Vol 24, No 1 (2022)

The article is dedicated to the anniversary of Professor V.Sh. Krivonos.

The presented article describes the case study method as one of the methods for the formation of professional competencies used in the study of higher mathematics. The relevance of the proposed method is due to modern requirements for the level of training of future specialists, the need to develop their professional competencies not only in the study of special disciplines. In this regard, there is a need to organize professionally oriented training in higher mathematics at a technical university. The purpose of this study is to scientifically substantiate and describe the presented model of the process of teaching mathematics in a railway university based on a case study. The scientific novelty of the research results lies not only in the development of case-tasks for teaching mathematics at a technical university based on the idea of ​​the unity of fundamental and applied, but also in the fact that using the case-study method we determine the level of formation of professional competencies of future railway transport specialists. The application of the method under consideration is carried out on the example of the study of higher mathematics by first-year students of the specialty 23.05.05 "Systems for ensuring the movement of trains" of the Samara State University of Railways. The presented case technology methodology can be used at the university when teaching not only mathematics, but also other disciplines of the natural science cycle for future engineers.

The article reveals the relevance of the modern approach to improving the shooting preparedness of employees of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. An analysis was made of such a concept as “preparedness”, which is closely related to the term “preparation”. Preparedness is characterized as a general theoretical basis of professional activity, as well as shooting preparedness of employees of the Federal Penitentiary Service, as a necessary requirement for their professional development. The value of shooting preparedness for the performance of official duties by an employee of the Federal Penitentiary Service is determined. We also analyzed practical situations in which it is necessary to mobilize the physical and moral qualities of an employee of the penitentiary system. The important issue of conducting fire training classes, taking into account gender differences, is considered, since women have negative factors affecting shooting: background anxiety, neuropsychic vulnerability, emotionality. This topic is especially important, because every year more and more women enter the service in the penitentiary system. We also noted that shooting preparedness implies the presence of a stock of both theoretical and practical knowledge, skills, as well as experience in handling weapons and using them, if necessary, in the performance of an employee's duties. We have indicated and analyzed the guiding legal acts relating to this topic. The problems in this area that need to be solved in order to increase the fruitfulness and quality of the work of the Federal Penitentiary Service are considered. Taking into account modern approaches, proposals have been made to improve shooting readiness.

The article is devoted to the problem of interpreting the events of the Second World War in modern foreign literature (namely: the role of the USSR in the Victory over fascism is hushed up, the emphasis is placed exclusively on the genocide of Jews during the war, but not Soviet citizens in general), questions of teaching discipline to philology students. The material was mainly the novel by M. Zusak "The Book Thief", as well as the prose of P. Modiano, B. Schlink. The author comes to the conclusion that the basis of patriotic education, which is emphasized by the current state policy not only in secondary, but also in higher education, in classes on the history of foreign literature, should, firstly, be the formula: patriotism is love for one's country rather than hatred for a stranger. Secondly, it is advisable to teach foreign literature (including modern) in the context of Russian-foreign relations, as well as through the prism of a comparative analysis of the works of domestic and foreign authors, using a problematic approach, which will also contribute to critical (analytical) thinking. As for the practical application of the research results, it is advisable for language students to develop a colloquium (6 academic hours) on the topic “The theme of the Second World War in Russian and foreign prose”, involving material from both domestic and foreign prose.

The article discusses an innovative approach to the organization of self-educational activity of students based on a matrix model of cognitive activity, which allows us to consider the assimilation of educational material as a "movement" in modules. With the help of this model, it is possible to provide a mechanism for the necessary systematization of educational tasks of the subject module, to organize self-educational activities. As a result, all the presented educational material is decomposed into four activity levels, corresponding to the varying complexity of mastering educational information from the point of view of cognitive activity, which determines the choice of disciplinary modules. The principles of building modules are the same. At the beginning of each module there is a theoretical material, including definitions and basic concepts, as well as explanations for understanding the topic. Further, analyzed examples are given, using the above theoretical material. After them, tasks for independent solution are given, similar to those analyzed. With the help of the proposed teaching aids, the student can independently organize his educational activities at a convenient time for him, as well as exercise self-control and determine the level of his knowledge. The proposed technology has been tested at Samara State Transport University. The pedagogical experiment was carried out in the first and second year of full-time and part-time education in the study of mathematics.

Subject of the article: "The main nerve of the era": I.I. Garin about F.M. Dostoevsky. Object of the article: the experience of reading the monograph by I.I. Garin "The Many Faces of Dostoevsky". The goal of the project: to actualize for the scientific and educational world the versatility and multi-vision of Garin of the personality and work of Dostoevsky. Methodology of work: the phenomenon of Dostoevsky, as well as the phenomenon of Garin, are unique, inimitable and significant. This context of the study became possible with the help of cultural-philosophical and comparative-historical approaches, as well as cultural and literary methods of analysis. Results of the work: consideration of Garin's work about Dostoevsky, his ideas, thoughts, approaches and research methods as new, adequate to the content and worldview of the author of the style and genre, the peculiarities of the structure of the text (aphorism and mosaicism of fragments "charged with the power of human emotions"), unique meanings of biographical chronicles of Dostoevsky. This made it possible for Garin to fix the dominant literary and cultural-philosophical characteristics, to reveal the specifics of Dostoevsky's thinking and the ideas dominating in his work, in his own language, unlike the traditional one. Field of application of the results: dialogue, reflecting a new multi-level way of researching the writer's work, which becomes the basis for the formation of a new scientific paradigm that stimulates Garin's interest in comprehending innovative phenomena in the study of Dostoevsky's world and his personality. Conclusion: the scientific novelty of the project represents Garin's unique attempt to combine the seemingly incompatible: intellectual depth with artistry in revealing the image of the great writer. “Individually-special” style today, in the XXI century, manifests itself so multifaceted that it creates its own Garin world, which attracts scientists from different directions by revealing new facets of its own consciousness and the depth of the universal. Therefore, the study of the semantic context of Garin's work about Dostoevsky is important and significant, contributes to the enrichment of scientific and creative thought. The conclusions presented in the scientific review are reasoned and logical.

The object of the article is entelechy of culture. The subject is the entelechy of Russian artistic culture. The material for this article is represented by a new book of poetry by contemporary Russian poet A. Shatskov “Tyutchev’s Swans”. The focus of hermeneutic reconstruction is a cycle of poems from the book which presents swan symbolism in different variations. Great attention is paid to the problem of cultural entelechy which has a theoretical nature and at the same time is important for understanding the philosophical issues of creativity. The research methodology is based on the holistic ontological hermeneutic analysis aimed at highlighting the cultural potential of the given artwork, which makes it possible to approach the issues of creative process ontologically, to deepen the comprehension of the wordsmith’s views of genesis. The link between the concepts of “entelechy” and “apophaticism” is traced. Much attention is paid to the problem of cultural entelechy in the context of cultural transmission: not only the poetical prophetic gift is considered, but also the need to return to one’s roots, historiosophic perception of the past. The research results are presented through identification of the cultural potential of the book “Tyutchev’s Swans” for further study of entelechial problems in the artistic culture and national genesis. The research results can also be used in courses of modern Russian literature, culturology and philosophy.

Тhe article attempts to indicate the place and significance of A.L. Bostrom as a children's writer of the late XIXth – early XXth centuries, and for the first time outlined ways to analyze the writer's works intended for children's reading, which inscribe a significant page in the history of children's literature in the region. Here we consider the poetics of her two books, which can be described as a book for girls "Two little Worlds", where the formation of the psychology and character of a little girl takes place under the influence of a change in the socio-cultural context; and a book for boys “How Yura gets to know the life of animals”, where the main element is the popularization and practical application of scientific knowledge about nature.

In the process of studying regional literature, the need to popularize forgotten names became obvious, which includes the name of the writer A.L. Bostrom. Her work at one time met the needs for high-quality prose for children, and, most importantly, it was an example of a special, female "useful" writing for children. The manner of narration, the image of a woman as the first mentor of a small child, to some extent, should have served as a model for the behavior of enlightened parents.