Vol XXX, No 1-2 (1998)

In January 1893, the medical community in Russia received a new medical journal. It was “Neurological Bulletin”, published in Kazan under the editorship of V.M. Bekhterev (head of the Department of Psychiatry at Kazan University) as the organ of the Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists.

The author investigated 40 patients with initial manifestation of insufficient cerebral circulation and 46 patients with discirculatory encephalopathy. The author showed, that progressing and clinical manifestations of initial stages of cerebrovascular diseases are connected with imperfection of cerebral circulation regulation with phenomena of its depression. In stage of initial manifestation of insufficient cerebral circulation dimyelitic defect prevails in proximal departments of cerebral arteries, and in stage of discirculatory encephalopathy is spreading on parenchymatous vessels.

Arterial hypertension (AH) incidence has been analyzed in 61 patients with aneurysms of cerebral vessels and its enfluence on its natural course. In most patients (57 people) aneurysms were accompanied by intracranial hemorrhage; 4 patients did not show ruptures of aneurysms. Arterial hypertension incidence in patients with aneurysms made up 62,3 %, in control group - 50%. In conditions of AH presence threefold increase of incidence of recurrent early hemorrhage was shown, as well as rupture of aneurysms in early age and aggravating of neurologic symptomatology. In 4 patients rupture of small aneurysmatic diverticula took place. In family history of patients with aneurysms relatively high incidence of AH was marked, as compared with the control group. Questions of AH genetic origin in aneurysmous patients were discussed, and its role in natural course of aneurysms.

Personal characteristics in combination of vegetative homeostasis were studied, and also type of morphoconstitution in association with one of genetic marker - velocity of Na+/ Li+ countertransport in erythrocyte membranes of 192 healthy people, aged from 17 to 42 y.o. Trends to increase the anxiety level in patients of both sex in all age groupes were determined at the velocity range of Na + /Li+ countertransport in erythrocytes: from 162 to 278 mс Mol Li/1 c h, which were most expressed in asthenic morphoconstitution people with sympathicotonic type of vegetative effects, this being combined with disadaptive forms of vegetative reactions.

Examination and treatment results are given, concerting 205 patients with vibration disease, in the clinical picture of which the most early and most expressed are neurovascular disorders in the system of regional circulation and vegetativesensoric polyneuropathies. It was shown, that in patients with vibration disease lowering of pulse blood supply in distal parts of upper extremities is being observed, as well aS dystonic condition of arterial bed vessels, whose expression level is correlated with the disease stage. Suggested physiotherapeutic complexes (magnetic therapy, magnetic and laser therapy, aspirin-electrophoresis on the cervical department of vertebral column and hand) favourably enfluence peripheric hemodynamics, thus contributing to regress of basic clinical manifestations of vibration disease.

Multiple sclerosis is a disease of unknown etiology characterized by inflammory demyelination of the brain and spinal cord. Epidemiological investigations play important role in study of multiple sclerosis. Geographical distribution of the disease has been described in terms of prevalence and incidence. The possible role of environmental factors as a cause of multiple sclerosis had been hypothesized with observation of unequal geographic distribution of the disease. More interesting, in terms of their biological significance, are attempts to identify associations between multiple sclerosis and situations or events wich could cause blood-brain barrier damages, such as trauma or toxic exposures.

Peculiarities of infringement of the vegetative status in children, having had concussion of a head brain are revealed. Infringements of vegetative systems’ activity was displayed by an oppression of eigotrop’s link, causing unsufficient vegetative reaction and inadequate

The results of autoantibodies determination to glycolipid antigens of brain cells - galactocerebrosides in blood serum of healthy neonates and their mothers, healthy children up to three y.o. and healthy women are presented. The results were obtained with the help of micromodification of complement fixation reaction. It was determind that in healthy women at intergeneric period these antibodies are absent or are present in vestige quantities. For the first time presence of counter - galactocerebroside antibodies was determined in neonates and their mothers in high titers up to 1:512. It was also established, that counter - galactocerebroside antibodies circulate in healthy neonates’ blood for not less than 3 months, then their level begins to descrease, and in 5-12 months it approximates to the adults’ norm border’.

Therapelutic results are given of aplegin (carnitine-chloride) treatment of 82 patients with critical ischemic insult and of 7 patients with prolonged coma of hypoxic, toxic and traumatic genesis. Significant acceleration and more complete restoration of neurologic functions were observed in comparison with the control group when aplegin was administered; the latter much depended on the time of beginning of treatment and was as more complete, as more quick was aplegin injection, beginning from the disease onset. Aplegin action mechanism is explained by the carnitine property to activate fat acids metabolism, to restore energy deficit in hypoxia, to increase reparative processes in nervous tissue and prevent brain from toxic enfluence of decay products and neurotoxins.

An autonomous electrostimulator of the gastrointestinal tract and mucous membranes (AES of the gastrointestinal tract and CO) is a microprocessor placed in a sealed capsule, easy to swallow. Upon contact with the mucous membrane, the electrostimulator turns on and begins to produce electrical impulses that cause a response from the stimulated organ.

Convulsive syndrome of newborns is one of the urgent problems of pediatric neurology. Many researchers in the etiology of newborns attach great importance to intrauterine hypoxia and asphyxia during childbirth. In newborns with this pathology, there is a violation of cerebral hemodynamics and cerebrospinal fluid circulation, which causes an increase in intracranial pressure and gross organic changes.

In the study of cerebral hemodynamics in children, methods that allow multiple non-invasive vascular examination are of great importance. The experience of using one of these methods - transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) - in adult patients has shown its high efficiency in determining hemodynamically significant organic vascular pathology (occlusions, stenoses, vasospasm, aneurysms, and arteriovenous malformations).

In 1995, as part of a prospective study of patients with ischemic stroke, an original computerized database was developed, including information on etiological factors, risk factors for the disease, the results of clinical neurological and laboratory examinations, and the nature of the therapy.

80 years old prof. Ya.Yu. Popelyansky, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Honored Scientist of Russia, participant of the Great Patriotic War, head of the departments of neurology at Novokuznetsk State Pedagogical University and Kazan State Medical University, creator of vertebral neurology as a scientific and practical discipline, head of the All-Russian center of vertebral neurology.

The following issues were discussed in the speech: On the consolidation of the legal status, the adoption of a new charter of the All-Russian Society of Neuropathologists and its registration with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation.

Carrying out scientific, educational, educational work in regional offices. By the end of 1996