Vol 13, No 11 (2023)

Автором статьи проведен экономический анализ влияния показателей финансовой устойчивости на экономический рост в Ираке.Результаты анализы дают представление о будущих значениях показателях финансовой устойчивости и позволяют выявить факторы, оказывающие влияние на показатели финансовой устойчивости. Исследование направлено на проверку гипотезы о том, что существует обратная корреляция между направленностью инструментов финансовой политики и показателями финансовой устойчивости. В ходе исследования было сделано много выводов, наиболее важным из которых является существование обратной зависимости между темпами роста налоговых поступлений и общим государственным долгом к индексу валового внутреннего продукта, а экономическая стабильность представляет собой необходимое условие для роста. Исследование показало, что показатель отношения государственного долга к ВВП является одним из наиболее распространенных и часто используемых заинтересованными странами и учреждениями при оценке уровня долга. Соотношение государственного долга к ВВП в Ираке, а также выбор соответствующего подхода к составлению бюджета и не принятие ряда бюджетных статей в нынешних условиях Ирака основано на том факте, что общий бюджет - это финансовый план, составленный для достижения экономических целей и максимально возможного удовлетворения потребностей общества.

This article analyzes how companies in India implement the national policy on disclosing ESG information.The author has analyzed voluntary and legislative initiatives to consider ESG factors in corporate activities, reviewed key national regulators promoting ESG disclosure policies, identified measures of government support for the corporate ESG agenda, and found that the main driver of ESG implementation in India is the state, not private initiatives. At the same time, there are pros and cons to strengthening state control over Indian companies' ESG reporting. On the one hand, this process creates a new large market for financial instruments, including those related to clean energy, and new jobs. On the other hand, there is weak enforcement of new ESG legislation, increased costs for companies, and greenwashing. The results of this study will be of interest to researchers and consultancies working on sustainable development, as well as to public authorities in various countries involved in the development of national ESG agendas.

Since the 1980s, trade liberalization has changed the competitive landscape for firms in African countries, forcing them to develop market-oriented strategies to improve efficiency. However, the strategies adopted have tended to focus on middle-income urban consumers and have not taken into account the needs and opportunities of lower-middle-income (i.e. poor) consumers. The article presents the results of a study on the role of marketing in economic growth and competitive strategies of African firms in African countries. The article will be of interest to marketing specialists, Africanists, and anyone interested in the problems of international economic relations.

The article is devoted to the implementation of the regional policy of stimulating economic growth in the new realities of the ever-increasing complexity of system-forming relations inherent in the modern type of reproduction. The article presents the characteristics of global trends that have the most noticeable impact on the dynamics of the regional economy. It is noted that their impact is complex and contradictory. In the context of the special relevance of the problems of adaptation of the regional economy to the challenges and threats of the external environment, the priority tasks of regional management are identified. A cross-functional model of stimulating regional development based on a comprehensive policy of improving the quality of management of the process of developing and implementing innovative development programs is proposed. The expediency of achieving a regional innovation consensus as a necessary condition for its effective implementation is substantiated.

The costs of creating infrastructure facilities in the field of physical education and sports in Russia leave much to be desired and, under the conditions of sanctions, do not cover the needs of society for services in this area. Therefore, the question of the budgetary funds efficiency and ways to attract private investments in the field of physical culture and sports remains very relevant. In this article, the author conducted an analysis of public-private partnership in Russia. The study was conducted at two levels: federal and regional. Based on the analysis, the need to improve the attraction of private investments is justified. According to the criteria for allocating public funds, this requires transparency. The main research goal was to systematize the existing mechanisms for attracting private investments in physical education and sports. Taking into account the specifics of this area, the author examined the main trends in the development of entrepreneurship in this area. It is concluded that in the interaction of the state and the private sector, there should be a balance of interests between the interests of the businessman and social tasks that should serve the interests of society.

The authors of the article focus on the need to substantiate and systematize the problems associated with the specifics of the implementation of regional social policy (on the example of the Volgograd region).Issues related to the need to improve the welfare of citizens of the Russian Federation are highlighted. The classification of factors influencing the level of well-being of the population and the quality of life is given. All factors can be classified according to different criteria: by the nature of their occurrence (social, natural, anthropogenic), by the nature of implementation (spontaneous, targeted), by importance (according to the magnitude of the economic effect of possible consequences).Thus, it becomes clear that the well-being of the citizens of the constituent entity is formed, on the one hand, by the existing potential of the region (positive impact), and on the other hand, by emerging threats (negative impact). As a result of the ratio of the severity of these components and the processes of their management, a certain level of quality of life of the territory is formed.

Modern problems of socio-economic development dictate the need for a systematic approach to improving the directions of tax policy and, in particular, income taxation, taking into account all the problems, factors and conditions that determine the effectiveness of its mechanisms. The study identifies the key problems and specifics of the income tax system in Russia at the present stage of development. On the basis of the identified problems, the basic principles and directions of improving income taxation are substantiated. The analysis of the existing income tax system in Russia revealed serious contradictions that have a systemic negative impact on the effectiveness of socio-economic processes. The main directions of improving income taxation mechanisms proposed in the article can be used by government authorities, municipalities and relevant departments as advisory provisions when developing measures to improve tax policy. The main results and provisions of the article can be used in further research as a basis for improving the income taxation mechanism and developing the parameters of the income tax scale and system.Acknowledgments:The research was carried out within the framework of the state order of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences No. 075-01134-23-00 for 2023 and for the planned period of 2024 and 2025.

The article is devoted to the study of modern particularities of PR in financial companies operating in global markets. The main objectives of this article are to analyze the financial markets and the main trends affecting public relations in this sector. The relevance of this article lies in the importance of identifying new challenges and opportunities for PR in the field of finance in order to provide banking and investment business with leading positions in various countries of the world. The synergy of PR and financial organizations allows companies in this market segment to most successfully create marketing campaigns to enter new markets. A brief analysis of the trends in public relations affecting the financial sector will allow to understand the vector of the industry itself and the prospects for the PR development.

The study is aimed at identifying key trends in the development of bank lending to small and medium-sized businesses in Russia under the influence of macroeconomic shocks and sanctions pressure on business. When conducting the research, both general theoretical and special research methods were used. They are as follows: systematization, induction, deduction, comparison, analogy, generalization, and analysis of structure and dynamics. The article provides a comparative analysis of the structure and dynamics of loans provided in Russia as a whole and in the context of federal districts, and loans and overdue debt of small and medium-sized businesses. Based on the analysis, a space of scenarios for the development of financing and lending to small and medium-sized businesses is presented. The authors propose to consider the development forecast in the short and long term in the form of forecast scenarios, taking into account the policies of two key entities providing support and lending to this business segment: the state and commercial banks. The research results may be interesting and useful for researchers and experts in the field of banking, innovative economics, and stakeholders involved in the agenda of financing and supporting the development of small and medium-sized businesses in Russia.FUNDING: The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 23-28-01690, https://rscf.ru/project/23-28-01690/

The article analyzes modern investment strategies offered by world-class hedge funds to their clients. Investors of this class have always been distinguished by increased sophistication in the development of their investment strategies, which brought them greater returns than other institutional investors with a comparable level of risk.The macroeconomic events of recent years have had a negative impact on the entire global economy and the global financial market in particular. Today, the force majeure factors of external influence have not been eliminated. Therefore, it seems very relevant and timely to conduct a risk analysis in the investment strategies of hedge funds, taking into account modern conditions. This is the purpose of the article.The main types of investment strategies most frequently used by hedge funds are analyzed. Special attention is paid to restructuring and capital hedging strategies. It is concluded that the investment strategies of hedge funds are more effective in comparison with other institutional investors in 2019-2023.Digital data for the study were obtained from official sources of statistical information: CFA Institute, Barclays, Preqin, etc., specializing in the investment activities of hedge funds and other types of institutional investors.

The article discusses the main aspects of practical assessment of the effectiveness of the development and implementation of a BI system for static and dynamic visualizations. A methodology for calculating the effectiveness of innovative projects for the development and implementation of a BI system has been proposed and tested. The effectiveness of the implementation of a real innovative project of a company BI system was assessed. The authors touch upon the problem of researching a system for assessing the effectiveness of the development and implementation of business analytics programs, which has not previously been studied in the national scientific literature. This article will be relevant for organizations dealing with the problems of static and dynamic visualizations in order to draw analytical conclusions and develop practical proposals for management solutions. This study will also be useful to the top management of modern organizations involved in the development of innovative IT solutions.

The enclave nature of the development of the raw materials sector in the region leads to the fact that the implementation of large-scale projects for the development of deposits of raw materials does not generate significant socio-economic effects and does not contribute to the balanced sustainable development of the regional economy. An alternative model for the development of the raw materials sector is the resource and innovation cluster. The article presents the features of the resource and innovation cluster and reveals its importance for the regional economy. On the basis of the proposed methodology, the possibilities and potential of the formation of an oil and gas resource and innovation cluster in the Krasnoyarsk Territory are evaluated. The results obtained allow to conclude that there is sufficient potential for the formation of an oil and gas resource and innovation cluster in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. However, the transition from an enclave model of the development of the raw materials sector to a resource and innovation cluster requires certain efforts of regional authorities. The article discusses the main measures that stimulate the formation of a resource and innovation cluster.Acknowledgments:The research was carried out with the plan of research work of IEIE SB RAS, project 5.6.3.2. (0260-2021-0005) «Driving forces and mechanisms of development of cooperation and integration processes in the Siberian economy» No. 121040100279-5.

Transport infrastructure is one of the fundamental conditions for the development of economic life within both individual territories and the country as a whole. The development of transportation system makes it possible to provide the integral existence economic, political and cultural subspaces. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to ensure not only extensive infrastructure development, but also its intensive development, which includes, in particular, new principles. This is so-called trend towards the creation of seamless infrastructure, which is especially relevant for large cities and agglomerations. The article highlights the trends of transport and infrastructure development in the digital economy, including the prospects of a seamless transportation system. The authors note that the desire to create a seamless transportation system is closely related to the processes of digitalization of the economy and requires modernization of transport infrastructure. The development of transport infrastructure is a key factor in the development of transport systems and the economy as a whole.

The increasing influence of geopolitical and geo-economic factors on mutually beneficial market partnerships with foreign business structures in medicine negatively affects the provision of the national economy with medical supplies: various types of medicines, goods, medical products, etc. The access of domestic business structures to modern technologies in science-intensive areas of medicine is limited.This require large-scale import substitution and expansion of the introduction of domestic high-tech innovative products into practical healthcare that can contribute to the preservation and strengthening of the health of the Russian population. Effective marketing and behavioral adaptation of medical institutions under the conditions of the mobilization factor, based on the expansion of import-substituted medical products, becomes a source of competitive advantages in the field of medical services. An expanding set of advertising and marketing tools through the implementation of the principles of contextual advertising 2.0 in the process of resource-compensation management of business development, taking into account the multidirectional influence of a multi-vector set of factors, allows achieving the desired result while increasing the trust of target consumers in the range of medical services. The communication permeability of partners in the communication fields created by the structures of the medical sphere can contribute to the achievement of marketing and behavioral sufficiency in synchronizing the behavioral reactions of the interacting parties to receive the desired set of medical services by the target customers of the medical market. The proposed model of managing the competitiveness of subjects of the medical services market implements rational marketing and behavioral adaptation of consumers to the challenges of a turbulent market and the needs of target consumers in the context of the intellectualization of innovative changes by improving communication channels between medical institutions and the population based on contextual advertising 2.0, as well as by attracting business structures that informatively ensure such interaction.

The article analyzes the likely problems of the military-industrial complex after the end of a special military operation. The authors consider the management features of the military-industrial companies and their share and importance in the country's economy. It is noted that it is the defense industry companies that are the drivers in the current conditions, but they continue to remain focused exclusively on the production of military products. In the event of a sharp reduction in the state defense order, this will entail the beginning of new production cuts and the weakening of entire manufacturing industries. Specific measures aimed at preparing for the implementation of the state program to preserve the potential of the defense industry in the post-crisis period are proposed.

The study shows the main factors influencing the priority of choosing projects to ensure the technological sovereignty of the machine tool industry. The authors' definition of the concept of technological sovereignty is given. The method of expert assessments is presented and tested when choosing priority projects to ensure technological sovereignty. Meanwhile, there are no unambiguous methods for evaluating technological sovereignty projects to date. Traditional methods of evaluating investment projects on technological sovereignty can be used, but these projects have their own characteristics.Thus, new approaches to the methodology of evaluating these projects are needed. Accordingly, the technological sovereignty of the machine tool industry of the country is the technological independence of the strategic industries of the industry, taking into account the nomenclature of production equipment and the share of domestic innovation in technology competing with advanced technology and samples of finished products of world leaders. In the process of testing the methodology for assessing the priority of projects to ensure technological sovereignty on the example of the Ivanovo machine-building company, it was revealed that according to the Technical and Economic Criterion, Production Readiness for Changes and Financial and Economic Parameters have the highest priority. According to the Personnel Criterion, Personnel Readiness to Work in New Conditions and Labor Productivity have the highest priority. According to the Information Criterion, Production Capacity and Energy the most priority have the highest priority. According to the criterion of Financial and Economic parameters, Financial sustainability and Input Intensity have the highest priority. Finally, according to the Risk Criterion, Risky Commercial Parameters and Risky Financial Parameters have the highest priority.

The article is devoted to the problems of Russian power engineering development. Energy consumption in the world is growing; and this growth will continue. To ensure stable power supply, it is necessary to have enough resources, including advanced equipment, because most of the equipment is outdated and needs to be replaced. The dependence of the Russian market on imports amidst an unstable political situation and the ever-expanding sanctions creates significant risks in the field of energy security and raises the question of import substitution policy. The article proposes and analyzes strategies to get out of the current situation. The article discusses the following problems: import supply interruption problems, the technical backlog of domestic power engineering with limited nomenclature and production volumes, insufficient RD financing, and a small number of domestic turnkey projects. These problems can be solved only if there is an organizational and economic mechanism and a model of cross-sectoral vertical interaction of actors in the development of the domestic power engineering market.This will allow to develop sound management decisions, control financial flows, and distribute the positive effects among the participants of the integration process.

The article examines the current priority directions in the development of the local market of chemical products, which occupy a significant part of the gross product in the economy of the Crimean region.On the basis of the presented analytical and statistical review of the chemical industry of the Russian Federation as a whole and the Republic of Crimea in particular, the production, territorial and spatial problems of the chemical industry appeared as a result of the sanctions policy, the shortage of imported components and the objective necessity of reorientation to new markets and development of import substitution were identified. The reasons for inhibiting the development of the chemical sphere are revealed; and possible ways and mechanisms of accelerating the development of the chemical industry are suggested.A comparative economic analysis of the chemical industry development in the Russian Federation as a whole and in the Republic of Crimea in particular over the past five years was conducted, and development trends were identified.The characteristics of the local market of chemical products of the Crimean region from the point of view of economic geography and development potential are given.As a result of the research, promising priorities of the local chemical products market in the economy of the Crimean region are formulated. They determine an integrated approach to its development in the current conditions, taking into account economic, environmental and social aspects, measures and mechanisms to achieve the goals.

The article discusses the concept of green economy in relation to swamp ecosystems, which are the most significant in ecological terms and at the same time the most vulnerable type of natural biotopes. Economic losses from restrictions on the use of raw materials exceeding the maximum permissible concentration of caesium-137 leads to a significant decrease in the efficiency of environmental management of swamp ecosystems. The article substantiates the application of remediation measures and economic mechanisms of environmental management to achieve sustainable land management. The author proposes a model for assessing the economic and environmental efficiency of remediation of swamp ecosystems, which will allow, based on the analysis of the distribution of caesium-137 in peat soil and ecosystem components by its specific activity, to estimate the planned costs of remediation and, comparing with the economic damage from abandoning the use of polluted natural resources, to calculate the economic and environmental efficiency of the remediation process swamp ecosystems.

The article examines the marketplace segmentation and sales funnel features. The development of electronic platforms can be called rapid and not subject to the laws of price competition. Trends in recent years show an increasing interest in online shopping, regardless of prices and choices. The marketplace acts as an information intermediary between sellers and potential customers, who can select and compare offers in one place and get acquainted with product reviews. The marketplace segmentation features by models and by categories of goods and services are considered. Electronic marketplaces are receiving accelerated development in modern conditions. The authors note that there are a large number of segments in which their own electronic sales platforms are developing. Market leaders are enlarging due to the transformation of the market infrastructure; and the sales funnel is being modified. In the course of the study, authors come to the conclusion that the main marketing methods of working with potential buyers in the modern development of marketplaces are no longer price and other types of competition. The main ways to attract and retain customers are the sales funnel and recommendation technologies for deeper customer segmentation.

Related to transforming the economic base, more and more companies are introducing a process-oriented approach, which significantly simplifies the functioning and, provided competent management, leads to higher financial results. Within the framework of this article, the problems of business process management of tourism companies are discussed, which, due to the lack of elaboration in the scientific literature, will be of interest to their representatives and, possibly, to the governmental bodies overseeing the development of the tourism industry. The research conducted allowed to draw conclusions about the transformation of views on the final result of the business process based on the study of approaches to the interpretation of this concept in historical retrospect. The article also elaborates an algorithm for managing business processes for tourism companies, detailing the procedure for describing, specifying the duality of problems in managing business processes, particularizing goals, tasks, and supporting documents, as well as highlighting specific features of managing business processes aimed at company innovatization.

In the article, the authors consider universities from the perspective of business organizations that are full-fledged active market entities. It is emphasized that the application of terms related to entrepreneurship to universities indicates only the types of connections within an educational organization and the methods of management, but not its functions or type. The authors substantiate that universities in modern realities require new methodological approaches that will allow them to prepare and make informed management decisions for successful strategic development. The authors suggest their own vision of the entities' relations in the education market and resource exchange between the university and its stakeholders. The authors conclude that one of the main tasks of universities is the advanced satisfaction of all stakeholders (both external and internal).