Vol 7, No 1 (2017)
Articles
MARKOV CHAIN AS A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF BUILDING STRUCTURE WORKING UNDER LOAD
Abstract
Markov process as a probabilistic method for evaluation of the reliability of constructions is considered. The essence of the building structure transition from one state to another, from the infl uence of external factors is disassembled. The transition matrix as an analytical model of Markov chains to evaluate the reliability of the building structure is analyzed. Transition probability as a numerical characteristic of a mathematical model of the Markov chain is considered. A mathematical model of a building structure under load is described. Formulation of the problem to determine the assessment of the reliability performance of the building structure is proposed.
CONSTRUCTIONAL FIRE PROTECTION OF STEEL SIN BEAMS OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES
Abstract
The paper proposes an original method of determining of indicators of building fi re safety in regards to guaranteed resistance time for steel fi re-retardant SIN beams in conditions of standard fi re testing, evaluation of fi re-resistance design limits for steel fi re-retardant SIN beams during buildings design, construction and management, and cost saving during testing of steel structures for fi re-resistance. Operational benefi ts are obtained by non-destructive testing. Fire-resistance of fi re-retardant elements of SIN beam (corrugated wall, upper and lower beam fl anges) is evaluated by revealing of the most strong element of welded I beam.
EVALUATION OF INFLUENCE OF MULTISTORY BUILDING UNDER CONSTRUCTION ON EXISTING BEARING-WALL BUILDINGS
Abstract
The paper presents the results of a survey of existing buildings and the construction of prefabricated houses - insert to end their mutual infl uence on each other. Based on the data of the survey the technical condition of bearing and enclosing structures of the above objects has been developed computational models to assess the actual bearing capacity of soil foundations and structural elements in areas abutt ing the neighboring buildings. According to the calculation results of the event were off ered to ensure the independent operation of neighboring objects by the apparatus of the sheet pile wall CFA piles. After these measures to prevent cross-contamination of existing and under construction panel inserts homes between them, practically stopped further growth of deposits base formation and development of cracks in the panels and supporting brick walls.
REINFORCEMENT OF STEEL TRUSS BY WELDING
Abstract
The paper presents experimentally obtained information about the features of the steel truss, reinforced under load by increasing the cross-section of compressed rods by welding. The tests were conducted on the bench using existing tooling. Two crossbeams and two panels of 24 m span corner truss upper chord with parallel chords were exposed to reinforcement. Increase of rods in thickness was obtained by welding of amplifier rod elements. The welding operation was conducted in a manual way to control its voltage and speed. After reinforcement the structure was loaded up to strength loss. During tests truss work was carefully controlled. Truss rods, amplifier elements and corner plates stresses were registered with tensiometers. Maximov deflection indicators werw used to control reinforced rods and truss curves
MATHEMATICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL MODELING FOR SOLVING OF PROBLEMS OF THE TECHNOLOGY OF CONSTRUCTION OF ENVELOPES FROM NO-FINE EXPANDED-CLAY CONCRETE IN A PERMANENT FORM
Abstract
The article views the problems of construction of envelope structures from no-fi ne expanded-clay concrete in a permanent form made from cement-bonded boards and due to the complexity of the technological problems associated with the processes of mixing and laying of light concrete mixture into the form that are solved by methods of mathematical modeling. The main technological challenges in the construction of structures made of no-fi ne expanded-clay concrete are considered. Specifi c volumes of aggregates and cement glue and their mass are theoretically and numerically determined. Control parameters and functions are studied to calculate the saturation depth of the aggregate grains. The links of relative depth impregnation dR / R of eff ective porosity of diff erent structures are derived. The conclusions about further implementation of the models and their research are made.
COMPARISON OF OPTIONS FOR CALCULATING OF LOW PRESSURE POLYETHYLENE RECTANGULAR TANKS WITH STEEL TANKS OF IDENTICAL SIZE
Abstract
The results of the calculation of a rectangular tank from lowpressure polyethylene with steel reinforcements calculated in the software package SCAD Offi ce based on previously performed manual and test calculations are presented. The topicality of this research for the specifi c purposes of considered structures use is substantiated. To confi rm the technical advantages of the proposed structures calculations of economic benefi t when using rectangular tanks of high-density polyethylene instead of steel tanks with steel reinforcements of identical size and volume are made.
UNDERPINNING OF THE COLUMNAR BUILDING «TSVETNOY MIR» BY SUPRESSED DRIVING PILES
Abstract
The article gives an eхample of underpinning by suppressed driving piles in the reconstructed building «Tsvetnoy mir». The main feature of the situation is continuing operation of historic building in Moscow during the reconstruction works. The main structure units for pile works are shown. The basic aspects of the technology are discussed. It is shown that in some cases there is a possibility that signifi cantly reduces the negative impact on the reinforcing design in connection with minimization of vibration eff ects on building construction. The results of seven cycles of observations have shown the total values of the foundations sett lements in the range of 0.5-2.3 mm.
CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES OF GAS INFRARED HEATING ELEMENTS USE
Abstract
The article views the existing heating systems in the context of their use if it is necessary to create local zones of heating mode. The possibilities of gas infrared heating elements (GIHE) in comparison with convective heating systems are analyzed. Features of installation and restrictions on their use are described. Requirements for the thermal mode of a number of processes and productions determine the feasibility of gas infrared emitt ers use. GIHE use is more effi cient than heating systems designed to heat the entire volume of the buildings or rooms.
DESIGN OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT UNIT
Abstract
Surface run-offs due to snow melting and rainfall gather dust, rubbish, oil-products and other pollutants and flow into nearest water basin that results in pollution of environment and surface water bodies. The article describes a package unit of waste water physical and chemical treatment for enterprises of railway and automobile transport. It also can be used for elevated track of railway sorting yard. The unit consists of degritter, holding tank, floater, granular and sorption filters. The unit was tested in laboratory and pilot conditions. It was put in a evaluation test with standardized test solution and real waste water.
TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON STRUCTURE PARAMETERS AND PROPERTIES OF CEMENT SYSTEMS WITH ORGANO-MINERAL MODIFIERS
Abstract
The article views changes in strength, phase composition of new growths and diff erential porosity of ultra-high-strength cement systems with organo-mineral modifi er under three temperature modes: under normal conditions at the temperature of 20 °C, after steam treatment at 80 °C and after heat treatment at 200°C. It is shown that the heat treatment at 200 °C signifi cantly modifi es the phase composition and pore structure of cement systems and allows to increase the strength of fi ne grain concrete by 42% and bring it to 188 MPa, what makes possible to refer it to ultra-high-strength concretes, defi ned as «Reactive Powder Concrete».
DYNAMIC LOAD ON CYLINDER SURGE TANKS OF DIVERSION HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATIONS UNDER SEISMIC IMPACT
Abstract
The necessity of construction of surge tanks for diversion hydroelectric power stations with pressure derivation is substantiated in the article. These tanks as a part of water-conveyance headrace are essential to protect a long pressure tunnel from pressure boost under hydraulic shock and in consequence from additional charges for tunnel walls underpinning. It is to be noted that diversion hydroelectric power stations are often erected in mountainous area and surge tanks are situated on the turning point of water-conveyance headrace. This position allows to lower surge tank and to keep construction costs down. The examples show that it is preferable to construct surge tanks on the surface of the earth. It is to be noted that these structures constructive elements are exposed to static water pressure and water dynamic load due to water fl ow control through aggregates under power consumption changes of hydroelectric power station . At the same time in mountainous area surge tanks can also be exposed to dynamic loads because of seismic impact. The article gives the solution for determination of impulse and convective components of hydrodynamic pressure at vertical walls of metal cylinder tank in the case of horizontal seismic impact. The proposed solution clarifi es well-known calculation methods and allows to perform an accurate design calculation of potential loads and to choose necessary geometric parameters that ensure tank reliability.
VARIANTS OF INTEGRATION OF HIGHLY DEPRECIATED OBJECTS OF HISTORICAL HERITAGE INTO SECONDARY DEVELOPMENT OF THE URBAN NODE
Abstract
On the example of Samara city gradual degradation of cultural heritage associated with the loss of former functionality is viewed. The existing approach to the construction in the historical part of the city secondary development cost-eff ective objects due to replacement of perimeter buildings by island development is analyzed. For the integration of cultural heritage into the secondary development of the urban node with preserving the typological features of historically established urban planning structure the method of alternative reconstruction is proposed. It supposes the preservation of buildings authentic parts and (or) the restoration of lost elements with the possibility of using of contour of the bearing walls as urban environment elements.
STRATEGY OF REORGANIZATION OF RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENT OF FIRST SERIES OF LARGE SCALE INDUSTRIAL CONSTRUCTION
Abstract
This article views the strategy of reorganization of residential environment of first series of large scale industrial construction and town planning development of modern apartment buildings on the example of the city of Samara. The author considers construction organization, town planning solution, transport-pedestrian frame, landscape organization, functional zoning, architectural planning decision, environmental aspects and economic justification. In the article the complex approach to reconstruction is proposed. The main reconstruction principles are: building up, lifts, lettings of ground floors, people with limited mobility access, courtyard space reorganization, garages, schools and nursery schools construction. Now reconstruction of the first large scale building is the main aim of residential fund of the city renovation.
ACTORS DEFINING ROLE IN DEVELOPMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL AND HISTORICAL ENVIRONMENT IN SAMARA VOLGA REGION
Abstract
On the example of Samara Region actors are identified that influence on the priority vector and the development level of architectural and historical environment, the scope of their interests is defined. The article analyzes the interests of the authorities, the subjects of urban planning and conservation management, as well as ordinary people. The model of interaction between different actors is created, it is shown that these actors are consolidated into local communities, depending on the kind of activities. The heterogeneity of environment conceptions of local communities and of actors inside the same community is revealed. Renewal vector has the priority in the Samara Volga. The efforts correlation of different actors for the conservation and renovationl of environment is achieved by changing of value judgments of ordinary people.
EVOLUTION OF PROFESSIONAL INTEREST FOR ANONYMOUS LANGUAGE PHENOMENON
Abstract
The relevance of modern Russian anonymous architecture is studied. The evolution of the concept «anonymous» and the variety of its connotations in different contexts are viewed. A brief overview of researches influenced on new values formation is presented. Philosophical and cultural background of inclusion of anonymous language in professional field are analyzed as well as mutual influence of artistic and architectural practices. The question of research typological boundaries is raised. The examples of anonymous language legitimation in Russian and world professional architectural practice are presented. Potential values of Russian vernacular architecture are revealed and classified for professional practice. Objects created by non-professionals demonstrate respect for the place, cultural continuity, careful attitude to things, to manual labor and love of folk material culture.
ARCHITECTURE OF PUBLIC SHOPPING CENTERS IN THE HISTORICAL PART OF A CITY: KUBAN EXAMPLE
Abstract
Analysis of construction of public shopping centers in the historical part of the city is presented. The main problems of the reconstruction of historical quarter architectural appearance are outlined. The historical quarters of Krasnodar are viewed. Special att ention is paid to restoration and adaptation of monuments for modern functions on the example of Kuban historical sett lements. The att ention is focused on the architectural plastic, shape and space of buildings and structures designed for specifi c purposes. The problem of modern functional and spatial development of the historic environment, taking into account space reorganization is revealed. The practical signifi - cance of this work can serve as a basis for effi cient architectural and planning organization of public shopping centers in the historical part of the city as at project level and in implementation of urban development programs.
ARCHITECTURE AND COMPOSITION PRINCIPLES OF KUIBYSHEV DEVELOPMENT ACCORDING TO GENERAL PLAN OF 1949
Abstract
This article details the concept of development of the General Plan of the city of Kuibyshev of 1949. The necessity of quick reaction development of city master plan is highlighted. Natural potentials of territory are in the core of urban development idea as well as residential areas location in the most «advantageous» in terms of architecture and sanitary sciece. The existing city composite scheme that allowed to project on an elevated area parallel to r. Volga main road - Novo- Sadovaya street is revealed. Functional division of the city is shown. The basic principle of the residential areas solution - the creation of architectural ensembles not only outside the quarter, but also inside it maintaining the functionality of all the elements - is determined.
DEVELOPMENT HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE OF YACHT-CLUBS
Abstract
In this article relevance of design and the background of yacht-clubs emergence and development are viewed. The historical description of the fi rst world and russian yacht-clubs in Moscow and St. Petersburg is provided. Planning features, yacht-clubs functional structures and their development are revealed. Also the history of the Samara yacht-club of XX of century and history of the Tolyatt i yacht-club - an ultramodern sport complex - is studied.
WORLD EXPERIENCE IN DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF COMFORTABLE LIVING ENVIRONMENT FOR MIDDLE CLASS
Abstract
The paper views the concept of comfortable living environment, gives its definition in terms of architecture. World experience in designing and contruction of comfortable living environment for middle class population, the main trends of its development in different historic periods are considered. The historical process is divided into 5 distinctive periods, each of which provides a succinct analysis of design and construction practices in different aspects: functional structure, planning solution of inhabited cells, compositional and stylistic solution, technical equipment. Conclusions are made about trends space planning, design and engineering solutions elements of comfortable living environment in Russia for a rising middle class. The analysis of the generalized historical experience allows to give a prognosis for the further development of the living environment.
THE FUTURE OF PUBLIC SPACES OF MONO-INDUSTRY TOWN ON THE EXAMPLE OF TOGLIATTI ITALIAN PARK PROJECT
Abstract
The article views an especial case of forming of public spaces of mono-industry town Togliatt i in the historical context of late Soviet modernism architecture and modern problems of renovation of public spaces in mono-industry towns. The theoretical works of Soviet researchers and modern works in the area of city public spaces are studied. The data of sociological polls are cited and the prerequisites for fi nding new approaches to fi ll the empty spaces with a new function are defi ned. On the example of Togliatt i Italian Park the experience of revitalizing empty public spaces with diff erent methods - promotional events, public Italian lessons, mobile cinemas in open air - is described. The revealed methodology could be applied to many Russian mono-industry towns.
INNOVATIVE URBAN DESIGN METHODOLOGY IN THESIS PROJECTS OF ARCHITECTURAL FACULTY
Abstract
The article is devoted to the features of urban planning decisions in thesis projects in the context of modern urbanization and sustainable development. The issues of local and global factors interaction in the cities are viewed as the essential prerequisite for sustainable urban environment. The article gives ground of the concept of innovation in urban development, it focuses on the search for optimal solutions to reconcile urban differences and for a better way out of urban conflicts. The article pays attention to the essence of urban innovations as tools and design methods, ensuring the balance of influencing factors and offering urban planning balanced decisions. Given examples of masters theses illustrate the principles of urban planning taken in the author`s workshop.
GERMAN AERIAL PHOTOTOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY OF KUIBYSHEV (SAMARA) AS A SOURCE OF IMAGERY OF MILITARY CITY DEVELOPMENT PERIOD
Abstract
The article analyses recently appeared in the Net aerial phototopographic survey of Kuibyshev (Samara) made by the German Luftwaff e in 1942 -1944 years. This survey is of interest to study Kuibyshev history and urban development in military period. The author gives information about the organization of German aerial surveillance and about fl ying squadrons that took aerial photos of the city. Aerial surveillance special att ention was paid to defense aircraft enterprises. Aerial survey and city maps made on its basis give us knowledge about urban development of a new industrial part of the city - Besymyanka. The photos permit to determine the boundaries and the plan of military Kuibyshev, location of industry zones and workers sett lements, particularly urban development type. Photos annotations indicate dates, altitude and time of day. On the base of aerial phototopographic survey maps and miniatures were made. The author conclusion confi rms the high reliability of the maps based on aerial photography as sources of city development studies.
ELECTRIC POWER QUALITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS OF BOILER STATIONS AND HEATING SUBSTATIONS USING PUMPS OPERATED BY VARIABLE-FREQUENCY DRIVE
Abstract
Power electronics devices are widespread in diff erent engineering systems for housing and public utilities. But they have negative impacts on the power source. A typical example is using of the pumps, operated by variable frequency drive, in boiler stations and heating substations. The using helps both the energy savings and the electric power quality declination. If boiler station is supplied by emergency generator the electric power quality declination signifi cantly increases. Electric power quality parameters are analyzed using a simulation model, built in MATLAB/Simulink, in diff erent situations. The recommendations to ensure the specifi ed electric power quality in the electric power system are created.