Vol 28, No 3 (2025)

Introductioin. Polycomponent medicines are widely used in traditional medicine of many countries. Herb teas are a striking example of a traditional herbal preparation. The determination of their complete chemical composition will allow us to assume the direction of physiological activity. One of the main classes of biologically active substances of medicinal plants are essential oils with a variety of pharmacological effects, including antibacterial, sedative, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antispasmodic activity. In connection with the above, it is relevant to study essential oils both in the herb teas and in the final dosage form – infusion.

The aim of the study is to determine the component composition of essential oils of herb teas, manufactured by the APHCI "RCHRT "Center of Oriental medicine", and identify the components that pass into the infusion – final dosage form.

Material and methods. The object of the study was polycomponent herb teas according to the prescriptions of the traditional Tibetan medicine, manufactured by the APHCI “RCHRT “Center of Oriental medicine”, which including only pharmacopoeial species. Essential oils from the herb teas were isolated by hydrodistillation, and from infusions by hexane extraction. The qualitative composition and quantitative content of the essential oil components were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Results. The essential oils of the polycomponent herb teas according to the prescriptions of the traditional Tibetan medicine, manufactured by the APHCI "RCHRT "Center of Oriental medicine" were studied. The chemical constituents is represented by mono- and sesquiterpene compounds, the qualitative composition and relative contents of individual components vary depending on the herb teas composition. It is noted that less volatile components of essential oils are present in the obtained infusions.

Conclusions. The obtained data indicate that the herb teas, depending on the plants used, contain essential oil, the components of which, passing into the infusion, along with other biologically active substances, can have a complex polytarget pharmacological effect.

Introduction. The idea of using polymeric compositions in medicine that can modulate regeneration phases and directly influence them in order to improve the potential of recovery has found its application in the development of polymer-based compositions for the treatment of tissue damage. A wide range of polymers of natural and synthetic origin allows one to select the composition of the polymer composition or additionally chemically modify it to impart new properties to the material. Currently created wound dressings often do not always allow achieving the expected therapeutic effects, so the task of creating new polymeric compositions is relevant and of great interest in medical society.

The aim of this study is to develop a scientific and methodological approach to expanding the range of polymeric materials for the therapy of wound surfaces.

Material and methods. The development of a scientific and methodological approach for an objective assessment of the prospects for creating polymeric materials for the therapy of wound surfaces was carried out using information retrieval databases (ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, PubMed).

Results. Based on the results of the study of information retrieval and library databases, it was found that the main problem arising in the development of polymer compositions is adhesion - the total surface area of the drug contact with the wound increases the effectiveness of therapy due to the complex effect on the entire wound bed. The key parameter in this case is adhesion - the phenomenon of interaction between dissimilar bodies during their intermolecular contact. Polymer compositions can be used to significantly increase the efficiency of regeneration, as well as to create optimal conditions in the wound microenvironment and protection from additional external influences. Biopharmaceutical features and main functional groups of polymeric materials were considered, which should be taken into account when choosing a composition for creating polymer compositions.

Conclusion. The development of a scientific and methodological approach for an objective assessment of the prospects for creating polymeric materials for the therapy of wound surfaces made it possible to formulate the main properties that should be taken into account when choosing the composition of the polymer composition to create a finished product in the therapy of wound surfaces at various stages of healing.

Introduction. Acute venous thrombosis is a socially significant pathology, and therefore the molecular basis of its pathogenesis is attracting close attention from modern scientists. At the same time, the adhesive function performed by CD62P, CD62E and CD62L molecules has not been sufficiently studied, especially under conditions of changes in the synthesis of nitric oxide (II).

The aim. To evaluate the effect of nitric oxide on changes in the expression of intercellular adhesion molecules CD62P, CD62E and CD62L, based on markers of nitrosylating stress in the blood serum of patients with acute venous thrombosis.

Material and methods. Guided by the design of the study, two groups were formed: control – 30 clinically healthy donors and experimental – 30 patients with acute venous thrombosis of the lower extremities. The ELISA sandwich method was used for quantitative analysis of blood serum for CD62P, CD62E and CD62L and nitric oxide (II) synthases, the competitive ELISA method for the determination of nitrothyrosine (NT). Nitric oxide metabolites (nitrates and nitrites) were evaluated using the Metelskaya V.A. method. The formation of bityrosine crosslinking was recorded by the intensity of fluorescent glow.

Results. The concentration of CD62P in the blood serum of healthy donors and patients with acute venous thrombosis was 51.83 [35.13; 80.35] and 131.18 [110.70; 164.32], respectively (p=0.001), which was statistically significantly lower than in healthy individuals; CD62E and CD62L tended to decrease. The concentration of nitric oxide metabolites was 43.15[33.50; 51.12] and 122.8 [71.21; 164.79], respectively (p=0.001), other markers of nitrosylating stress showed multidirectional changes. A direct positive correlation of average strength was found between CD62L and the concentration of nitrates and nitrites.

Conclusion. Nitrosylating stress affects the adhesive function of the endothelium during the formation of a blood clot in the veins, which is accompanied by decreased expression of CD62P, CD62E and CD62L and a multidirectional change in the concentration of marker molecules HC – nitrothyrosine and bityrosine. At the same time, an increase in NOx is noted, which acts as an auxiliary pathway for the synthesis of NO (II). The noted transformations confirm the integration of nitric oxide metabolism and the expression of CD62L, CD62E and CD62L in hypercoagulation.

Introduction. Epidemiological and clinical studies indicate the importance of flavonoid consumption for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in particular. It is known that a diet enriched with flavonoids significantly increases the resistance of red blood cells to oxidative stress. Despite the great interest in flavonoids as potential means of protection against many human diseases, the real contribution of these compounds to maintaining health and the mechanisms by which they act are still unclear. According to available studies, the flavonone hesperidin is an antioxidant, capable of normalizing permeability and strengthening the walls of capillaries, protecting them from the damaging effects of free radicals and peroxide products. In this regard, it was of interest to directly evaluate the effect of both hesperidin itself and its artificial mixtures with amino acids on the permeability of the capillary wall of the brain.

The purpose of the study – study of the effect of the flavonoid hesperidin and its combinations with amino acids (glycine and lysine) on the permeability of cerebral vessels against the background of irradiation.

Material and methods. The objects of the study were the flavonoid hesperidin (isolated from citrus peel) and individual amino acids: lysine (HiMedia Laboratories, India), glycine (Sigma-Aldrich, Merck KGaA, Germany). The effect of hesperidin and the studied mixtures of hesperidin with amino acids mixture I – hesperidin-lysine (1:1) and mixture II – hesperidin-lysine-glycine (1:1:1) it was studied during the height of acute radiation sickness on the transcapillary exchange of the brain of white nonlinear sexually mature white rats. The studied compounds were administered in the form of an aqueous suspension to unirradiated animals and on the background of irradiation. Irradiation was carried out by the method of short-term general radiation exposure on a standard Agat-C therapeutic apparatus (dose 2 Gy, power 0.0171 Gy/sec, RIP 75 mm, area 20×20, Co⁶⁰). Capillary permeability (transcapillary metabolism) was determined by comparing hematocrit and protein content in arterial and venous blood.

Results. Experimental studies confirm the activity of hesperidin and its combination with amino acids for a normalizing effect on the permeability of cerebral vessels. In unirradiated rats, the fluid output from the blood into the tissue was approximately 4.30 ± 0.03 ml for every 100 ml of blood, and the permeability of brain capillaries to protein averaged –2.5 ± 0.27% of the protein lost by tissues for every 100 ml of blood. On the 14th day after radiation exposure (the period of the height of acute radiation sickness in animals of the control group, the fluid output from the capillary bed was 5.9±0.21 ml/%, which was significantly higher than in non-irradiated animals by 37% (p<0.05). The loss of protein by tissues in these animals also significantly increased by more than 5 times compared with the indicators of non-irradiated rats. In rats treated with hesperidin and mixture II before irradiation, a significant decrease was observed after irradiation compared with the control of the permeability of brain capillaries for protein by 72% and 69%, respectively (p<0.05), i.e. about equally. At the same time, index characterizing the release of fluid from the blood into the tissue in these rats did not significantly change in comparison with control animals. At the same time, in rats injected with mixture I, a more pronounced significant decrease in the permeability of brain capillaries to protein by 80% was observed under the same conditions compared with the control, as well as a significant decrease in the release of fluid from the blood into the tissue by 17%.

Conclusions. Hesperidin and its mixtures with amino acids have the ability to strengthen capillary walls against the background of irradiation, leading to an increase in their permeability. It has been established that adding the amino acid lysine to hesperidin increases the effectiveness of its protective action, but not together with glycine. In this regard, the combination of hesperidin with lysine can be recommended for further studies on their use for the prevention of vascular pathology caused by irradiation.

Introduction. Taxus сanadensis Marshall are the shortest shade–tolerant and frost-resistant representatives of relict gymnosperms belonging to the genus Taxus. Valuable yew wood is able to accumulate unique secondary metabolites that have no synthetic analogues and are successfully used in the treatment of oncological diseases. It is known that secondary metabolites of plants play a direct regulatory role in the physiological and biochemical processes of the plant organism. Therefore, at the first stage of our research, it is necessary to determine the features of formation and localization of secondary compounds of phenolic and terpenoid nature with high biological activity in the arils of seeds of plants of the genus Taxus.

The purpose of the study to investigate the features of formation and localization of secondary compounds of phenolic and terpenoid nature with high biological activity in the arils of seeds of plants of the genus Taxus and to determine their cytotoxic effect.

Material and methods. The object of the study was the seed-cones of Canadian yew (Taxus canadensis), collected during the growing season (June-October) from plants introduced in the Moscow region. The localization of phenolic compounds was studied in the appendage (aril) of yew seeds collected at different stages of formation and maturation. To do this, histochemical methods were used: to identify the amount of phenolic compounds, the material was stained with 0.08% Fast Blue reagent raster, and a reaction with vanillin reagent in hydrochloric acid vapor was used to study the localization of flavans (catechins and proanthocyanidins). The localization of terpenoids was determined using NADI reagent. The content of the sum of soluble phenolic compounds, flavans and flavonols in the extracts was determined by the spectrophotometric method. The cytotoxic properties of the extracts were studied using an MTT test.

Results. Plants of the genus Taxus are characterized by the formation of an overgrown fleshy appendage – aril rich in metabolites of primary and secondary origin. It was shown that, during the entire growing season, and at various stages of aril development, the studied parts of the plant have a high ability to biosynthesize secondary compounds of phenolic and terpenoid nature, which were localized in the epidermal cells of the apex and the underlying layer of parenchyma cells, the cells of the basal part of the aril, and also in some idioblasts located in the parenchyma. Flavones are the dominant components of the phenolic complex of aril. localized

Conclusion. Extracts from the vegetative organs of yew plants have pronounced cytotoxic activity, and extractive substances from aril have shown no cytotoxic effect, which indirectly indicates its low toxicity.

The scientific biographical essay is dedicated to Nikolay Petrovich Omelyanenko (1950-2018) - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Laureate of the Lenin Komsomol Prize, an outstanding Soviet and Russian morphologist who worked for many years in the anatomical department of the Research and Educational Center for Biomedical Technologies of the All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (Moscow). The article presents information about the main stages of his scientific and practical activities in Russia and abroad, scientific directions of fundamental and applied research, major scientific works published in Russia and other countries, their role in the development of domestic and foreign science in general, as well as osteoarthrology, traumatology, bioimplantology, morphology, biological and medical chemistry, in particular.