Urban Сonstruction and Architecture

Markov process as a probabilistic method for evaluation of the reliability of constructions is considered. The essence of the building structure transition from one state to another, from the infl uence of external factors is disassembled. The transition matrix as an analytical model of Markov chains to evaluate the reliability of the building structure is analyzed. Transition probability as a numerical characteristic of a mathematical model of the Markov chain is considered. A mathematical model of a building structure under load is described. Formulation of the problem to determine the assessment of the reliability performance of the building structure is proposed.

The paper presents the results of a survey of existing buildings and the construction of prefabricated houses - insert to end their mutual infl uence on each other. Based on the data of the survey the technical condition of bearing and enclosing structures of the above objects has been developed computational models to assess the actual bearing capacity of soil foundations and structural elements in areas abutt ing the neighboring buildings. According to the calculation results of the event were off ered to ensure the independent operation of neighboring objects by the apparatus of the sheet pile wall CFA piles. After these measures to prevent cross-contamination of existing and under construction panel inserts homes between them, practically stopped further growth of deposits base formation and development of cracks in the panels and supporting brick walls.

The article views the problems of construction of envelope structures from no-fi ne expanded-clay concrete in a permanent form made from cement-bonded boards and due to the complexity of the technological problems associated with the processes of mixing and laying of light concrete mixture into the form that are solved by methods of mathematical modeling. The main technological challenges in the construction of structures made of no-fi ne expanded-clay concrete are considered. Specifi c volumes of aggregates and cement glue and their mass are theoretically and numerically determined. Control parameters and functions are studied to calculate the saturation depth of the aggregate grains. The links of relative depth impregnation dR / R of eff ective porosity of diff erent structures are derived. The conclusions about further implementation of the models and their research are made.

The article gives an eхample of underpinning by suppressed driving piles in the reconstructed building «Tsvetnoy mir». The main feature of the situation is continuing operation of historic building in Moscow during the reconstruction works. The main structure units for pile works are shown. The basic aspects of the technology are discussed. It is shown that in some cases there is a possibility that signifi cantly reduces the negative impact on the reinforcing design in connection with minimization of vibration eff ects on building construction. The results of seven cycles of observations have shown the total values of the foundations sett lements in the range of 0.5-2.3 mm.

Surface run-offs due to snow melting and rainfall gather dust, rubbish, oil-products and other pollutants and flow into nearest water basin that results in pollution of environment and surface water bodies. The article describes a package unit of waste water physical and chemical treatment for enterprises of railway and automobile transport. It also can be used for elevated track of railway sorting yard. The unit consists of degritter, holding tank, floater, granular and sorption filters. The unit was tested in laboratory and pilot conditions. It was put in a evaluation test with standardized test solution and real waste water.

The necessity of construction of surge tanks for diversion hydroelectric power stations with pressure derivation is substantiated in the article. These tanks as a part of water-conveyance headrace are essential to protect a long pressure tunnel from pressure boost under hydraulic shock and in consequence from additional charges for tunnel walls underpinning. It is to be noted that diversion hydroelectric power stations are often erected in mountainous area and surge tanks are situated on the turning point of water-conveyance headrace. This position allows to lower surge tank and to keep construction costs down. The examples show that it is preferable to construct surge tanks on the surface of the earth. It is to be noted that these structures constructive elements are exposed to static water pressure and water dynamic load due to water fl ow control through aggregates under power consumption changes of hydroelectric power station . At the same time in mountainous area surge tanks can also be exposed to dynamic loads because of seismic impact. The article gives the solution for determination of impulse and convective components of hydrodynamic pressure at vertical walls of metal cylinder tank in the case of horizontal seismic impact. The proposed solution clarifi es well-known calculation methods and allows to perform an accurate design calculation of potential loads and to choose necessary geometric parameters that ensure tank reliability.

This article views the strategy of reorganization of residential environment of first series of large scale industrial construction and town planning development of modern apartment buildings on the example of the city of Samara. The author considers construction organization, town planning solution, transport-pedestrian frame, landscape organization, functional zoning, architectural planning decision, environmental aspects and economic justification. In the article the complex approach to reconstruction is proposed. The main reconstruction principles are: building up, lifts, lettings of ground floors, people with limited mobility access, courtyard space reorganization, garages, schools and nursery schools construction. Now reconstruction of the first large scale building is the main aim of residential fund of the city renovation.

The relevance of modern Russian anonymous architecture is studied. The evolution of the concept «anonymous» and the variety of its connotations in different contexts are viewed. A brief overview of researches influenced on new values formation is presented. Philosophical and cultural background of inclusion of anonymous language in professional field are analyzed as well as mutual influence of artistic and architectural practices. The question of research typological boundaries is raised. The examples of anonymous language legitimation in Russian and world professional architectural practice are presented. Potential values of Russian vernacular architecture are revealed and classified for professional practice. Objects created by non-professionals demonstrate respect for the place, cultural continuity, careful attitude to things, to manual labor and love of folk material culture.

This article details the concept of development of the General Plan of the city of Kuibyshev of 1949. The necessity of quick reaction development of city master plan is highlighted. Natural potentials of territory are in the core of urban development idea as well as residential areas location in the most «advantageous» in terms of architecture and sanitary sciece. The existing city composite scheme that allowed to project on an elevated area parallel to r. Volga main road - Novo- Sadovaya street is revealed. Functional division of the city is shown. The basic principle of the residential areas solution - the creation of architectural ensembles not only outside the quarter, but also inside it maintaining the functionality of all the elements - is determined.

The paper views the concept of comfortable living environment, gives its definition in terms of architecture. World experience in designing and contruction of comfortable living environment for middle class population, the main trends of its development in different historic periods are considered. The historical process is divided into 5 distinctive periods, each of which provides a succinct analysis of design and construction practices in different aspects: functional structure, planning solution of inhabited cells, compositional and stylistic solution, technical equipment. Conclusions are made about trends space planning, design and engineering solutions elements of comfortable living environment in Russia for a rising middle class. The analysis of the generalized historical experience allows to give a prognosis for the further development of the living environment.

The article is devoted to the features of urban planning decisions in thesis projects in the context of modern urbanization and sustainable development. The issues of local and global factors interaction in the cities are viewed as the essential prerequisite for sustainable urban environment. The article gives ground of the concept of innovation in urban development, it focuses on the search for optimal solutions to reconcile urban differences and for a better way out of urban conflicts. The article pays attention to the essence of urban innovations as tools and design methods, ensuring the balance of influencing factors and offering urban planning balanced decisions. Given examples of masters theses illustrate the principles of urban planning taken in the author`s workshop.

Power electronics devices are widespread in diff erent engineering systems for housing and public utilities. But they have negative impacts on the power source. A typical example is using of the pumps, operated by variable frequency drive, in boiler stations and heating substations. The using helps both the energy savings and the electric power quality declination. If boiler station is supplied by emergency generator the electric power quality declination signifi cantly increases. Electric power quality parameters are analyzed using a simulation model, built in MATLAB/Simulink, in diff erent situations. The recommendations to ensure the specifi ed electric power quality in the electric power system are created.