesarean and intra-operational complications are given. Management tactics of spontaneous delivery in women in childbirth with hem on womb is described. It was decided, that delivery through natural delivery ways in women with hem on womb after cesarean in low uterine segment must be the alternative to repeated cesarean.

One has made in women at physiological pregnancy and EPH-gestosis with the help of electron microscopy methods and microcoagulant research of functional circulating thrombocyte changes. A series of singularities of a release reaction by thrombocytes, which determine discharge of their cytoplasmatic granule contents are established. The scheme of possible development versions of a release reaction of thrombocytes is given.

The study purpose is realizing efficiency of synthetic analog of progesterone-dufastone (didrogesterone) for threatening abort therapy and dynamics evaluation of blood progesterone contents during treatment with dufastone. Dufastone use is pathogenetically proved, its high efficiency for treatment of pregnancy loss at early terms is affirmed. Dufastone application helps to protect pregnancy and has not negative influences on pregnant woman and fetus state. 93,5% of pregnancies in women with fetus loss in anamnesis were completed with deliveries.

One studied hormonal indices (FSG, LG, prolactin, estradiol, progesterone) and anti-ovary auto anti-body contents in blood of 39% patients of reproductive age with autoimmune ovaritis. It was revealed in 18 patients the hypergonadotrope ovary insufficiency, which manifested itself as amenorrhea, in 21 patients the normogonsdotrope ovary insufficiency, which manifested itself as opsooligoamenorrhea or amenorrhea. Number of anti-ovary auto anti-bodies in blood was significantly more in studied patients than in healthy women. The statistically reliable decrease of anti-ovary auto anti-bodies happened in most patients in 6 months of estrogen and gestagen therapy. Restoration of ovary menstrual cycle happened in part of patients with normogonadotrope form of autoimmune ovaritis after such a therapy repeal. Authors associate therapeutic effect with decreasing gonadotrope ovary stimulation and with influence of estrogens and gestagens upon the immune system.

The specialized assistance to HVI-infected pregnant women is organized in our city and to their infants. One performs testing pregnant women in reference to HVI infection, observation of HVI-infected pregnant women, chemoprophylaxis of perinatal HVI transmission, dispenserisation of infants born in HVI-infected mothers. Infants having any pathology are moved from maternity hospitals to suitable child's hospitals.

This work is made in close collaboration with the scientific and prophylactic center of Ministry of health protection for prophylaxis and treatment of HVI-infection in pregnant women and children.

Contemporary principles of the intensive assistance to new bom infants include the maximum approximation of intensive therapy to the first minutes of infant life due to rational service organization, prophylaxis of critical states on the base of monitoring information upon processes of adaptation and desadaptation to postnatal life, elaboration of standard protocols of diagnostics and therapy of critical states in new born infants on the base of contemporary technologies and humanization of the intensive assistance.

Until now, it was believed that the first experience of using female labor in military medicine dates back to the middle of the 19th century, when during the Crimean War of 1853-1856. a detachment of sisters of mercy under the leadership of N. I. Pirogov worked in the theater of military operations. However, some documents indicate that in peacetime, female personnel in domestic military medicine began to be used much earlier.