Vol 6, No 1 (2016)

The present research is performed in the framework of energy and resources conservation measures promotion in civil engineering. It introduces the perspectives of using thermal isolation in outer building envelopes and in air ventilation and conditioning systems insulation. The paper analyses the use of thermal screen isolation in building envelopes and air ventilation systems and proves that at the moment there is no methodology able to calculate these constructions in the existing engineering practice. The authors conducted a physical experiment to get reliable data on thermal screen isolation properties taking expanded polyethylene as a sample material. The results of the experiment as well as the obtained thermal conduction coefficient are presented in the paper. On the basis of the numerical data the authors introduce a verified methodology of calculation of thermal properties for building envelopes with screen insulation.

The paper deals with the study of aerodynamic resistance in a channel with dumbbell-shaped dimples on the surface and with smooth walls. It has been found that the hydraulic resistance of a channel with dumbbell-shaped dimples is higher than of a smooth one. The surface of the channel of the proposed design is also higher. It can be used for the intensification of heat transmission in recuperative heat exchangers of ventilation systems. The numerical study of the flow in a rectangular channel with one-sided arrangement of dimples of proposed geometry has been carried out. It has been determined that the use of such dimples at small flow rates near the inlet (1-0.5 m/s) will increase the rate of gas flow near the surface with dimples in comparison with a smooth wall to 20 %. When the flow rate near the inlet is 16.5 m/s, the areas with lower rates appear near the dimples.

The aim of this work is to assess the effectiveness of triggering a dirt insert of a reserve water outlet. For this purpose, conventional methods of hydraulic calculations. The article presents a calculation scheme of impact of surface and seepage fl ow onto a dirt box of a reserve water outlet. The paper also describes the mechanism of erosion of the soil paste under the infl uence of surface and seepage fl ow. The article presents the empirical formula for determination of fl ow coeffi cient on the basis of experimental studies. Examine a practical example of calculating a surface blur, not washing away and critical fl ow velocities. We have also identified the gradients of contact erosion for soil. The analysis of the results obtained on the basis of hydraulic calculations.

The paper dwells upon various designs of roads on approaches to a mountain pass with the use of «loops» and serpentines. When designing serpentines it has been offered to calculate the magnitude of the transition curve on the base curve taking into consideration the optimum safety speed, and on the reversed curve - the speed provided by the basic curve rather than its radius. This allows to adjust a road layout to the relief form at the most, causing minimum possible damage to the environment. It has been recommended to lay a road on the approaches to a mountain pass focusing not on the limiting for the given road category longitudinal gradient, but on the «ruling» one, which is smaller than the limiting by the value of its decreasing on curvatures of small radii. The value of decreasing the limiting longitudinal gradient for roads located in the mountain massif of Central Asia, taking into account the position of the ridge in the mountain massif and slope exposure has been determined. The use of «loops» and serpentines for development of roads on a mountain slope has been calculated. Their comparison has been made. In many respects, the loop turned out to be more preferable than serpentines.

The technology of intensive biothermal composting of oil-sludge waste products developed by employees of the Samara State Technical University is an eff ective method of recycling of the large-capacity waste products formed during oil refi ning. Furthermore, application of sludge waste products of auxiliary branches of the oil complex as cellulating and inoculating additives provides depreciation of sludge processing. The article describes the features of building and exploitation complexes biodestruction of oil waste in conditions of existing plants. Technological schemes and technical and economic indicators of the complex are designed in the environment an oil refinery.

The paper considers foreign experience of landscape design and reconstruction of Pocket parks and gives examples of existing urban public gardens of Samara and their comprehensive analysis, introduces principles of reconstruction. Particular att ention is paid to style and image peculiarities of small urban community garden, depending on their size, functional use and location in the structure of the city.

The paper deals with environment crisis and its characteristics as the basis for introducing the author’s conception of compositional method of design. The author defines environment as a complex system of human coexistence and stresses the importance of an architect’s personal skills in the global system of objective and subjective factors as the reasons for destructive environment origin. The main task of the compositional method does not involve just stressing particular outstanding architectural fates and creations. It lies in architectural profi ciency maintaining and in interrelating it with general architectural ideas of worthiness and beauty.

The article investigates contemporary approaches to the architectural design of waste management plants. The authors analyze waste management current state in Russia and abroad. Problems of formation of the infrastructure and prospects of development of the architectural typology of waste management facilities are also considered. The paper classifies innovative architectural trends of increasing environmental and social value of waste transfer stations, waste recycling plants and incineration plants and provides illustrative examples.

The article explores the evolution of one of compositional types of urban planning - sporadic building (sporadic town-planning). The author draws att ention to the ideological-theoretical sources of its occurrence. This article discusses examples of open-plan in foreign and domestic practice of urban planning, including the Soviet period in the former Kuibyshev (Samara). The peculiarities of the sporadic building development are revealed in the present urban-planning practice of Samara. The author analyzes the objective obstacles in the implementation of open-planning on a present time-base. The paper concludes about a possible revival of the open-plan after a long crisis in terms of development of urban Samara`s areas with challenging terrain.

The article focuses on the formation of Saratov planning patt ern while applying the method of component analysis of the changes in the city planning patt ern and outlining the interdependence of these changes in the process of investigating the genesis of the planning patt ern. The paper shows diff erent stages of the quantitative growth of the city and qualitative changes in its planning organization. Quantitative growth of the road network in Saratov and its qualitative changes over the time are investigated. The stages of both nodal and linear urban centers formation are marked. Processes of intensive and extensive development of these centers are described. Quantitative growth rates for all components of Saratov planning patt ern are determined. These fi gures are summarized in tables. In conclusion a graphical sheme of the genesis of Saratov planning patt ern is put forward.