Vol 10, No 1 (2013)

Aim. To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of the selective imidazoline I1-receptor agonist moxonidine versus the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril in patients with uncomplicated hypertensive crisis (UHC). Subjects and methods. Two hundred and twenty-five patients (125 women, 100 men) aged 56,2±14,4 years with UHC were examined. The patients were randomized to a group of once-daily 0.4 mg moxonidine orally (n=113) and a group of once-daily 25 mg captopril (n=112). Dynamic measurements of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate, electrocardiogram recording, and determinations of blood creatinine, potassium, and glucose levels were made along with general clinical examination. The efficacy indices in patients were time to the onset of antihypertensive action, degree of BP lowering, and duration of antihypertensive effect. duration. 24-hour BP monitoring was used to evaluate the efficacy of the drugs compared. The time course of changes in the parameters was analyzed for 12 hours. Results. Both groups achieved an antihypertensive effect as a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic BP 30 and 60 min after therapy initiation, respectively; at the same time BP decreases did not exceed 25% of the baseline levels. Moxonidine was found to be more effective mainly in the duration of its antihypertensive effect with a steady BP decline throughout the follow-up. There was evidence that moxonidine exerted a positive metabolic effect, particularly in significantly reducing blood creatinine levels. In the moxonidine group, the patients with above satisfactory efficacy were 26,9% significantly more and those with above satisfactory tolerance were 18,8% more. Conclusion. The findings suggest that moxonidine versus captopril is highly effective and well tolerated in patients with UHC. The drug may be successfully used to treat UHC, starting in the prehospital period, especially in patients with concomitant diseases (diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, chronic renal failure).

Aim: to study the clinical characteristics of patients with hypertensive disease (HD) in the first decade of the 21st century versus the mid-1980s, by using multivariate statistical methods for the further optimization of therapeutic and diagnostic guidelines. Materials and methods. 234 case histories of patients with HD in the periods 1985 to 1987 (Group 1) and 2010–2012 (Group 2) were analyzed. Factor analysis of 110 signs identified 7 factors or leading symptom complexes. Results. Comparison of HD patients’ portraits in the mid-1980s and the first decade of the 21st century may lead to a number of main conclusions: firstly, HD has undergone certain alternations in the past quarter of a century, which is associated with changes in both the socioeconomic characteristics of society and those in approaches to therapy and with the advent of novel groups of antihypertensive drugs; secondly, the emergence of drugs with a proven nephroprotective effect (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers) resulted in the reduced negative impact of BP on renal functions. Thus, three of the seven factors in Group 1 are directly related to the renal function of patients with HD while Group 2 shows only one factor of systemic and intraglomerular hypertension; thirdly, metabolic disturbances assume great importance in the characterization of Group 2 patients. Metabolic syndrome is typical of them; fourthly, for the patients of the early 21st century, of particular significance is tobacco smoking that is not only a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases in general, but also a factor influencing of the diurnal BP variation that promotes the formation of its particularly unfavorable variants – a night peaker, and finally fifthly, the patients of the early 21st century are characterized by a greater adherence to systemic antihypertensive therapy, which positively affects primarily on the course of the disease, by preventing target organ damage. Conclusion. The findings make it possible to optimize therapeutic and diagnostic efforts in patients with HD and to make more goal-oriented secondary prevention of complications.

Reorganization of the drug supply is one of the most important parts of the Russian health care reform. Pharmacoepidemiology is one of the sections of clinical pharmacology, the study of the results of the application and effects of drugs in large groups. The aim of the study was the analysis of pharmacoepidemiological and validity purpose diuretic therapy in patients with hypertension and chronic heart failure in clinical practice. A comparative analysis of retrospective pharmacoepidemiological diuretic in the hospital according to the sources of primary medical records for 2010-2012. - Continuous sampling histories hospital regional center and district hospitals in Krasnodar Krai (435 patients). The results of our study showed an active and relevant guidance documents use of diuretics doctors practical medicine. There have been no use of diuretics is the testimony and in the presence of contraindications, revealed no excess doses and irrational combinations. Can be considered a positive increase in the activity of torasemide destination due to the impact of the drug on the prognosis of the disease, which can be realized through antialdosterone effect and influence on depozitsiyu collagen. Analysis of contemporary domestic and foreign recommendations GB and CHF, as well as evidence-based data suggests that the use of diuretics is a stable long-term trends in the pharmacotherapy of cardiac disease, so you need to continue to assess the quality of the clinical use of pharmacological agents, to raise awareness doctors about clinical situations with the need to connect with spironolactone and acetazolamide, as well as a new indication and especially the appointment of torasemide in patients with chronic heart failure, hypertension, as reflected in clinical guidelines and "standards of primary health care workers in essential hypertension (hypertension) "Health Ministry.

In the last years several studies demonstrated the important role of aldosterone not only in the development of arterial hypertension bur also in the development of cardiovascular complications. Growing investigations have recognized the important role of aldosterone in the development of left ventricular hypertrophy, the myocardial fibrosis and changes in the wall of the carotid arteries. This article provides a clinical case of hypertensive patient with primary hyperaldosteronism. The dynamics of blood pressure, the state of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, left ventricular myocardium and carotid arteries were analized in the preoperative period, and in one year follow-up after the successful removal of the aldosteroma

The use of b-blockers is of particular interest now. There are the pros and cons of prescribing these drugs. Thus, a considerable body of the papers that cast doubt on the role of b-blockers in elderly patients with arterial hypertension (AH) in preventing chronic heart failure and enhancing exercise endurance in patients with AH has been published since 2006–2008. However, the Russian guidelines have retained indications for the use of b-blockers that are indispensable drugs in the treatment of AH with high comorbidity. The paper analyzes the most studied b-blockers