Vol 4, No 4 (2004)

The main goal of the present study was to evaluate the genetic impact of some genes operating in coag­ulation system in the development of the inherited predisposition to ischemic stroke (IS) in men and women before 45 year old. For this purpose we investigated the allele distribution of the 7 following genes - F V Leiden, F2 G20210A, G/A-455 FGB, GP Illa PIA1/A2, A1/A2 5’F7, 4G/5G PAI-1, C677T MTHFR. The plasma level of total homocysteine was analyzed too. The significant prevalence of T 677 MTHFR frequency in the patients with IS compared with controls was found (33% and 27%, respectively, p=0.03). The T 677 allele was associated with high plasma level of total homocysteine. The significant decrease of protective A2 5’F7 allele frequency in IS patients compared with controls was found also (9% and 13%, respectively, p=0.04). The gene-gene interaction between CT or TT genotypes of MTHFR gene and A1A1 genotype of F7 in IS group was showed (OR=1.9 Cl 95% 1.4-2.6). The allele frequencies of other investigated genes were not dif­ferent in patients and control group. These results allowed us to make a conclusion that the inherited predis­position to IS depends on mutations in MTHFR and factor VII genes.

The paper presents data on the effects of hypoxia on the development of brain and revealing of consequences of this effect during postnatal ontogenesis. Experiments with hypoxic stress revealed clearly the critical period of development of brain cortex, which has a special sensitivity to damage. The first response consists in lesioning of developing brain (apoptosis, necrosis, changes in membrane properties), while modification of histogenetic processes, alteration in NO-system, gliosis can be considered as adaptive response. Protective antihypoxic responses of the brain related to development of blood circulation, initiation of anti-apoptotic processes, elevation of NO synthase activity in brain vessels and it’s decrease in neurons are formed to the end of embryonic period.

The immunocytochemical study of the localization of hormones in thymic cells has been performed to clarify possible correlations of their expression with proliferative activity of thymocytes. We used commercial antibodies to serotonin, melatonin, somatostatin, glucagon, gastrin, beta-endorphin and histamine, and ABP or BSP kits for visualization of reaction. Computer image analysis was used to find correlations between hormone production and proliferative activity of thymocytes. Different subpopulations of thymocytes are able to produce hormones: precursors of T-lymphocytes (CD4_¯CD8_¯) contain serotonin and melatonin, immature cortical cells (CD4⁺CD8⁺) produce only serotonin, mature medullar cells (CD4⁺CD8_¯) show immunoreactivity to serotonin, melatonin, beta-endorphin and histamine. The expression of serotonin, somatostatin and gastrin is localized in thymic epithelial cells, formating Gassal’s bodies. Proliferative activity of thymocytes depends from the expression of serotonin and somatostatin in thymic cells. The data received testify the expression of different hormones in human thymic cells and showing by this fact high endocrine activity of thymus. The presence of correlations between hormonal expression and cell proliferative activity could be considered as the bright illustration of important role of neuroimmunoendocrine mechanisms in the paracrine regulation of thymic functions.

Eighty four patients with an arterial hypertension (AH) of 1-2 degrees and 50 healthy persons were examined. At all surveyed were defined Chlamydia pneumoniae, Chlamydia psitaci, Chlamydia trachomatis, Toxoplasma gondii, Virus herpes 1, 2, Epstein-Barr virus, Cytomegalovirus and as antibodies to them. With the purpose of definition of possible pathogenetic mechanisms of influence of infections on development AH had been analysed correlation communications with well-known risk factors, parameters of the metabolic status, factors of an inflammation and endothelial functions. At patients with AH the authentic increase in frequency of revealing Chlamydia pneumoniae, Toxoplasma gondii and antibodies to them and as antibodies to Virus herpes 1, 2 was observed, Epstein-Barr virus. The association of an intracellular infection with various parameters of the metabolic status, endothelial function, factors of an inflammation and well-known risk factors AH (age, BMI) it has been revealed.

Early post-operation intra-abdominal complications represent one of the most burning problems in surgery. Laparoscopy is a promising method of diagnostics and treatment of early post-operation pathology. We have analyzed the results of 277 laparoscopy procedures performed in the early post-operation period in 199 patients with the purpose of diagnostics and treatment. They were carried out after operations on the abdominal and retroperitoneal organs. The objective of the study was to define the peculiarities of laparoscopy in the early post-operation period and to work out the ways to perform it.

Considering the results of laparoscopy performed in the early post-operation period, we suggest an algorithm of early post-operation intra-abdominal complications diagnostics, which allows the efficient use of additional diagnostic methods. The main principle of the algorithm is the choice of the method most informative for the respective intra-abdominal complication. The use of laparoscopy enabled us to minimize the number of complications (0.36%).

The reason of our study was to estimate the efficacy of sodium-calcium-chloride mineral water intake in complex therapy of the patients with functional dyspepsia. Object of research: the patients with dyskinetic and ulcer-like variants of functional dyspepsia (179). In the study the clinical, psychological, functional, laboratory, instrumental, morphological methods and also assessment of life quality were used. For the first time is proved, that the drinking treatment of sodium-calcium-chloride mineral water intake essentially contributes to the medical effect of complex therapy in the patients with dyskinetic and ulcer-like variants of functional dyspepsia, which showed by decreasing of the dyspeptic complaints, normalization of the nonspecific resistance parameters and motility function of the stomach, reducing of local inflammation in stomach mucosa, by enriching of patients life quality and is kept during one year after a course of treatment. The circuits of drinking treatment in complex therapy of the patients with functional dyspepsia are scientifically proved, and the new system of drinking treatment, which not dependent on a diet regimen, is developed and clinically tested. The efficacy of new system of drinking treatment is shown from the positions of evidence - based physiotherapy.

The executed research includes the analysis of the social - demographic and psychological characteristics of 249 injection drug addicts of the Moscow Oblast and comparison of these characteristics with control group of 200 men who haven’t previously had any experience in using narcotic substances. The research provides a statistical social - psychological portrait of an injection drug addict, the distinctions of the analyzed characteristics among the men and women, the features of character of different age groups. The questions of applicability and interpretation of the psychological tests are considered. The revealed social - psychological features of the injection drug addicts are supposed to be used in the analysis of psychotherapeutic activity of the psychiatrist - narcologist.