No 1 (2013)

Prevention and treatment of food allergy are especially important due to the rapid dissemination of this condition in last decades in developed countries. Today, due to scientific progress and achievements of the baby food industry, series of various kinds of specialized products for the treatment and prevention of food allergy are created and implemented in a broad pediatric practice. The article discusses the current state of issue of the composition of produced specialized hypoallergenic products and their applications for the prevention and treatment of allergies in infants.

The article considers main ingestant allergens, as well as features of treatment in food allergy, anaphylaxis, allergy to different food types, in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Recommendations on feeding of children with food allergy are presented.

An effective prevention of diaper dermatitis (DD) includes a rational skin care (use of throwaway diapers, their regular change, timely intimate washing and bathing the baby, air baths, the use of protective and reparative dermatological agents, for example dexpanthenol), and the timely formation of hygiene in children. Treatment of DD should be comprehensive and include the rational care of the child, the elimination of etiological and precipitating factors, as well as topical therapy, which depends on the severity of dermatitis and the individual characteristics of the child in each case.

The article presents information on the prevalence and etiology of common infectious diseases of the respiratory tract in children. The principles of rational choice of antibacterial drugs for the treatment of otitis, sinusitis, tonsillopharyngitis, and bronchitis with account of sensitivity of the main causative agents are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the potentials for the use of cephalosporins in these diseases, especially cefixime - oral III generation cephalosporin, combining a wide range of antimicrobial activity, good pharmacokinetic properties, favorable tolerability profile, and usability (once a day).

Developmental dysphasia (alalia) is one of severe disorders of speech formation in children. During follow-up in 50 children 3-5 years old with developmental dysphasia, therapeutic effect of nootropic drug Pantogam (homopanthothenic acid) was analyzed. Within 2 months, 30 patients in Group 1 have received Pantogam (syrup, daily dose - 500-600 mg), 20 patients in Group 2 (control group) were evaluated. Significant improvement in the expressive and impressive speech, and speech attention were achieved against the background of treatment. The amount of active language and the number of phrases in the conversational speech was increased more than 3 times, while in the control group - by 1,5 times. Questioning the parents has demonstrated a decrease of cerebrastenic, psychosomatic disorders, motor clumsiness, hyperactivity, and improvement of attention, emotional and behavioral control in children. Assessment of performance of tasks for the motor development has shown a positive effect of Pantogam on the formation of motor skills.

The use of different physical methods in the treatment and rehabilitation of children with chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) along with baseline drug therapy improves the quality of life of the patients, has a positive effect on the individual clinical symptoms, and increases the adaptive reserves. The development of modern technology allows to expand potentialities of physical therapy with the use of new factors and optimization of previously used factors. Therefore, development of optimal criteria for evaluating their therapeutic effectiveness in pediatric patients is actual. Dynamics of indicators of oxygen-transport function of blood can be considered as one of the such criteria for children with CRD, often accompanied by different degree of oxygen deficiency. The article presents the results of research on the effectiveness of inclusion of course of enteral oxygen therapy (EOT) in the complex rehabilitation of 66 children with CRD. These data show a marked beneficial effect of single dose of oxygen cocktail and course of EOT on oxygen-transport function of blood and blood oxygen saturation.

This article describes the ways for improving the nursing staff in Scientific Center of Children’s Health RAMS, because professional development of nurses is impossible without a systematic and regular replenishment of the existing knowledge with new information. The description of the project for the development of nursing care, which started in 2011 at the Scientific Center of Children’s Health RAMS, is presented. The project aims at the personal and professional development and postgraduate education of nurses, and their training for the leadership role in the activities for development of nursing staff in medical institutions in Russia.

The problem of medical tactics in the treatment of acute respiratory diseases (ARD) and its complications in children is discussed. The article provides information on the etiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of acute respiratory diseases, complicated acute respiratory viral diseases and bacteria-associated diseases of the upper respiratory tract which emerge against this background. The need for a balanced approach to the choice of treatment strategy for acute respiratory diseases is emphasized, especially in relation to the antibiotic therapy of bacterial respiratory infection. In addition to the complex of causal treatment, the therapeutic measures aimed to key components of the pathogenesis of infection are presented. In particular, it is referred to a so-called. vaccine-like medicines containing lysates of the most common pathogens of respiratory infections, - immunomodulators of microbial origin.

The article presents a definition of "atopic dermatitis". Its relevance in dermatological practice is characterized. Modern aspects of the pathogenesis of the disease are discussed. The role of violations of the epidermal barrier in the development of atopic dermatitis is emphasized. Modern general and external therapy of the disease is recommended. Approaches to the prevention of exacerbations of atopic dermatitis, and care for dry and prone to atopy skin are presented.

The article considers questions of classification, pathogenesis and treatment of acute catarrhal otitis media in children. Despite the abundance of various drugs for treating a disease, there are three main groups of drugs that contribute to the rapid relief of inflammation and help to avoid the appointment of antibiotic therapy.