Vol 339, No 1 (2018)

The results of the medical service of the Armed Forces in 2017 are analyzed in the following areas: improving the readiness of the military command and military medical organizations to perform tasks for their intended use; prevention of urgent illnesses for the troops, preservation and strengthening of the health of servicemen; ensuring access to high-tech medical care; provision of medical personnel in need of medical and medical-psychological rehabilitation; improving the quality of drug assistance to the contingents; informational support of the management bodies of the medical service and military medical organizations, optimization of their organizational structure and others. The priority tasks of military medicine for 2018 include the preparation for medical support of the army international games and the international contest «Military Medical Relay», the holding of events in the troops on the prevention of actual diseases with an emphasis on joint work with the commanders to create favorable conditions for the life of servicemen, the introduction of high-tech logical methods of rendering medical assistance to the activities of military and medical organizations of central and regional subordination, the creation of a departmental system for coordination of organ and tissue donation, improving the accessibility and quality of medical and medical-psychological rehabilitation, developing telemedicine, increasing the effectiveness of medical supplies, organizations in accordance with the scope and nature of the tasks performed, the development of the scientific potential of the service, improved normative legal regulation in the sphere of military health.

The data on the current conditions and peculiarities of the use of pathogenic biological agents for terrorist purposes are summarized in the scientific literature. The main problems and challenges in the implementation of the provisions of the Convention «Оn the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction» were discussed. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of microorganisms that pose the greatest danger to public health in the event of a possible act of bioterrorism. It is shown that the rapid development of the biological sciences and the rapid growth of their modern industries, as well as the progress achieved in the field of molecular biology and biotechnology, can promote the use of scientific achievements for military purposes. Of particular concern is the potential threat of the transfer by individual countries of biological agents, as well as equipment for their production and technology to terrorists.

На основе анализа данных ежегодных отчетов главного невролога Воздушно-десантных войск и невролога терапевтического отделения медицинского отряда одного из соединений Воздушно-десантных войск (ведущего невролога соединения) определены роль и место мануальной терапии на этапе оказания квалифицированной медицинской помощи в Воздушно-десантных войсках. Мануальная терапия - это высокоэффективный немедикаментозный метод лечения боли при вертеброгенной патологии, заболеваниях суставов, внутренних органов и нервной системы. Наибольшая терапевтическая эффективность отмечается при сочетании мануальной терапии и других методов консервативного лечения. Применение мануальной терапии с этапа оказания квалифицированной медицинской помощи в Воздушно-десантных войсках может значительно улучшить прогноз лечения болевых синдромов при вертеброгенной патологии и заболеваниях опорно-двигательного аппарата.

The concept of complex restorative treatment of patients with infantile cerebral palsy is described in the conditions of a specialized clinical sanatorium. On the basis of many years of experience, new approaches have been proposed to diagnose and determine indications for neuro-orthopedic and orthopedic and surgical treatment of children with spastic forms of cerebral palsy. The developed concept allows us to clarify the diagnosis, apply an individual set of therapeutic measures (conservative and surgical) aimed at improving the anatomical and functional state of patients, more effectively realize opportunities in expanding their motor activity, self-service and social adaptation.

Five hundred nineteen samples of blood serum of military personnel undergoing military service on call and under contract for the presence of antibodies to measles, rubella and mumps virus were studied using the method of enzyme immunoassay. It was found that 34.7% (seronegative) of measles virus and 29.7% of military personnel are susceptible (seronegative) to measles virus, which does not correspond to the criterion of epidemic well being for these infections (7 and 15%, respectively). A similar indicator for rubella infection was 4.6% with a criterion of epidemic well being of 7%. It is shown that the share of military personnel susceptible to measles virus is higher than that of contract military personnel - 41.1% and 26%, respectively. This is due to the age characteristics of those surveyed (the average age of conscripts was 20.9±2.5 years, contract servicemen 32.3±7.3 years).

The use of thermo-mannequins makes it possible to exclude the involvement of volunteer testers for the physiological and hygienic evaluation of the military equipment sets that are being created, and thereby significantly reduce financial costs. The time necessary for preparing for the experiment is minimized: the stage of carrying out a medical and biological ethical examination is disappearing, as well as the stage related to the regulatory and legal aspects of the search for and selection of volunteer testers. The progress of the study does not depend on the «human factor» and the continuity of such a study can be guaranteed. The basic medical and technical requirements for the creation and application of promising thermal manikins have been developed.

As part of the annual medical examination of pupils of the Boarding School of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, iron deficiency anemia among pupils was screened and corrected using an innovative approach to diagnosing and monitoring the effectiveness of therapy. A new laboratory method for controlling the effectiveness of treatment of iron deficiency anemia using not only traditional indicators but also new reticulocyte indices was tested. The result of the program to correct and prevent iron deficiency among students was a reduction in the incidence of iron deficiency anemia in pupils from 4.7% in 1914 to 1.1% in 2015.

The article summarizes the experience of treatment and rehabilitation of English pilots who received burns during the Second World War. Their early return to service was one of the important factors in maintaining the military power of the Royal Air Force of Great Britain. The data on the losses of the flight crew of British aviation from burns during the Second World War are given. The key moments of organization of work of the specialized medical department based on a multi-profile hospital are outlined. Attention is drawn to the features of burn injury, its effect on the physical and psychoemotional state of the victim. A small number of specialists, an insufficiently high level of research on the theory and practice of treating burns in the late 1930s and early 1940s were negative factors in daily clinical work. However, the constant creative search for non-standard solutions to the problems that arose in everyday clinical practice allowed medical personnel to effectively cope with the tasks assigned to the department. The importance of the human factor in achieving a positive result of treatment is underlined. The significance of the accumulated experience for the subsequent development of military medicine in the postwar period and its relevance for the specialists of the XXI century are determined.