Volume 16, Nº 5 (2020)

Purpose of research. This article is devoted to substantiating the principles of a cost-based approach to assessing investment attractiveness. To achieve this goal, the concept of investment attractiveness is defined in the context of the economic interests of modern investors. The article reveals the essence of a comprehensive approach to assessing the investment attractiveness of a company based on determining the value of business, intangible assets and intellectual property. Conclusions. As a result of the research, the following principles of an integrated approach to assessing investment attractiveness were substantiated: the principle of versatility and dynamism of investment attractiveness; the principle of interconnectedness of investment attractiveness with the investment goals of investment entities and cost-oriented indicators; the principle of increasing the importance of IA, OIS for the development of modern companies and increasing their investment attractiveness, especially in high-tech sectors of the economy the principle of taking into account socio-economic parameters and risks caused by the dependence of the competitiveness of a modern company on the implementation of the concept of socially responsible business.

The purpose of the research. The relevance of the article is due to the decline in the consumption of petroleum products in the world and in Russia in particular, as well as changes in the structure of demand for petroleum products. The crisis related to the COVID-19 factor had a significant impact on the oil and petroleum products market. Consequently, this article is aimed at identifying the prospects for the development of the oil product market. Results. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the analysis of current indicators of the oil product market, which allows a comprehensive review of current market trends and prospects for its development. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that in 2020, the volume of primary processing is expected to decrease, which will not suffer as much as the production of crude oil. However, all markets are expected to recover in 2021. It should be noted that the production of products aimed at the domestic market (automobile gasoline and diesel fuel) has increased in recent years. Fuel oil and gas oil production, which is export-oriented, decreased compared to 2014. Exports of petroleum products such as motor gasoline, diesel fuel, bitumen, and vacuum gas oil have not changed significantly over the past few years, while exports of fuel oil have declined significantly. The reduction in production and export of fuel oil is associated with a drop in the attractiveness of fuel oil exports as a result of an increase in export duties. In the future, diesel fuel production and exports are projected to increase, while fuel oil production and exports will continue to decline. The article has a practical value for companies working in the oil refining industry, public and private investors.

Purpose of research. The article deals with the problems of forming a business environment in foreign trade, taking into account the construction of a risk-based compliance management model by controlling state bodies. The purpose of the study is to establish and identify the features of identifying risks of participants in foreign economic activity and the state in the calculation and administration of customs payments, respectively. This is necessary not only for the administration of customs duties and taxes, but also for determining the main directions for the development of foreign trade activities of the Russian Federation. Conclusions. As a result of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that risk management occupies a special place in the system of managing the compliance of foreign trade activities with the criteria established by state regulatory (customs, tax) authorities. However, in addition to managing tax and customs risks, which according to current legislation are recognized as violations of the rules established by law, it is necessary to change the system for evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of the Supervisory authorities themselves. Currently, the relationship between the risk management system and the violations of customs and other legislation themselves is mostly reduced to the implementation of the customs authorities ' fiscal task. According to the majority of importers, the application of the risk management system has a single goal - to increase the costs of participants in foreign economic activity associated with cross-border movement of goods. On the part of participants in foreign economic activity, it is necessary to restructure the strategy of interaction with regulatory authorities. In these circumstances, the key areas of such interaction are the development of the Institute of authorized economic operators, its sub-Institute of authorized exporters, as well as the creation of a self-regulating organization in the field of foreign trade that represents the interests of not only Russian exporters, but also importers.

The article proposes the organizational - economic mechanism to improve the quality of housing and communal services, based on the detection of imbalances between consumer expectations and the quality of services provided at various points in the service structure and comprising: a model of integration processes of the quality management strategic management of the organization; a set of rules of housing and communal services and occupational standards for personnel management organizations; system of attracting staff to the enterprises of housing and communal services and labor remuneration model management companies; information support system, monitoring and evaluation of quality of services for housing and communal services.

Risks in terms of delivery of electronic components are an unavoidable reality and an immanent feature of economic activity, but there is still no clear understanding of the economic essence of this category. The reason for this is the complex nature of risk, as a result of which there are different definitions of the concept under study. In many cases, the nature of the risk is not directly determined, but indirectly, for example, through its consequences (loss, threat, damage, etc. e.) or probability, which is the degree to which a particular event is likely to occur under specific conditions, rather than the actual risk. Based on review of the content and forms of expression of this concept we have chosen a point of view that from a scientific perspective, the risk is possible or a forced decision (action or inaction) taken by the subject in conditions of uncertainty of consequences. Risk is always subjective, only the subject is at risk, being faced with the need to choose whether to take risks or not. Economic risk as a decision made under conditions of uncertain consequences has a positive or negative outcome that affects the results of production activities and supply processes. To evaluate these results, we set a goal: to develop our own approach, which consists, on the one hand, in considering the actual risk and its consequences as a whole, and on the other - in clearly separating them. This approach should reflect the concept of the total cost of economic risk in the process of delivery of the electronic component base, which is the total cost of the entity directly or indirectly related to economic risk and its consequences and includes components. This article is the first to develop a methodological approach for determining the total cost of economic risk in the process of ECB delivery. An approach to segmentation of ECB supply processes to risk-free and risk-free conditions is proposed. A classification of the total cost of the ECB delivery process has been developed (Sproc.ECB) for risk-free and risk-free conditions of the state budget.

Economic security is a condition for a balanced and stable State. The transformation of the social, political and economic state of Russia, together with changes in market conditions on a global scale, indicate the need to consider theoretical approaches to determining economic security as one of the relevant issues that form the basis for the protection and preservation of national interests. The proliferation of new technologies, including those related to the digitalization of society, makes it necessary not only to follow modern trends, but also, based on studies of past years, to develop the ability of the state to respond in a timely and adequate manner to the destabilizing effect of various facts. The article presents the genesis of targeted guidelines for economic security and the evolution of approaches to the definition of the term «economic security» in Russia, which made it possible to identify the first preventive attempts to reduce the likelihood of negative consequences and localization of threats to national security, both in Russia and abroad. The author analyzed modern domestic trends and scientific views in foreign countries on economic security issues, as well as a brief comparative description of approaches to determining national security in the Russian Federation and the United States of America. The article contains a wide range of approaches to the definition of the term «security», as well as a retrospective of the scientific worldview and reflection on the essence of security as an economic category. Imperfections were identified in the «traditional» approaches, as well as in the modern European and American paradigms of economic security. The author's definition is proposed in the conclusion of the article.

Economic security is currently focused not only on the interests and needs of the Russian society and the state, but also acts as an essential element of the national security system as a whole. Despite the readiness of the Russian system of economic security for the dynamic processes of modern development of the world community, in the conditions of the ongoing globalization processes, new challenges and threats to the economic stability of the state arise. Among these, it is necessary to single out the growth of economic crimes in general and the spread of individual illegal acts causing significant economic damage, in particular - the legalization of illegally obtained income. The above mentioned crime is currently characterized by a cross-border nature of the commission, which significantly complicates the process of combating this illegal behavior. It is a mistake to believe that the counteraction to legalization of criminal profits is carried out only within the framework of law enforcement. Currently, the activities of individual financial institutions, which have broad powers in the field of control and supervision of the movement of funds both within the territory of the Russian Federation and abroad, are of particular importance for the effective fight against this criminal phenomenon. The purpose of writing a research paper is to analyze the activities of institutions of counteraction to legalization of criminal profits in the system of economic security, identify existing problems and determine ways to solve them. The author comes to the conclusion that counteraction to legalization of criminal profits is an important area of ensuring economic security. Attention is focused on the need to improve the activities of individual financial institutions within the framework of the Russian national system for counteraction to legalization of criminal profits, and certain aspects of the implementation of international standards in this area.

Article considers application of clusters as the effective instrument of social and economic development of regions, taking into account application of tax preferences - reduction of a tax rate, granting tax benefits, namely: an exception of subject to taxation, of tax base at observance of certain conditions, use of the raising depreciation coefficients). Examples are tax preferences on: to income tax of the organizations (the raising depreciation coefficients), the VAT (release from research and development realization taxation), the property tax of the organizations (an exception of objects with high energy efficiency), to a transport tax (application of the lowered rates for the owners applying in definite purposes), to land tax (an exception of subject to taxation of the land plots used for definite purposes), insurance premiums (the lowered tariffs for the IT companies). An assessment of the offered tax benefits for support of the organizations entering a cluster and also indicators which can be used for assessment of efficiency of their activity is given (the advancing growth of consolidated revenues of the organizations of a cluster in comparison with growth of VRP of the territorial subject of the Russian Federation in which it is located; specific weight of size of the tax benefits provided to the organizations entering a cluster in the size of the additional tax payments which arrived from the above-stated taxpayers within the next three years; growth of investments into the organizations which are a part of a cluster in five years from the moment of creation; specific weight of expenses on research and development in five years from the moment of creation; the size of revenue of the organizations entering a cluster, for one ruble of the provided tax benefits; growth of a share of government procurement since the beginning of production by the organizations which are a part of a cluster; growth of consolidated revenues of the organizations of a cluster rather on various territorial subjects of the Russian Federation). Research writing purposes: to define tax aspects of a clustering of regional economy and to allocate the indicators estimating efficiency of tax regulation. The conclusions received during the research: the consequences of application of clusters as the effective instrument of social and economic development of regions, taking into account use of tax preferences are assessed

Research writing purposes: to define the main questions of implementation of exit tax audits as important form of tax control and to allocate possibilities of increase in efficiency. The conclusions received during the research: the directions of increase in efficiency of exit tax audits are allocated. Exit tax audits are an effective form of tax control, however their quantity sharply decreases in view of high costs of carrying out. In it communication an important condition of their implementation is improvement of quality of the pretest analysis and the appointed tax control measures which taking into account practical activities of tax authorities allow to increase efficiency of conducting tax audits. The analysis of judicial practice allowing to estimate expediency of such actions as reclamation of documents, interrogation of the witness, conducting examination is made. The order of formation of the approximate sum of additional accruals on income tax of the organizations on the basis of calculation of indicators of accounting and tax reports is shown.

Task. The article is devoted to the issues of risk-oriented internal control, as well as risk-oriented management accounting in an insurance company. The formation of a business process in the context of control points of the occurrence of risks, and the assessment of these risks is a subject for practical application in insurance, which was the reason for researching this area. Model. Determine the focus of business processes, resources, points of entry and exit of the business process in order to identify risks. Apply techniques and elements of risk-based management accounting and internal control in an insurance company using one of the types of business process as an example. Combine these risk management systems into a single mechanism. Conclusions. By applying and combining into a single mechanism the techniques, principles, elements of risk-oriented internal control, as well as risk-oriented management accounting in an insurance company, while defining control points for the occurrence of risks in business processes, it is possible to identify real risks in the insurance business in a timely manner eliminating or mitigating their impact on the financial results of insurance companies. Practical importance. Studies have shown that the formation of a mechanism for business processes in an insurance company, while relying on the main elements of internal control and management accounting, while using the techniques of risk-based accounting, will allow an organization to competently manage its risks, identify real risks when controlling any business process, focus on control points, inputs and outputs in the business process, resources, make timely management decisions to level threats in the insurance business. Originality. A mechanism for the formation of business processes is presented, which includes elements and techniques of risk-oriented accounting, as well as internal control. The assessment of risks in the insurance company on the business process «Conclusion of contracts and underwriting in the insurance of property of legal entities». Described by drivers of risk assessment, the main drivers of loss.

The purpose of the research. The article discusses classification of risks and methods of their assessment in integrated structures. The aim of the study is to systematize approaches to risk classification and assessment methods for use in integrated structures. This is necessary for quality risk management. Conclusions. In result of the conducted research the author comes to the conclusion that the risks in integrated structures can be classified according to various criteria, namely the period of occurrence, the factor of appearance, force of impact, size of impact, the area of occurrence, area of occurrence, level of legality. In this article, the author examines in detail the classification of risks in integrated structures. In the study, the author came to the conclusion that for maximum prediction of occurrence with a view to adopting the necessary measures to prevent or minimize its impact, you want them to split, because each risk has its own unique admission control. The author concluded that after determining the location of the risk in their overall system, the effectiveness of the measures taken will increase. By classifying risks in integrated structures, you can determine where the risk is located in their overall system. With its help, opportunities are formed to effectively apply the appropriate methods, as well as techniques for risk management. Assessment of business risks in integrated structures is a stage of risk management that consists of their identification, description, analysis of their consequences, determining the level of probability of their occurrence, and identifying the level of risks for their ranking. You can minimize the risk by using several methods at the same time. To achieve the optimal ratio of the minimum level of risk with the required amount of financial costs, you can use different methods.

This article presents the author's view on the possibilities of codification in relation to basic and complex legal branches. The distinction between them lies in the criterion that underlies the unification of legal norms. The norms of the basic legal branches are united according to the principle of subject unity of regulated relations. This is what makes them capable of such an organization that will most closely meet the requirements of the systematic ordering of normative material. Complex legal branches (branches of legislation) are formed due to the functional unification of legal norms, that is, aimed at regulating a single sphere of life. Such normative formations to a much lesser extent contribute to the formation of normative generalizations used in the codification process.

The purpose of this study was to consider the constitutional right of citizens to appeal in the context of regulating the interaction of citizens and government bodies. The objectives of the study are to analyze the concept of «the right of citizens to appeal», where much attention is paid to the types of appeals, as well as to study the role of the institution of citizens' appeal within the framework of the public administration system. At the same time, the author defines public administration as a complex social process acting as a structure and system of interrelated elements determined by its nature, goals, objectives and functions. And for effective government, according to the author, it is necessary to maintain a balance between the needs and interests of society. Conclusions: in order to increase the efficiency of governance, the state should take care of improving effective mechanisms, the main of which is to take into account citizens' appeals in the process of exercising public power, aimed at improving the quality of the activities of state bodies. And, without any doubt, one of the constructive concepts that contribute to the establishment of a balance of private and public interests is the institution of citizens' appeal to public authorities. As a result of a deep analysis of the issues of correlation and opposition of public and private interests, the author comes to the conclusion that the institution of circulation as a way of taking into account public opinion and the positions of legal entities is a form of expression of both interests. This is dictated by the fact that the right of citizens to appeal to state bodies and local self-government bodies is of a private-public nature.

This article is aimed at identifying and analyzing the features of the network model of innovation activity in the robotics cluster in the context of intellectual property protection on the example of a number of foreign countries and Russia. The starting point of the research is the currently observed creeping networking implicated as an introduction of non-market communication, which is beginning to replace purely exchange, monetary regulations in the economy, law and other spheres of society. The article analyzes approaches of foreign countries and Russia that create patterns of acceptability (acceptance, objective necessity) of the application of «open» innovations in the robotics cluster and some facets of the influence of this trend in the field of law based on analytical reflections on the information gathered from the sources and literature listed below. The relevance, theoretical and practical significance of such a research is due to the fact that both network «open» (innovative) and «closed» (traditional) methods of developing new scientific knowledge have their pros and cons, which can currently slow down or accelerate scientific progress and contribute to innovative growth. Experience of functioning of foreign institutes, research centers, etc. can be useful in finding answers to similar questions related to the development, justification and adoption of collaborations based on «open» innovations in our country. Such a research also serves to fill in the existing gap in the coverage of legal and other approaches of foreign countries in the field under study in the modern period. The author's results, among others, are presented in the idea that in a long- and even medium-term perspective there will be no need in patents both in the robotics cluster and other clusters (fields of activity, sub-sectors of the economy) due to a number of reasons that we have mentioned (the objective need for network collaborations, including «open» innovations, due to the inability to work and create alone, greater economic benefits that give collaborations and networks instead of other formats, etc.), which is indirectly confirmed today by the development of compatible blockchains.

The people's Republic of China has long been undergoing a consistent reform of civil law in General, and civil law in particular, Related to the codification of the norms, regulations and institutions of law governing social relations in a socialist society. During the transition period of civil law development, at one of its stages, the new Basic provisions of civil law of the people's Republic of China (2017) were adopted. It should be noted that this law includes such important General principles of regulating the institutions of individuals and legal entities, issues of representation and the passage of time, including the Statute of limitations, transactions and civil liability, and regulated certain types of civil relations, including: personal non - property, property, obligation, intellectual, inheritance and family rights). Finally, from 1 January 2021 shall enter into force the new provisions of the Civil code of the PRC, where the Main provisions of the PRC civil law 2017, will occupy a worthy place in the General part of the civil code of the PRC. The modern significance of the codification of civil legislation is very difficult to overestimate because many attempts to adopt the Civil code since 1949 have not been successful. A long way to study the theory and practice of unified and codified civil acts of foreign countries: France (French civil code of 1804), Germany (German civil code 1896) and the Russian Federation (1994, 2001 and 2006 with subsequent amendments and additions) has led to the final political decision - GK China to be finalized in 2020, and what happened. According to Chinese scientists, in 2011, the standing Committee of the national people's Congress announced the completion of the construction of a socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, and the time has come to combine the regulation of civil relations in the norms of one law - the civil code of the people's Republic of China. The content of the article would be incomplete if we Russian scientists and practitioners did not have to comprehend the issues of law enforcement practice of the Supreme people's court of the people's Republic of China, which by its type of activity and authority provides judicial explanations in the development of civil law in practice. The purpose of this work is to show, mainly in the framework of contract law, what difficulties judicial practice may face if the Supreme people's court of the people's Republic of China does not provide appropriate explanations, for example, in the framework of the contract of sale and other institutions of contract law, which are especially popular in the land of the rising sun. Of course, the features of the judicial system of the people's Republic of China, as well as scientific articles by Russian and Chinese scientists that reveal the powers of the country's highest judicial body are extremely informative and you have to use the information posted on the official website of the Court, as well as study the texts of the Court's explanations, which are selectively published because there is no uniformity of interpretation of judicial acts. Today in China, in modern conditions, the state economy, and, of course, «socialist property» are inviolable» and the new civil code of the people's Republic of China (2021) gives the rule of law to citizens and legal entities. It is quite important to know and appreciate the scholars and practitioners of the countries of China and Russia, other States, and how judicial explanations of the Supreme people's Court of China will influence the interpretation of norms and institutions of the Civil code of China (2021) in the development of law enforcement practice, as in their native Homeland and foreign countries where the volume of mutual trade is increasing in various fields.

Task. The purpose of the study is to study the features of the legal regulation of concluding lease agreements for a land plot based on the results of an auction (tendering). Model. This article discusses the procedure for concluding a land lease agreement. We also reviewed the features of exchange and return of goods of good quality purchased remotely. The legislative process for the regulation of the land share lease agreement is analyzed. The legal positions of the courts on the issue are briefly considered. Conclusion. During the study, certain features inherent in the lease agreement for a land plot concluded because of the auction (auction) were revealed. The land lease agreement is assigned an important role in the development and improvement of property and land relations. This agreement contributes to the formation of a legal link between the participants and objects of property turnover, and acts as a legal means to ensure the protection of land plots in state and municipal ownership. The lease agreement is concluded in writing, and the procedure for concluding the agreement and the preceding procedures depend on the purpose for which a specific agreement is concluded.

The subject of the study is the subject of contracts for the implementation of research, development and technological work. For any type of contract in civil law an important role is played by its essential conditions, the most important of which is the condition on the subject of the contract. Among civilians there is no consensus on what exactly is considered the subject of contracts for the implementation of research, development and technological work. In the article, the author analyzes the current legislation, judicial practice, considers the subjects of these agreements from the point of view of assigning them to objects of civil rights. The methodological basis of the study is the application of universal methods of cognition, such as the analysis method and the synthesis method. Also, special legal methods of cognition, traditional for legal science, were used: the formal legal method, which is used to generalize and formulate legal concepts, definitions and definitions; comparative legal method, which is a consistent study and comparison of several similar objects, as well as legal modeling, which allows you to find the optimal regulatory model for civil (private law) public relations. The main conclusion of the study is the author’s conclusion that it is necessary to distinguish between such concepts as the subject of the contract and the subject of the contract, as well as the fact that the issue of determining the subject of the contract for the implementation of research, development and technological work must be approached on the basis of for the purpose of concluding these types of contracts. As a result of the study, the author formulated his own definitions of the subjects of contracts for the implementation of research, development and technological works.

The paper contemplates to the specifics of entering into a nominal account agreement and performing banking operations on it in connection with the professional activities of operators of investment platforms, financial platforms, and information systems. The purpose of the research is to analyze the legislation of the Russian Federation regulating legal relations related to the introduction of digital financial instruments and digital methods of concluding financial transactions that require opening and maintaining nominal (special) accounts of operators of investment platforms, financial platforms, and information systems by Bank credit organizations. Conclusions obtained in the course of the study. The credit organization provides implementation of activities on investment platforms, financial platforms, and information systems by performing operations on nominal (special) accounts of operators of investment and financial platforms, information systems, and other Bank accounts (deposits) of these operators; investors of investment platforms; and consumers of financial services on financial platforms; non-public joint-stock companies that make transactions in information systems, persons to whom consumers of financial services on financial platforms have obligations. The nominal account agreement is concluded in writing by drawing up a single document signed by the parties, with the mandatory indication of the date of its conclusion. This agreement can be issued as an electronic document. The range of operations on nominal accounts of operators of various platforms operating in the information and telecommunications network «Internet» is limited and differs depending on the specifics of the legal regulation of professional activities of an operator. However, all the above-mentioned operations for transferring funds must be carried out in the interests of the beneficiaries of nominal accounts.

The article examines measures to support traditional crafts in various countries of the world. It was noted that the need to protect the rights of peoples to traditional culture, the expression of which is crafts, was recognized not only by the world Organization of Intellectual Property, but also at the level of international and national legislation. It is concluded that it is necessary to form a unified state policy that should ensure: the appropriate codification of Russian legislation in the field of folk art crafts; active participation of public authorities in the development of folk arts and its subjects; the active participation of nonprofit organizations in the development of various national art crafts in Russia; formation and development of new forms and methods of support of the sphere of folk artistic crafts at the state level and the level of civil society.

Purpose of the research: Digitisation has touched upon labor relationship. Some elements of digitalization are already actively used by employers in the format of electronic record of employees' work experience. The federal project «Normative regulation of the digital environment» provides the development of normative and legal acts on the conclusion, amendment, termination and storage of employment contracts, the introduction of digital HR workflow. The author analyzes the existing experience in the implementation of digital technologies in labor relationship, and also considers the prospects for the introduction of electronic document management in the organization. Conclusions: From January 1, 2020, an electronic employment record of has been introduced in Russia. In this context, employers are obliged to report all labor activity changes of their employees to the Pension Fund of Russia. The concept of «electronic employment record book» is proposed to enshrine normatively. In the future, it is planned to conclude, change and terminate labor contracts in digital format, in connection with pilots projects have been started to introduce electronic documents related to work. The author emphasizes the need to consolidate at the legislative level a clear algorithm for working with electronic labor contracts, making this process not mandatory, but voluntary for employers. Currently, a new draft law concerning legally significant communications from the parties to the employment contract is being discussed. The author thinks that legalization of the of electronic messages exchange, will give an opportunity to conclude employment contracts using this resource.

Purpose of the study. The article examines the features of the formation and transformation of ethical and legal regulation of the principle of independence in the implementation of external control in the form of audit of state corporations. From a critical point of view, the authors analyzed the features of modern state corporations operating in the Russian Federation in the system of state-monopolistic capitalism, investigated the key norms of the current legislation governing the independence of auditors and audit organizations from the companies they audit. Conclusions. As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion about the low efficiency of control over the financial and economic activities of state corporations due to a number of objective factors. These factors are conditioned, on the one hand, by the peculiarities of the legal status of state corporations, including their non-commercial nature and socially significant position, on the other hand, by the individual properties of the Russian economy. The identified risk factors objectively correlate with the most common corruption risks. The study of the transformation of regulatory, legislative and ethical documents governing the principle of independence in audit allows us to formulate the most significant norms ensuring compliance with the independence of auditors from the companies they audit. At the same time, it is obvious that in the current economic reality, the current market mechanisms necessitate a qualitative modernization, firstly, the criteria for admission to the auditing profession, and secondly, the structure and content of educational standards for SRO auditors, etc.

The purpose of this study is to consider the negative impact of globalization processes. The negative consequences of globalization include political and economic crises, environmental disasters, spiritual and moral genocide, increased racial, interethnic and religious intolerance, increased social polarization, both in national systems and at the international level. As a result of these processes, there has been a significant increase in the economically disadvantaged segment of the population. All these factors combined have led to the growth of various kinds of protest movements, incl. extremist orientation. The objectives of the study are to analyze the negative consequences occurring at the present stage, under the influence of globalization processes that determined the nature of extremism, as a reaction to the globalization of society, which became the source of crises that occurred one after another: banking, financial, structural and the global world crisis became the final one. As a result of the dynamic development of information systems, the weakening of border regimes, an increase in the possibilities of cross-border movement of financial resources and the active implementation of a policy of global and local dissemination of their cultural and legal values by a number of states, a number of states have led to the intensification of extremist activity, and also entailed its qualitative transformation. Thus, extremism, as a phenomenon, ceased to be concentrated within certain national boundaries. As part of the study, the author came to the conclusion that the dynamics and concepts of globalization provoked the growth of extremism, which grew into radical fundamentalism. All this requires the development of effective measures aimed at overcoming the economic, political, spiritual, moral and cultural crises that provoke religious and political factors that are expressed in the strengthening of extremism.

The article presents the results of the criminal law analysis of crimes committed in the field of healthcare. In view of the fact that Russian criminal law does not provide for this sphere as an independent object and, accordingly, does not distinguish a group of attacks on it, the article sets the task of their doctrinal integration in order to study their social danger, legal and social nature, ensure proper qualification, as well as effective prevention. A very difficult situation has developed around the criminal status of a medical worker. Let's start with the fact that this term itself refers to a rather heterogeneous group of subjects - doctors (often meaning a specialty, for example, an obstetrician, a sanitary doctor, etc.), as well as sanitary, veterinary doctors, auxiliary medical staff, pharmacists, etc. Thus, the problem is the absence of a criminal law concept of a medical worker and, as a result, the resulting difficulties in qualification. A number of articles of the criminal code use different names of medical professionals. Within the framework of this task, based on a critical analysis of existing approaches in the science of criminal law, the author formulates his own concept of crimes in the field of health care, describes the problem, studies their legal and social nature, and systematizes such crimes. Special attention is paid to the criminal law regulation of the status of health care workers as special subjects of crime. Classification and comparative analysis of such crimes are carried out, and each of the selected groups is examined. Gaps are identified in the regulation of liability for crimes in the health sector, and proposals are formulated to amend the criminal law.

The article presents the results of the analysis of proposals developed in criminal law science to optimize the Russian criminal legislation in the sphere of turnover of medicines and medical devices. A number of author's proposals for improving this regulatory framework are formulated. The purpose of this article is to substantiate the issues of criminal legislation in the field of illegal trafficking of medicines and medical devices, to specify the problems of qualification of these crimes, and to develop recommendations on amendments to the criminal code of the Russian Federation in this area. Conclusions obtained in the course of the study. Acts committed in the sphere of illicit trafficking in medicines and products have a high degree of public danger. The current state of these crimes indicates the problems that arise in the qualification of these crimes and the high level of their latency, especially in the part where these crimes are committed using information and telecommunications technologies. At the same time, at the doctrinal level, the directions for optimizing the analyzed provisions of the criminal law were developed, and the analysis of criminal cases was carried out, which allowed the author to make a number of proposals for making changes to the criminal law.

A set of legislative instruments regulating market abuse have been adopted by the European Union. The principal contemporary legislative instrument in this field, addressed to its Member States, is the Regulation No 596/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council on market abuse. Legislation has been supplemented by the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (formerly known as the Court of Justice of the European Communities). It is a key element for the development of legal practice in all Member States of the European Union. The assessment of case-law on market abuse is therefore needed. The paper analyses relevant cases. In each case at the outset a reference for a preliminary ruling is mentioned. Further, dispute in the main proceedings and the question(s) referred for a preliminary ruling are analysed. The most important parts of analyses are considerations by the Court of Justice and its rulings

Based on generalization and scientific analysis of expert practice, court decisions on cases related to intellectual property objects, the article presents the subject, objects and tasks of forensic examination of intellectual property objects. It is a result of the synthesis of forensic expert science and empirical experience. In particular, direct objects of forensic examination of intellectual property objects, common objects for each type of forensic examination of intellectual property, generic object of forensic examination of intellectual property presented. Typical questions presented. The subject of forensic examination of intellectual property objects defined, and the tasks solved in the course of research of intellectual property objects presented. The tasks of forensic examination of intellectual property objects divided into identification and diagnostic groups. The object of this examination is a material carrier of information about the results of intellectual activity or the use of means of individualization. The subject - factual data or circumstances of the case, established on the expert's special knowledge, identified in the course of expert research of intellectual property objects. Tasks generally divided into identification tasks, including establishing the identity of intellectual property objects, and diagnostic tasks, including determining the characteristics and properties of intellectual property objects.

Living in an age of high technology that is able to maintain the level of security at the proper level. Still, we cannot be 100% safe from the threat of terrorism. This does not mean that the level of passenger security at transport facilities does not meet all norms and requirements. That is why, along with the already existing technologies and methods, which ensure the security of transport infrastructure, it is necessary to resort to the constant use of alternative options for detection of offences committed in the objects of transport. One of the promising approaches to this problem is the introduction of modern technologies (profiling), which is used by Western security services for over 30 years and is gradually becoming in demand in Russia and neighboring countries. The purpose of the work is the following: designation and delimitation of responsibilities of two services, such as SAS (aviation security service) and transport police officers for carrying out and inspection activities at the objects of transport complex; implementation of the method of profiling in the work of the inspectors of specialized departments to ensure public order in the transport and technological sectors of transport infrastructure LO / LU of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (SOOP). As a result, we put forward a proposal on the need to train the staff of line departments in certain aspects of profiling with the involvement of in-house psychologists at the institutes of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.