Vol 10, No 2 (2013)

Effective and safe diuretic torasemide has additional effects of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockage. Torasemide can be used as monotherapy or combined with other antihypertensives. In low doses torasemide produces pronounced antihypertensive effect without augmentation of excretion of potassium and water with urine. Long-term administration of torasemide was not associated with significant effects on lipid, purine, carbohydrate, or electrolyte metabolism parameters. Torasemide particularly effective in postmenopausal women, as these women are more likely formed low-renin hypertension. Therefore, torasemide can be used more widely in modern clinical practice.

Objective: to identify the factors influencing compliance with lifestyle modification for the primary and secondary prevention of arterial hypertension (AH) in an organized population. Subjects and methods. The investigation enrolled 435 subjects (339 men and 96 women). The mean age of shop workers was 43 (range 33 to 49) years. The investigation program consisted of filling out a questionnaire containing sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric data, information on the presence of bad habits and AH. Blood pressure, total blood cholesterol, and cardiovascular risk were determined in all the subjects included in the investigation. After examination, they were all recommended to observe healthy lifestyle and to modify risk factors, if any. The investigators implemented systematic prophylactic measures. Interim assessments of results were made during annual prophylactic examinations. Results. Education and age were factors that influence compliance with lifestyle modification. Compliance was found to increase with age. Assessment of the importance of education level for compliance with medications to prevent AH demonstrated that the subjects with lower (secondary) education were less compliant. At the same time, our investigation revealed no significant impact of an occupational factor on compliance. There was simultaneously a trend suggesting that the women were more compliant with nondrug therapy; however, the differences failed to achieve the level of statistical significance. Conclusion. Education and age were factors that influence compliance with lifestyle modification. At the same time, our investigation did not reveal any gender differences or any significant influence of an occupational factor on compliance.

Aim: to evaluate the antihypertensive efficacy and effects of telmisartan and losartan on metabolic parameters in patients with arterial hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Subjects and methods. A blind randomized, controlled, parallel group comparative (telmisartan versus losartan for 24 weeks) trial enrolled 60 patients with arterial hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Results. Significant differences were found in favor of telmisartan in antihypertensive activity, cardio-, angio-, and nephroprotection and ability to improve lipid and carbohydrate metabolic parameters. Only did telmisartan reduce the manifestations of insulin resistance and hyperleptinemia in patients with hypertension and obesity. Therapy with telmisartan versus losartan exerted a pronounced positive effect on anthropometric parameters and fat deposition rate. The drugs were found to be well tolerated and to cause no adverse reactions in both groups.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a clinical and laboratory symptom complex that encompasses abdominal obesity, carbohydrate and fat metabolic disturbances, arterial hypertension (AH), and target organ involvement. The drugs of first choice in the management of patients with AH and MS are renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) in particular, when combined with calcium antagonists (CA), which have been proven to be metabolically neutral and able to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A fixed-dose combination of the ARB losartan and the CA amlodipine has additional capabilities to affect the components of MS due to higher adiponectin and lower uric acid levels.

The paper gives the data of Russian guidelines for the diagnosis and approaches to treating metabolic syndrome. It considers the choice of antihypertensive drugs in the treatment of hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome. The benefits of angiotensin II receptor blockers are shown. The results of a number of trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of irbesartan used to manage arterial hypertension in metabolic syndrome are analyzed.

In recent decades cardiovascular (CVD) and COPD diseases are widespread around the world, leading to a high prevalence of patients with comorbidity, especially arterial hypertension (AH) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and/or bronchial asthma (BA). The growing number of patients with this comorbidity is due to increased hypertension, COPD, and asthma comorbidities, with the increase of the geriatric population of patients with these pathologies. Epidemiological studies have shown that the deterioration of lung function is as strong a predictor of cardiovascular mortality, as well as major cardiovascular risk factors. However, spirometry in patients with CVD is carried out infrequently. Inadequate spirometric diagnostics of COPD and asthma, especially in patients with cardiovascular disease, affects the clinical course of both diseases, leading to inappropriate treatment and poor prognosis for the patient. The need for extensive screening spirometry in all patients with CVD is not proven. Thera are no spirometry reference values in patients with CVD, which makes it almost impossible to use these parameters in stratification of CV risk. This dictates the need for further research to clarify the relationship between the severity and characteristics of the various CVD and spirometric parameters.

До настоящего времени артериальная гипертензия (АГ) остается одной из главных проблем здравоохранения. Такая ситуация связана как с большим распространением АГ, так и с тем обстоятельством, что это состояние является одним из главных факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний [1]. По данным федеральной целевой программы «Профилактика и лечение артериальной гипертензии в Российской Федерации», в 2009 г. распространенность АГ среди населения России составила 40,8% [2]. Из этого числа 86,3% знали о наличии у них этого заболевания. При этом антигипертензивные препараты (АГП) принимали 69,5% пациентов с АГ, из них только у 27,3% получаемое лечение было эффективно. Хотя этот показатель повысился по сравнению с 2003–2004 гг. (когда он составлял 24,9%), у большинства пациентов контроль артериального давления (АД) до сих пор остается неудовлетворительным