Vol 49, No 1 (2000)
- Year: 2000
- Articles: 24
- URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/jowd/issue/view/4518
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/JOWD.491
Full Issue
Current public health problems
To the question of pathogenesis of perinatal pathology in pregnant women with genital chlamydiosis
Abstract
The aim of the investigation was the assessment of humoral immunity in neonates and their mothers, who had genital chlamydiosis during pregnancy in correlation with results of immunomorphological and histological investigation of placenta with the significance of these disturbances for the development of perinatal pathology. 48 tern neonates and their mothers, who had genital chlamydiosis during pregnancy composed the main group, 16 healthy neonates and their mothers composed a control group. Decreasing in adaptation and. immunoresistive processes were found in 60,4% neonates from mothers with chlamydiosis. It was shown that the condition of neonates correlates with placental changes. In placentas of sick neonates, the highest level of fixed immune complex with excessive contents of C3b fraction of complement and IgM were seen. Our investigation showed that perinatal pathology in neonates from mothers with chlamydiosis could be a result of intrauterine C. trachomatis infection, and a consequence, of immunity disturbances in the system “mother-placenta-fetus”.



Modern conceptions for cervical cancer prevention
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is found to be the central risk factor for cervical cytologic abnormalities and cancer. The purpose of the study was to estimate the sensitivity and prognostic value of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Hybrid Capture 2 (HC 2) for HPV DNA detection, to determine the rate of cytologic abnormalities and attending infections in HPV-infected women. 729 women were investigated for HPVDNA detection. HC 2 had sensitivity compared with PCR, hut it had advantages in viral load detection. The rate of HPV DNA detection was up to 30% in women with cervical pathology, among them in21%o of cases cytologic abnormality was revealed. The peak detection of HPV was between ages 20 and 30. The same ages were characterized by the peak of cervical pathology. 31%> of HPV-infected women had coexisted bacterial infections (chlamydiosis, mycoplasmosis or ureaplasmosis), 35% - Herpes simplex virus infection. HPV-detection can improve the timely revealing of cervical cytologic abnormalities. The bacteriology and virology screening with corresponding therapy must he also included in investigation complex of HPV-infected women.



Original Research
The revealing of some of causative microorganisms for sexually-transmitted diseases in chronic salpingoophoritis, bacterial vaginosis and nonspecific bacterial vaginitis
Abstract
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The data on frequent combination of chronic inflammatory diseases of vagina and adnex can give the evidence for connection betzveen these pathologic processes.
The frequency of Mycoplasma hominis findings in patients with bacterial vaginosis points to their possible ethioloic role in the pathology. At the same time, vaginal smears presenting Ureaplasma urealyticum in patients zvith bacterial vaginosis indicates their role in formation of pathology.
One can suggest ethiologic mean of U.urealyticum in nonspecific bacterial vaginitis patients.



The first oocyte donor bank and "Oocyte Donorship" program realization
Abstract
During three years (1996-99)266 women of the reproductive age addressed our Center expressing the wish to be oocyte donors. Äs a result of the 2-phase selection only 45 zvomen (20-33 years of age) were admitted into the “oocyte donors bank”. In order to study the reaction of ovaries for gonadotropic stimulation of healthy women with normal reproduction function we carried out the analyses of the results of superovulation in the group of 14 donors participating in the program for the first time.
The group of recipients consisted of 22 women (26-57years of age). The average age of the group zvas 39,2 years. For 15 patients it was the first experience of using donor’s oocytes in the frame of IVF program.
In order to define the factors affecting frequency rate of pregnancy development all recipients were split into 2 groups: 1st group was formed by the women with pregnancy developed, 2nd with pregnancy not developed. In the both groups most recipients (72%) suffered hypergonadotropic insufficiency of ovaries.
The“ Oocyte Donorship” program proves its high efficiency and allows providing 50% frequency rate of pregnancy development.



The prenatal diagnostics in optimization of pregnancy outcome
Abstract
In order to improve the quality of prenatal diagnostics we have evaluated and optimised the indications to the complex investigation of revealing fetal abnormalities and chromosomal diseases. Taking into account a couple of extra-factors we succeeded to prevent the birth of abnormal children in 10% cases. To assess the possibility of pregnancy complications prognosis we have ultrasonographically studied the features of extraembryonal structures development in 1st trimester pregnancy. We have observed the high prognostic value of chorionic and amniotic cavities volumes and yolk sac pathology in predicting the preterm delivery and IUGR.



The impact of unilateral oophorectomy on physical status and sexual functioning of women
Abstract
93 patients who had undergone unilateral oophorectomy for benign pathologies were interviewed. The investigators were interested in their opinion on the outcomes of performed surgery in regard to the physical status, psychologic well-being and sexual life before, during disease and after operation. The results оf complex investigations showed that 38,7% women didn’t have alterations in their sexuality after unilateral oophorectomy, 37,6% respondents reported improvement in their sexual life after surgery and 23,6% reported deterioration. The improvement in patient’s sexuality was due to the relief of dyspareunia after the operation (31,4%), the improvement in interpersonal relationships and the natural process of sexual adaptation (68,6%). Worsening in sexual life was caused by various postoperative endocrine dysfunctions and estrogen deficiency (59,1%> of patients) leading to decrease in libido, impaired lubrication resulted in dyspareunia. In 40,9% of patients sexual dysfunction was induced by different psychotraumatic situations resulted or not from the surgery itself.



Progesteron’s agonist Dydrogesteron in the treatment of the miscarriage
Abstract
The study was earned out to investigate effect of Progesterone 's agonist Dydrogesterone in the treatment оf the miscarriage. Thus, it was seen that Dydrogesterone 's treatment (10 mg/daily per os) zvas more effective than Progesterone for prophylactic miscarriage.



The evaluation of Mastodinon efficiency in treatment of hyperprolactinemic syndrome
Abstract
The clinical efficiency of Mastodinon (“Bionorica”) is studied in management of 33 patients (average age 34,6 years) with different menstrual disfunctions and dysmenorrhea. In 13 patients these disturbances coexisted with hyperprolactinemia.
As a result of 3-month treatment with Mastodinon we noted the normalization of menstrual function in 13 of 17 patients, and the decrease in prolactin serum levels on 10 of 13 women. The prolactin decrease was followed by increase in luteinizing hormone and progesteron, as chosen for ovulatory cycle.
It is found that Mastodinon has the properties of dopaminomimetics and can be concerned as the alternative for synthetic dopaminergic drug therapy (Bromocriptine etc.).



Evaluation of the efficiency of kanefron for the treatment of gestosis combined with renal pathology
Abstract
Despite the abundance of drugs used to treat gestosis, the lack of sufficient effect of the therapy is one of the most frequent causes of premature delivery in this type of pathology. Therefore, the search for effective methods of late gestosis treatment remains one of the most pressing problems of modern obstetrics. In addition, the use of a large number of potent drugs can cause uncontrollable side effects, allergy in pregnant women and adversely affect the fetus, and therefore there is a need to search for safe and at the same time effective enough means for monotherapy.



Natural micronized progesterone for hormonal replacement therapy in reproductive medicine
Abstract
A total of 64 artificial cycles with natural micronized progesterone replacement therapy were studied. Progesterone zoos used from day 4-5 before embryo transfer till gestational week 8-11 in different programmes (ovum/embryo donation, surrogacy, thawed embryos transfer after previous IVF/ICSI failures). Pregnancy rate was 43.5%. The HRT by natural micronized progesterone in artificial cycles could be stopped on gestational week 9 without any risk.



Lectures
Infections and reproductive health (Part IV)
Abstract
Patients' complaints depend on the localization of the infection. When the urethra is affected (the most common localization), the usual symptoms are painful sensations during urination: stinging, burning, itching; dysuric phenomena: frequent urination, urination with small portions of urine, feeling of incomplete urination. Patients may self-report the occurrence of purulent discharge from the urethra. However, the complaints may disappear within a short time.



Hormone replacement therapy and malignant tumors
Abstract
The review on malignant tumors morbidity and its risk during hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is shown. The questions on possibilities of HRT in oncologic patients and the results of successful HRT management in rehabilitation of cervical cancer patients after surgical and and combined treatment are discussed.



Reviews
Trauma in pregnancy
Abstract
There is still a problem in modern obstetrics - traumatic injuries during pregnancy- that plays the leading role in perinatal mortality and maternal lethality. In the given review the historical data and modem presentation about the diagnostics and treatment peculiarities in mechanical trauma during pregnancy are concerned.



Ultrasound examination and chorionic gonadotropin evaluation in preoperative diagnostic of ectopic pregnancy
Abstract
In the article, the questions of modem diagnostics of all forms of ectopic pregnancy are concerned. There given data on efficiency of cooperative usage of ultrasound pelvic examination and quantity measurement of chorionic gonadotropin in diagnostics of progressing nonruptured ectopic pregnancy.



Viewpoint
Bladder-vagina fistulas management
Abstract
The difficulty of the problem of fistulas genital treatment is covered in the article given. Though there are certain success, the recurrent fistulas are frequent complication after treatment. There are more than 150 ways of fistulas reconstruction. The results, analysis of 29 surgery procedures in genital fistulas treatment are considered. Authors suggest their original operative method using transvaginal approach, monocry I and PDS use, postoperative bladder drainage consisting of 2 urethral tubes, preventing a spike in bladder pressure. They report about 7 successful results on fistula closure using original technique.



Maternal mortality and illegal abortions
Abstract
The analysis of 32 lethal outcomes resulted from illegal abortions is earned out. On duration of gestation the highest frequency was in cases of gestation duration more than 12 weeks of pregnancy (78,2%). By the factors promoting the lethality were intervention with the purpose of an abortion and late hospitalization. At the analysis of the documentation the basic mistakes were the long conservative therapy, underestimation of condition worsening, irrational antibacterial and infusion therapy. The high level of a maternal mortality requires the expansion of measures for prophylaxis, and improvement of surgical approach methods.



Casuistry
Pregnancy and labor in gonadal dysgenesis (Case report)
Abstract
At the age of 20 Patient K. passed the operation of laparotomy and excision of rudimentary gonads and uterine tubes due to dysgenesis of the gonads (46XY). Histological identification found cells of Leidig type whose existence proves presence of Y- chromosome in the patient’s karyotype. As a result of the treatment the recipient got pregnant with a triplet. As a result, she delivered a boy with the weight of 2750 gr. and height of 49 cm and a girl with the weight of 2850 gr. and height of 49 cm. The recipient’s lactation in the postnatal stage was sufficient.



Commentary on the article by Isakova E.V., Arzhanova O.N., Shlyakhtenko T.N., Korsak V.S. "Pregnancy and Childbirth in Dysgenesis of Gonads (Case Report)"
Abstract
This case was not only a striking, literally fantastic achievement of modern reproductive science, but also demonstrates the need for reflection and discussion of a number of theological, biological, and medical problems, the solution of which will probably determine the progress not only of pure reproductive science, but also of some fundamental aspects of human biology.



A case of delivering a pregnant woman with Takayasu disease
Abstract
Takayasu's disease belongs to the group of so-called systemic vasculitis, which is based on generalized vascular lesions, in particular aorto-arterial trunks with inflammation and necrosis of the vascular wall and secondary involvement of various organs and systems.



Discussion
Alternative delivery in the presence of relative indications for caesarean section
Abstract
In the article, the summary on the 20-years’ experience on labor management in high- risk pregnant is given. The prospective for the alternative labor management in diabetes mellitus, fetoplacental insufficiency, elder nullipara, uterine scar after previous cesarean sections, breach or pelvic presentation are covered.



Correspondence school



History page
Professor Stroganov V.V. and his scientific legacy
Abstract
“The most valuable Stroganov’s role is in eclampsy treatment. Many thousands of women all over the world own their lives because of him, as he with his immense efforts and energy, feeling himself right, fought against cesarean section in eclampsy. The biggest consolation for him was that he strove for acknowledgement of the method all over the world” Prof. Lurie R.G. (1947)



From the history of the Otts' stock
Abstract
The article contains the information about D.O.Otts’s genealogy. D.O.Ott (1855-1929) was one of the founders of the original Russian obstetrical and gynecological school and the director (since 1893) of the Emperor’s Clinical Institute of Midwifery and Gynecology, which is known today as the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology named by D.O.Ott under the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. The article is written on the basis of the archive and historical documents.



Scientific activity
Information about dissertations on obstetrics and gynecology defended at the D.001.21.01 Dissertation Council (Ott Research Institute of Gynecology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences) in 1999
Abstract
The results of the thesis research can be recommended for implementation in specialized obstetric hospitals equipped with modern ultrasound devices; in the educational and pedagogical activity of the departments of obstetrics, pediatrics, and pathological physiology of medical universities; and in the lectures for specialists in obstetrics, perinatology, and pathological physiology of the postgraduate medical education academies of Russia.


