Vol XXV, No 1-2 (1993)

In 1893, the medical community in Russia received a new medical journal. It was the "Neurological Bulletin", published in Kazan by the Society of Neurologists and Psychiatrists, edited by V.M. Bekhterev. The magazine could be bought not only in Kazan, but also from all famous booksellers in university cities: in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kyiv, Kharkov, Warsaw, Odessa. Subscription was also accepted there (cost - 8 rubles per year). The Neurological Bulletin was published until 1917, 4 issues a year. In the formidable 1918, on the eve of famine, devastation and obscurantism, only one issue of the journal was published, and it was not possible to continue its publication further. A total of 24 volumes were released.

Modern ideas about the functional significance of astroglia in the formation of convulsive activity of the brain are outlined. Modern data on astrocyte metabolism, its role in the metabolism of neurotransmitters, peptides, neurotrophic factors in various receptions are presented. Particular attention is paid to the role of astroglia in the metabolism of the excitatory amino acid glutamate. Modern concepts of astroglial mechanisms of epileptogenesis are considered.

The typical and untypical vegetative crises are described. The crises presented by various vegetative manifestations belong to typical, the same vegetative manifestations and functional - neurologic symptoms (the disorder of vision, audition, lump in the throat and etc.) belong to untypical ones. For every vegetative crisis there are the definite psychogenetic and biological factors. The high activity of cerebral isoenzyme of glutamatehydrogenase in patients with vegetative crises correlates with heavier clinical course of the disease and is efficiently less susceptible to every type of therapy.

The vegetative regulation is investigated in 80 patients with paroxismal disorders of the rhythm. The centralization of the cardiac rhythm control is revealed in supraventricular tachyarrhythmia and idiopathic ciliary arrhythmia. The connection between the changes in the conductive system of the heart and central vegetative regulation is established. The results obtained lead one to use central electroanalgesia as a method for the treatment of vegetative disorders in paroxysmal disorders of the cardiac rhythm.

The clinicoangiographic, dopplerographic correlations are presented allowing to stand out the variations of paroxysmal disorders in vertebral-basilar system: optical, cochleovestibular, vestibulocerebellar, syncopal, bulbar-and-pseudobulbar hypothalamic, and alternating. The data obtained indicate that the increase of arterial pressure is not a compensating factor but a solvable factor.

The main principles of basis and differentiated therapy of hemorrhagic and ishemic insults are considered. The combination of these types of therapy provides the correction of the complex of homeostasis disorders occuring during the catastrophe of the brain.

Based on the psychopathologic’Study of psychical changes in persons suffering from epileptic attacks, the conclusion is made regarding the possibility of the alternative classification of epilepsy which has its origins in the pronounced level of encephalopathic syndrome. Similar approach increases the therapeutic activity of a physician and favourably affects the patients from the viewpoint of social recovery.

The clinicoimmunologic observation of 85 patients with generalized forms of epilepsy, different in the course of the disease, as well as with medicamental resistance is performed. It is found that there is no an autorecognition defect in the reaction of lymphocytes of the mixed culture in the second time generalized form of epilepsy with favoriable course. In progradient course and medicamental forms the decreased proliferative reaction of lymfocytes showing the same nature of immunopathologic changes takes place. The results obtained suggest the possible importance of autoimmune disorders in pathogenesis of progradient course of epilepsy.

The clinical peculiarities of epileptiform syndromes in children with chronic cerebral leptomeningitis are studied. The various electrophysiologic characteristics of epileptiform syndromes in patients with chronic cerebral leptomeningitis of different etiology are shown. The differentiational therapy is proposed.

The clinicopsychologic examination of 310 patients suffering from traumatic epilepsy is performed. The basic clinical manifestation of the prodromal period of traumatic epilepsy is the combination of cerebrasthenic symptomatology with parasomnipathic disorders of paroxysmal nature.

The diagnosis, clinical picture, problems of patogenesis and emergency medical service in myasthenia and Lambert-Iton’s syndrome are considered, for the most part in crises with disorders in respiration and cardiac activity, crisis states in Tomsen’s myotonia and dystrophyc myotonia as well as in the large group of so-called dispotassemic paralyses, thyrotoxic myopathy and some other rarer forms of neuromuscular diseases.

The clinical and experimental-and-psychologic examination of 72 patients with infantile cerebral paralysis aged 16 to 35 years is performed. The adapted variant of MMPI, Kettel’s 16-factor questionnaire and so on are used for the examination of patients’ personality. As many as 56 patients are treated by means of Rodjer’s group psychotherapy course. The tendency to progressive smoothing over psychogenetic pathologic development of the personality of a deficient type in adult patients with infantile cerebral paralysis is revealed. The individual psychologic perculiarities of patients with infantile cerebral paralysis in late residual period as well as their dependence on the overwhelming neurologic syndrome and the degree of motor function disorders are described. The group psychotherapy results in the increase of activity, sociability, self-reliance and decrease of emotional instability.

The conditions of partial sensory isolation are typical for the buildings of the windowless and skylightless type widely used in modern production. The subjective investigation data and instrumental methods allow to estimate the psychologic microclimate of persons working in the conditions of partial sensory isolation as unfavourable. It is confirmed by a high level of potential labour fluidity, tiredntss in the production process, negative reaction of psychogalvanic reflex, asthenization of organism, values of diagnostic coefficients of the scales of hysteria, phobia, depression, vegetative disorders on the pathologic level.

The general-purpose mechanisms of the formation of psychical phenomena in gynecologic and obstetric pathology are considered, in particular, in climacteric, premenstrual syndrome, castration, pregnancy, amenorrhea, sterility and etc. It is concluded that such physical factors as personal peculiarities of a patient, a type of response to the disease, information of the disease and prospect of the physician’s prognosis are significant for the gynecologic pathology.

The resultes of examinations of hydroion balance (acid-base equilibrium, circulating blood volume, content of potassium and sodium in plasma and erythrocytes in 145 patients with grave forms of alcoholic abstinent syndrome are given. The data presented allow to justify the objective criteria suggesting the possibility of development of epileptic attacks within the limits of grave abstinent syndrome and underline the decisive role of the elimination of pathologic shifts of acid-base equilibrium and water-and-electrolyte balance by means of directional differented correction to prevent graver state as well as to increase the efficiency of the treatment.

100 years ago (1894), an article by V.V. Nikolaev appeared in the journal Neurological Bulletin under the modest title: “About the end of n. vagi in the heart." The author performed his research in the physiological laboratory of Kazan University, led by Professor N.A. Mislavsky.

The Academy of Sciences of Tatarstan reacted with great attention and hope to the resumption of the publication of the journal Neurological Bulletin. We sincerely welcome its revival!

The Kazan Medical School of Neurologists and Psychiatrists is remarkable for its achievements. The scientific merits of scientists in this field of medicine, their contribution to the development of science and practice are generally recognized. The rich traditions laid down within the walls of the university by the founder of experimental psychology in Russia, V.M. Bekhterev, whose work determined the further development of Russian neurology, the studies of his students and followers, give confidence that the pages of the journal will once again serve to expand and raise to a higher level. level of fundamental research.

After 75 years, one of the most respected and oldest journals, the Neurological Bulletin, is returning to us. Its discovery in 1893 under the editorship of the prominent scientist V.M. Bekhterev is a special date in the history of both medical periodicals and neurology. For 26 years, it was published annually in 4 issues, despite historical cataclysms and financial difficulties. For a quarter of a century, a large readership has met on the pages of the journal with a wide variety of materials from the field of neurology, neuropathology and psychiatry. It published their work as well-known scientists and practitioners, lawyers.

Our journal provides for the publication of articles on the following topics: editorials (disclose any problem); original articles (contain the results of specific scientific developments); to help a practical doctor (recommendations in matters of treatment, rehabilitation, diagnosis, etc.); notes from practice (generalize their own experience, original observations, etc.); lectures (can be presented according to the generally accepted plan, including sections on the history of the issue, etiology, clinic, etc., or built according to the type of clinical analysis with the disclosure of the topic); reviews; issues of healthcare organization; new about medicines; history of medicine; teaching issues; round table discussions; reviews; chronicle; anniversaries; messages; obituaries.