Vol 14, No 1 (2017)

In this publication the problem of cardiovascular comorbidity in the most common rheumatic disorders was discussed. The pathogenesis and clinical features of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory lesions of joints were analyzed. Practical issues of cardiovascular risk evaluation and CVD prevention in rheumatoid arthritis patients were addressed according to the current national and EULAR guidelines. The cardiovascular safety of disease-modifying drugs, including biologics, was highlighted. Evidence-based recommendations for cardiovascular risk management in patients with inflammatory arthritis were summarized.

The analysis of the diagnosis and treatment of primary and secondary myopathies was perfromed. The prospects of raising awareness of their mechanisms and developing methods of pathogenetic action, capable of slowing their progress, improving the quality of life of patients and prolonging life and functional activity were demonstrated.

The analysis of the timing of complications in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus was performed depending on the methods of insulin delivery. The structure of complications in patients with a short history of the primary disease was determined. The most common complications include fatty liver disease, diabetic polyneuropathy, both when syringes and pumping insulin therapy are used. The severity of anxiety and depressive syndrome in children with type 1 diabetes depends on the duration of the disease, the degree of its compensation, and the presence of complications.

The experiments on fertile mice and rats have demonstrated that citrocard refers to the class of low-toxic agents (class IV toxicity, Russian national standard GOST 12.1.007-76). When administered intraperitoneally, the limits of LD50 of citrocard reach 2143,0 (1967,0-2334,8) mg/kg in female mice, in males - 2324,1 (2119,4-2548,6) mg/kg; in female rats 1491,1 (1361,8-1632.6) mg/kg, in males - 1708,5 (1456,0-2004,9) mg/kg. Intragastric administration to mice yielded more than 4000,0 mg/kg, to rats - 3500 (3250,1-3769,1) mg/kg.

The findings of pharmacoeconomic analysis of novel anticoagulants in the treatment of venous thromboembolism are presented. Rivaroxaban, apixaban and dabigatran have proved to lower health care costs as compared to conventional treatment. Budget impact analysis has demonstrated that the introduction of novel anticoagulants can reduce healthcare costs by more than 3 million rubles.

The analysis the correlation between proinflammatory activation markers (homocysteine, oxidized lipoprotein of low density, sVCAM-1, Annexin V) and fibrinolytic activity (PAI-1, t-PA) was conducted in patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower extremities before and after surgery. The revealed correlations between inflammatory marker concentration and increased prothrombotic capacity at the systemic level and in the affected limb remained significant even after reconstructive surgery.

The article presents the study of the techniques of detecting and quantifying mixtures in models of alimemazine urine, saliva and blood plasma. To isolate alimemazine from biological fluids a method of liquid-liquid extraction analyzing the physicochemical properties of the analyte has been suggested. The detection was carried out using TLC and HPLC quantification - HPLC.

The morphostructural changes in pulp and periodontium of abutment teeth in fixed prosthesis were experimentally studied using the method of vital amputation and application of Pulpotec over the period of 1,3 months. Compensatory and proliferative changes involving formation of apically directed fibrosis connective tissue were detected in the pulp. No sings of inflammation were revealed. The periodontium showed an increase in collagen fibers, a decrease in the cellular components as compared to the reference (control) teeth. Increased calcification of cementum and bone matrix was also observed. All these modifications are due to changes in the mineral metabolism, and adaptive restructuring of PDL, caused by increased functional load on the abutment teeth coated with cast crowns.

The efficacy of probiotics, containing lactobacillus сaseir hamnosus spp., and balneotherapy in comprehensive treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV) was evaluated. 107 patients were examined. 51 patients were given probiotics and 56 patients were treated with balneological factors (mud and brine) after receiving Imidazole antimicrobial therapy Complaints, data of objective examination, pH-metry, smear microscopy, bacteriological investigation and a semiquantitative method of a real-time polymerase chain reaction were analyzed to evaluate the efficiency of treatment. After balneological treatment at its second stage, a considerable increase in lactobacillus pool was revealed in a long-term perspective. It was 2.5 times higher than that after probiotics (p < 0,01) were used in conventional treatments to restore the vaginal tract.

Body composition analysis considering preferred fat mass localization was performed in obese patients at the premises of Healthy Food Center (Samara) using an ABC-01 MEDASS component analyzer. The indices whose values are different in upper and lower/homogenous types of obesity have been defined which is important for further diet therapy.

The comparative evaluation of visual and refractive outcomes of correcting moderate myopia with FemtoLASIK using femtosecond systems (Femto Visum, Russia and Femto LDV Z6, Switzerland) was performed. No statistical difference between both systems (p > 0,05) was revealed.

Confocal microscopy was performed to evaluate initial state of the cornea in 48 myopic patients (96 eyes). Measurements were repeated in the setting of orthokeratological contact lenses application. It was determined that confocal microscopy allows estimating safety of orthokeratological lens application in a specific patient with consideration to histomorphological state of the cornea.

127 eyes of 116 patients with progressive keratoconus stage 1-2 (classification Amsler-Krumeich), were divided into 2 groups depending on the method of CXL. The main group included 64 eyes underwent the procedure CTFCXL using femtosecond laser. The control group consisted of 63 eyes undergone standard CXL. The main and control group were divided into 2 subgroups: the 1st subgroup - eyes with I stage of keratoconus. 2nd subgroup - eyes with II stage. CTFCXL is an effective method for stabilization progressive keratoconus at 3 years of follow-up, providing improved of functional indicators comparable with the standard CXL, and minimizing the risk of complications.

Five female patients (5 eyes) have been operated on for secondary endothelial corneal dystrophy accompanied by pseudophakia using a posterior lamellar femtosecond laser keratoplasty and a 70-micron thickness corneal graft. The 70-micron thickness graft which was formed using a femtosecond laser has been reported to hold the potential to survive sufficiently long after posterior lamellar keratoplasty and provides good structural and functional outcomes.

In case of primary corneal graft failure following penetrating keratoplasty, conservative treatment approaches appear to have no effect. The only treatment option in this situation is early-stage regrafting. To reduce the likelihood of immune conflicts, it is appropriate to apply topical immunosuppressant medications (cyclosporine eye drops 0,05%) postoperatively.

We studied variant anatomy of the dentomaxillary (192) and dentomandibular segments (1040). We defined the ideal intraosseous needle injection site, the pattern of the spread of the fluid which is administered intraosseously from the site of injection. The use of an intraosseous needle injection site depends on the localization of the pathological focus.

The article deals with metabolic and hemodynamic disorders, as well as the pathologics of organs and systems associated with obesity. The prerequisites for the creation of new national clinical guidelines «Diagnosis, treatment, prevention of obesity and related diseases» are given.