Vol 23, No 6 (2021)

The article notes the importance of independent work of students as an obligatory element of the educational process, discusses the issues of organizing independent work of bachelors-economists when they study mathematics at the Samara State Transport University. A model of organization of independent work of students and its control in preparation for lectures, practical classes, tests and exams, in the performance of control work is given, which allows resolving the contradiction between the need for careful organization of independent work and the teacher's lack of time for its development and implementation. The research materials are applicable to the teaching of full-time students, because. The organization of the IWS of part-time and part-time forms of education differs significantly in the limited time of direct communication between the teacher and students. The SIW is the most important component of the educational process at the university, and therefore the teacher is required to competently and comprehensively organize and control it. The model of organization of independent work of a bachelor proposed in the paper does not require significant labor and time costs from the teacher, while it contributes to the formation of skills and abilities to develop the qualities of students necessary for mastering general cultural and professional competencies.

In the conditions of intensive introduction of modern technologies into the professional activity of a person, which have a direct impact on his body, a qualitative shift is taking place in the views of the Russian public, characterized by the development of the priority of the value of health. The change in public opinion about the issues of the nation's health is facilitated by federal regulatory documents containing priority goals and objectives in the development of the country's strategy in the field of the health of its citizens. According to the Federal Law «On the Fundamentals of Protecting the Health of Citizens in the Russian Federation», approved by the State Duma on November 21, 2011 No. 323-FZ and entered into force on January 1, 2022 with amendments and additions, «the state provides citizens with health protection regardless of gender, race, age, nationality, language, presence of diseases, conditions, origin, property and official status, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, membership in public associations and other circumstances» [14]. It is worth noting that the document specifies the basic principles of observance of the rights of citizens in the field of health care and the provision of state guarantees related to these rights. As you know, the vocational education system is one of the important structures where the formation of the foundations of a healthy lifestyle for future specialists takes place in order to preserve not only their psychophysical health, but also the nation as a whole. One of the important indicators that determine the personnel potential of the country is the level of readiness of the teacher to organize the health-saving activities of young people, therefore, modern vocational education strategies should be aimed at reducing the incidence rate and health protection of all subjects of the educational process.

The subject of the article is the formation of socio-ecological patterns of behavior among future technical specialists in the implementation of professional tasks of labor activity. The object of the article: environmental performance management system aimed at environmental safety, environmental protection, social and environmental responsibility. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the immanence of socio-ecological patterns of behavior of future technical specialists, their significance in the experience of formation in the educational process. Methodology of the work: search for a set of theoretical and methodological approaches, on the basis of which the principles of continuity and ways of forming behavioral patterns in the "man-nature-technology" system are determined through the prism of social, environmental and professional values in order to master socio-environmental competencies by future specialists of technical training areas. The results of the work indicate an increase in the level of development of ecological consciousness among future technical specialists of the experimental group: a conscious understanding of the importance of environmental problems, norms and rules of behavior in relation to nature conservation, responsibility for the consequences of their professional actions. The field of application of the results is practical pedagogical activity that forms socio-ecological patterns of behavior. It is advisable to introduce an environmental component into the disciplines of the curriculum in technical areas of training. An important aspect of the ecologization of disciplines is the principle of interdisciplinarity and continuity. Conclusion: The formation of socio-ecological patterns of behavior of future technical specialists contributes to the generation of educational results in the process of training highly qualified engineers.

During globalization and general universalization in society, issues of originality of certain forms and typology of heroes are raised, and not only in the theater, including puppet theater, but in all areas of culture. All this is an integral part of the process of searching for one's own national identity. The problem of traditionality is present in many segments of the culture of all peoples, including the Serbs. The issue of authenticity and tradition of the folk puppet theater "Kuku Todor" in Serbia, due to numerous reasons, is still far from being resolved. The words “tradition, traditional type, traditional hero…” are often mentioned in the context of this theater and its main character in Serbia. But what is behind this? Where did it come from among the Serbs, and why, when exactly do they return to it? What makes Kuku Todor a member of the great world brotherhood of puppet comedy heroes of folk theaters and in what ways do we find deviations from them? In this article, we partially consider the long-standing phenomenon of categorizing this performance as part of a tradition in Serbian theatrical culture, despite the lack of fixation of such a phenomenon in science. We will try to find answers to the questions before us, taking into account the historical facts related to the continuous wars in the Balkan spaces and, above all, in Serbia, which we are talking about.

The object of the article is apophatics as a phenomenon of artistic culture. The subject is the national topic in A.S. Pushkin’s works. The material for the article is the novel “Eugene Onegin”. The fifth chapter of the novel, namely Tatyana’s dream, is in the center of the hermeneutic reconstruction. Much attention is paid to the Russian folklore tradition in the novel, which is expressed both explicitly and implicitly. The research methodology is reduced to a holistic ontohermeneutical analysis aimed at highlighting the folkloric, ethnographic paradigm of this literary text, which allows addressing the issues of the creative process itself ontologically, digging into the understanding of the phenomenon of Pushkin’s “magic crystal”. Much attention is paid to the dream as a borderline state, which is equated with death. Parallels are drawn with the Russian fairy tale and folkloric account. Tatyana has semiotic thinking, and this must be taken into account by a researcher analyzing the oneiric space of "Eugene Onegin". The research results are to identify the cultural potential of the work for further study of the national topic, national existence and otherness, apophatics as a phenomenon of Russian culture associated with the phenomenon of death. The research results can also be used in teaching courses on Russian literature of the 19th century, cultural studies, philosophy.

The article considers A.I. Solzhenitsyn's understanding of culture, expressed in 1997 during the round table in the Russian Academy of Sciences, as well as his views on the causes that led to a general decline of culture in the XX century. In his opinion the reasons are utilitarianism of high culture requirements, fast growth of material well-being in the field of technological revolution, mass culture and finally secularization of culture. The author concludes that the provisions expressed by A. Solzhenitsyn on the crisis phenomena in culture remain relevant, and thus can be used in modern culturological science and culturological practice.

The creativity of N.G. Chernyshevsky in his books is presented by his multi-genre character. The article provides an overview of the main literary observations related to the manifestation of the category marked as «intimate» in the dia-ry of Chernyshevsky in 1848-1853. Analyzing the diary as a tool for recording reality and experiences on paper, the au-thors dwell in detail on the reflection in it of the features revealing the inner world of a young man who is looking for his true self. It was concluded that the awareness of young Chernyshevsky's love experiences, relationships with women determined for the rest of his life his alter ego as a man. The authors come to the conclusion that the rational-analytical method of entries in the diary of N.G. Chernyshevsky prevails even where, it would seem, he should yield to the heart, feeling, impulse. The intimate sphere in Chernyshevsky's diary is connected with logic and reason. On the last pages of the diary, Chernyshevsky writes that the descriptions of events now "will already be next to feelings, reflections, im-pressions." However, this plan was not carried out, soon the diary entries are cut off forever. The diary clearly proves that the intimacy in the ethical and aesthetic views of N.G. Chernyshevsky was a fundamental part of his worldview, confirmed by all his later life. The theory of rational egoism helped Nikolai Gavrilovich get out of the most confusing situations in his personal life. Awareness of young N.G. Chernyshevsky love experiences, relationships with women determined for the rest of his life his alter ego as a man.

Object of the article: Pushkin’s essay “I ty tut byl…” ("And You Were Here..." (1835). Subject of the article: literary reminiscences in the Pushkin essay. Purpose of the research: reconstruction of the essay’s plot design. Results: the authors argue that Pushkin’s essay "And you were here ..." has parallel allusions, on the one hand, to an episode from the “Chronicles” by Jean Froissart, and on the other hand, to the play "Wat Tyler" by Robert Southey. Field of application: literary criticism. Conclusion: Comparison of the essay “And you were here ...” with episodes from “Chronicles” by Froissart and Southey’s play “Wat Tyler” indicates that they could serve as literary sources of Pushkin’s text. Thematic parallels between “And you were here...” and some fragments of “Chronicles” and the play “Wat Tyler” help to reconstruct the plot design of Pushkin’s essay and support the idea of its semantic completeness. The author is indebted to Oleg B. Zaslavsky for stimulating discussion and helpful advice.