Vol 484, No 3 (2019)

Mathematics

Embedding of spaces of functions of positive smoothness on irregular domains

Besov O.V.

Abstract

For spaces of functions of positive smoothness defined on irregular domain of n-dimensional Euclidean space, an embedding theorem into spaces of the same type and related results are presented.

Доклады Академии наук. 2019;484(3):255-259
pages 255-259 views

Expansion of solutions to an ordinary differential equation into transseries

Bruno A.D.

Abstract

We consider a polynomial ODE of the order n in a neighbourhood of zero or of infinity of the independent variable. A method of calculation of its solutions in the form of power series and an exponential addition, which contains one more power series, was described. The exponential addition has an arbitrary constant, exists in some set E1 of sectors of the complex plane and can be found from a solution to an ODE of the order n - 1. An hierarchic sequence of such exponential additions is possible, that each of these exponential additions is defined from an ODE of a lower order n - i and exists in its own set Ei. Here we must check the non-emptiness of intersection of the sets E1 Ç ... Ç Ei. Each exponential addition continues into its own exponential expansion, containing countable set of power series. As a result we obtain an expansion of a solution into a transseries, containing countable set of power series, all of which are summable. The transseries describes families of solutions to the initial ODE in some set of sectors of the complex plane.

Доклады Академии наук. 2019;484(3):260-264
pages 260-264 views

On optimal bounds in the local semicircle law under four moment condition

Götze F., Naumov A.A., Tikhomirov A.N.

Abstract

We consider symmetric random matrices with independent mean zero and unit variance entries in the upper triangular part. Assuming that the distributions of matrix entries have finite moment of order four, we prove optimal bounds for the distance between the Stieltjes transforms of the empirical spectral distribution function and the semicircle law. Application concerning the convergence rate in probability of the empirical spectral distribution to the semicircle law is discussed as well.

Доклады Академии наук. 2019;484(3):265-268
pages 265-268 views

On determination of the permittivity through the module of the vector of the electric strength of the high-frequency electromagnetic field

Romanov V.G.

Abstract

For nonmagnetic and nonconductive medium the system of electrodynamic equations that corresponds to periodic in time oscillations is considered. An inverse problem of determining permittivity in this system by the given module of the electric strength is studied. It is supposed that the electric fields is a result of the interference of two fields created by point sources. The permittivity e(x) is assumed to be differ from a given positive constant e0 inside of a compact domain W0 Ì R3 only. An information on module of the electric strength is given on the boundary of the domain W contained W0 inside itself and for all frequencies beginning with some fixed frequency w0. The asymptotic behavior of solution of a direct problem related to the electrodynamic equations is studied and the original inverse problem is reduced to the well known inverse kinematic problem. This reduction open a way for constructive solution of the inverse phaseless problem.

Доклады Академии наук. 2019;484(3):269-272
pages 269-272 views

On C.R. RAO’s theorem for locally compact abelian groups

Feldman G.M.

Abstract

Let x1, x2, x3 be independent random variables with values in a locally compact Abelian group X with nonvanish- ing characteristic functions, and aj, bj be continuous endomorphisms of X satisfying some restrictions. Let L1 = a1x1 + a2x2 + a3x3, L2 = b1x1 + b2x2 + b3x3. It was proved that the distribution of the random vector (L1; L2) determines the distributions of the random variables xj up a shift. This result is a group analogue of the well-known C.R. Rao theorem. We also prove an analogue of another C.R. Rao’s theorem for independent random variables with values in an a-adic solenoid.

Доклады Академии наук. 2019;484(3):273-276
pages 273-276 views

Mechanics

Laser photoacoustic evaluaion of residual stresses in metal plates with a hole

Glazov A.L., Morozov N.F., Muratikov K.L.

Abstract

The nature of the change in the photoacoustic signal around the hole in samples of duralumin is studied. A com- parison of the experimental results with the solution of the classical problem for stress distribution around a circular hole in a prestressed plate is made. A good correspondence between the behavior of the photoacoustic signal with piezoelectric recording and the distribution of stresses around the hole is demonstrated. The possibility of estimating the internal stresses by the photoacoustic method in combination with the hole drilling method is shown.

Доклады Академии наук. 2019;484(3):277-280
pages 277-280 views

Synthesizing spacecraft orbits with high inclinations using Venusian gravity assists

Golubev Y.F., Grushevskii A.V., Koryanov V.V., Tuchin A.G., Tuchin D.A.

Abstract

An adaptive, semi‑analytical, and geometrically clear method for synthesis of sequences of Venusian gravity‑assist maneuvers setting the desired inclination of a spacecraft orbit is proposed. The geometric constraint on the maximum possible inclination of a spacecraft orbit, which depends on the asymptotic spacecraft velocity relative to Venus, and the dynamic constraint (arising when a gravity‑assist maneuver is performed) on the angle of rotation of the vector of asymptotic velocity relative to Venus are considered simultaneously.

Доклады Академии наук. 2019;484(3):281-284
pages 281-284 views

On the moving contact line singularity

Krechetnikov R.

Abstract

Given that contact line between liquid and solid phases can move regardless how negligibly small are the surface roughness, Navier slip, liquid volatility, impurities, deviations from the Newtonian behavior, and other system- dependent parameters, the problem is treated here from the pure hydrodynamical point of view only. In this note, based on straightforward logical considerations, we would like to offer a new idea of how the moving contact line singularity can be resolved and provide support with estimates of the involved physical parameters as well as with an analytical local solution.

Доклады Академии наук. 2019;484(3):285-288
pages 285-288 views

Qualitative analysis of the undesirable effect of loss of traction force of a vehicle during an intense start

Reshmin S.A.

Abstract

The effect of a significant and sharp loss of the average traction force during vehicle acceleration with asymmetric or asynchronous vibrations of the driving wheels is found. The effect manifests itself in vehicles with an inter- wheel differential under an intensive start with slipping. The vibrational modes leading to both partial and almost complete loss of the average traction force are specified. It can be dangerous when entering highways or crossing unregulated intersections.

Доклады Академии наук. 2019;484(3):289-293
pages 289-293 views

Chemistry

Electroreduction of the bromate anion on a microlectrode in excess acid: solution of the inverse kinetic problem

Goncharova O.A., Glazkov A.T., Lizgina K.V., Piryazev A.A., Koryakin S.L., Konev D.V., Vorotyntsev M.A., Mintsev V.B.

Abstract

Acidic aqueous solutions of bromic acid salts (bromates) are promising electrolytes for redox flow batteries due to their record high power capacity and the rate of electrode reactions proceeding in the autocatalytic regime. The paper gives a comparison of the results of mathematical modeling and experimental measurements of steady state currents of bromate anion electroreduction in sulfuric acid medium on microelectrodes of various radii. An algorithm of solving the inverse problem suitable for determination of the key transport and kinetic process parameters was proposed and tested.

Доклады Академии наук. 2019;484(3):294-298
pages 294-298 views

New metal-oxide composite materials as efficient catalysts of the partial oxidation of methane

Dedov A.G., Slyakhtin O.A., Loktev A.S., Mazo G.N., Malyshev S.A., Moiseev I.I.

Abstract

Single-phase complex oxides Nd2-yCayCoxNi1-xO4 have been synthesized for the first time. Composites prepared by the reduction of these compounds with hydrogen and containing Nd2O3, CaO, and cobalt and nickels metals have been used for the first time as catalysts of the partial oxidation of methane. The maximal methane conversions (97%) and syngas yields (96%) at 900 °С have been detected in the presence of the composite obtained from Nd1,5Ca0,5NiO4. At T < 850 °C, the nickel–cobalt composite synthesized from Nd1,3Ca0,7Co0,4Ni0,6O4 turned out to be more selective in the formation of syngas. Decreasing the partial oxidation temperature from 900 °С to 750 °С leads to the oxidation of metallic nickel and cobalt to oxides and to partial resynthesis of complex oxides with perovskite and K2NiF4 structures. The observed differences in temperature dependence of the catalytic properties of composites with various Ni/Co ratios can be associated with the participation of complex oxides in catalysis of the partial oxidation of methane at low temperatures.

Доклады Академии наук. 2019;484(3):299-302
pages 299-302 views

Chemical Technology

Computer multi-agent model of chemico-physiological processes in the human gastrointestinal tract as a living biochemical system

Meshalkin V.P., Ivashkin Y.A., Nikitina M.A.

Abstract

A methodology was proposed to develop an original computer-aided multiagent model of chemicophysiological processes in the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) as a complex living biochemical system (LBCS), which simulates chemicophysiological processes of interaction of biologically active parts and organs of GIT in models of intelligent organoid agents. The model vividly represents chemicophysiological processes of the complex LBCS as a whole and also predicts its viability and homeostasis in cases of various physiological and biochemical external actions, internal abnormalities, and malfunctioning of GIT organs.

Доклады Академии наук. 2019;484(3):303-306
pages 303-306 views

Physical chemistry

Solid state catalytic hydrogen exchange for deuterium in cycloprolylglycine

Dadayan A.K., Borisov Y.A., Bocharov E.V., Zolotarev Y.A., Nagaev I.Y., Myasoedov N.F.

Abstract

The reaction of spillover hydrogen (SH) with cyclopropylglycine (cPG) in high-temperature solid-state catalytic hydrogen isotope exchange (HTCIE) has been studied experimentally and using density functional theory (DFT). NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry have shown a high regioselectivity and stereoselectivity for the reaction of spillover hydrogen with cPG fragments. The Gly fragment has been shown to be the most reactive in HTCIE, for which high stereoselectivity of substitution of hydrogen by deuterium has been demonstrated.

Доклады Академии наук. 2019;484(3):307-311
pages 307-311 views

Features of haloalkane effect on the concentration limits and induction time for the ignition of methane–oxygen mixtures

Drakon A.V., Eremin A.V., Azatyan V.V.

Abstract

A strong difference in the character of admixture effect on ignition by shock wave and spark initiation has been revealed using the haloalkane effect on the ignition of methane–oxygen mixtures as an example. It has been shown that the difference is determined by the presence of considerable concentrations of reactive intermediate species in an initial mixture, the qualitative difference in gas heating modes, and the strong difference between the temperature ranges of the process for two these methods.

Доклады Академии наук. 2019;484(3):312-315
pages 312-315 views

Geology

Disjunctive dislocations of the upper crust of Tien Shan

Burtman V.S.

Abstract

This paper analyzes the rose diagrams of the directions of 439 faults of the Variscian province, 476 faults of the Caledonian province, and 603 presently active faults of Tien Shan. It is shown that more than half of the faults of the Caledonian province of Tien Shan are a result of Late Paleozoic orogenesis, which spanned its entire territory. Our data indicate that seismic events of Tien Shan have resulted in no formation of new disjunctive dislocation in many cases exhibiting displacements along Paleozoic faults.

Доклады Академии наук. 2019;484(3):316-319
pages 316-319 views

Selenium in pyrite ores

Vikentyev I.V., Belogub E.V., Moloshag V.P., Eremin N.I.

Abstract

Own Se minerals, first established in primary ores of VMS deposits of the Urals, are described. Instrumental neutron activation analysis of bulk ore samples, mineral monofractions and local methods of analysis: LA-ICP- MS, electron probe microanalysis and analytical electron microscopy were used. CSe in ores of the Urals to 977 g/t. Significant positive correlation of Se with Te, S, Fe, Co, Mo, Hg, Bi is characteristic. Selenium is con- centrated in the main sulfides, mainly in pyrite (73 g/t), chalcopyrite 49 g/t, pyrrhotite 48 g/t; in sphalerite usually <10 g/t. High Se content (up to 1–3 wt.%) occurs in the minor and rare minerals from massive sulfide ores (mainly compounds of Pb, Te, Bi): tetradymite, galena, tellurobismuthite, altaite, wittichenite. Own Se minerals in ores are represented by kawazulite, clausthalite, galena-clausthalite Pb(Se,S), micron inclusions composition (Ag, Cu)2(Se, S), (Ag, Pb)3(Te, Se)S, (Ag, Pb)2(S, Se).

Доклады Академии наук. 2019;484(3):320-324
pages 320-324 views

Sources and provenances for the Late Cenozoic sands of the Olhon Island (Baikal rift zone)

Kotov А.B., Skovitina T.M., Kovach V.P., Sklyarov E.V., Donskaya T.V., Lopatin D.V., Plotkina Y.V., Tolmacheva E.V., Gorokhovskii B.M., Buchnev I.N.

Abstract

U–Th–Pb geochronological (LA-ICP-MS) stady the detritе zircons from the Late Cainozoic sands of the Olkhon island (the Baikal rift zone) were performed. It is shown that the early Paleozoic magmatic and metamorphic complexes of the Olkhon terrein of the Central Asian Mobile Belt and the Late Carbonian – the Early Permian granitoids of the Angaro-Vitimsky batholith were the main their sources. Transfer of granitoids of the Angaro- Vitimsky batholith were the main their sources. Transfer of the last was carried out on distance not less than 100 km. The assumption is made that it happened by powerful air transfer, and including on ice of Baikal Lake.

Доклады Академии наук. 2019;484(3):325-328
pages 325-328 views

Postcollisional granitoids and aptian-albian extension in tectonic evolution of Chukotka mesozoides, Northeast Russia

Luchitskaya M.V., Sokolov S.D., Verzhbitsky V.E., Vatrushkina E.V., Ganelin A.V., Golionko B.G.

Abstract

New U–Pb SIMS zircon datings from granitoid plutons and dikes of Western Chukotka together with earlier obtained data confirm that postcollisional granitoid magmatism and dike intrusion occurred in Aptian–Albian (117–105 m.y.) and fix change of tectonic regime from collision to extension in tectonic evolution of Chukotka Mesozoides. These events may be related to continuing expansion of Amerasian basin since Jurassic and forma- tion in Aptian—Albian time of both oceanic Makarov, Podvodnikov basins and Anakhurgen, Nutesyn and Kameshkov basins in continental framework of Eastern Arctic. Synchronism of tectonic events of extension and spreading in the Canada Basin and collisional events, deformations and reorganization of structural style and sedimentary environment in the South-Anyui suture is noted. This may be regarded as confirmation of rotation hypothesis of Amerasian Basin formation.

Доклады Академии наук. 2019;484(3):329-334
pages 329-334 views

Geochemistry

Common neoproterozoic–early paleozoic evolution of ore-bearing sedimentary complexes in the southern Siberian craton

Budyak A.E., Skuzovatov S.Y., Tarasova Y.I., Wang K., Goryachev N.A.

Abstract

A comparison of the lithological-geochemical parameters for the deposits of the Dalnetaiga series of the Bodaibo synclinorium (the Buzhuikhta and Khomolkho suites) and the Olokit structural-formation zone (the Itykit and Ondok suites), hosting polymetallic deposits (Kholodnin, Ioko-Rybach’e), along with the obtained geochronological LA-ICP-MS U–Pb age estimates of the Ondok suite (~600 Ma), indicates their similar stratigraphic position in the Neoproterozoic in Southern Siberia. At the first stage of formation of polymetallic and gold-ore objects, the siderochalcophylic trend is considered to have appeared synchronously in the two structural zones, which could have been caused by the hydrothermal activity in the backarc basin of the Olokit structure.

Доклады Академии наук. 2019;484(3):335-339
pages 335-339 views

The age of back-arc spreading of the Ural paleoisland arc (by the results of Sm-Nd and U-Pb dating of dolerites and studying the composition of inclusions in zircon)

Ivanov K.S., Berzin S.V., Erokhin Y.V., Ronkin Y.L., Khiller V.V.

Abstract

The data on the Silurian Sm–Nd age (426 ± 34 Ma) behind the arc-spreading dolerites of the sheeted dikes of Mount Azov in the Middle Urals was obtained. This age coincides with the age of zircons (428,5 ± 3,7 Ma) from the dolerites of the East-Ural megazone, which indicates the regional nature of the back-arc spreading processes. A study of the crystal ontogeny and composition of inclusions of metamorphogenic minerals in Mid-Upper Devonian zircons from the dikes of the city of Azov showed that the formation of zircons took place in the course of regional metamorphism of dolerites and enclosing basalts. This metamorphism coincides with the time of the onset of the collision in the late Devonian, and conflict processes manifested themselves over practically the entire width of the region.

Доклады Академии наук. 2019;484(3):340-343
pages 340-343 views

Paleoarchean U–Pb (SIMS SHRIMP-II) age of mafic granulites of the bug complex (Ukrainian shield)

Lobach-Zhuchenko S.B., Kaulina T.B., Marin Y.B., Yurchenko A.V., Skublov S.G., Egorova Y.S., Galankina O.L., Sergeev S.A.

Abstract

Mafic granulites (metamorphosed tholeite-komatiite volcanic rocks) represent the inclusions in gneissenderbite of the Bug complex (southwest of the Ukrainian shield). The studied mafic inclusion has two zircon generations of magmatic origin that yield, respectively, SHRIMP zircon U–Pb ages of 3628±58 Ma and 2845±65 Ma. The first age is the oldest date the earliest stage of basic magmatism on the Ukrainian shield. The age of the second zircon is interpreted as a result of partial melting, synchronous with the metamorphism in the area.

Доклады Академии наук. 2019;484(3):344-347
pages 344-347 views

Geophysics

Theory of filtration in a double porosity medium

Lobkovskiy L.I., Ramazanov M.M.

Abstract

This paper defines a generalized mathematical model of filtration in a double porosity medium, taking into ac- count recent ideas on liquid and gas flow in rocks with an anomalously low permeability (including nanoporous rocks). The obtained generalized equation takes into consideration, in contrast to the classical model, the integral effects of direct filtration of an energy (or heat) carrier in low-permeable inclusions. The laws of gas flow variations at the discharge point are compared with the classical double porosity model and with the Boussinesq– Leibenzon model.

Доклады Академии наук. 2019;484(3):348-351
pages 348-351 views

Oceanology

Numerical estimations of desalinated seawater modification using Laptev sea shelf seawater as the example

Dubinina Е.О., Miroshnikov А.Y., Kossova S.А., Flint M.V.

Abstract

A new model for describing the behavior of the isotope (d18О, dD) parameters of desalinated seawater during freezing is proposed. The model was tested using the Laptev Sea shelf waters, which are actively desalinated by the Lena river input and modified by the freezing and ice removing. It is shown that taking into account the modification process leads to the correction of estimates of the fraction of fresh water input up to 20%. A criterion for determination of model availability is proposed.

Доклады Академии наук. 2019;484(3):352-357
pages 352-357 views

Biochemistry, biophysics, molecular biology

Identification and expression analysis of chitinase genes in pitchers of Nepenthes sp. during development

Filyushin M.A., Kochieva E.Z., Shchennikova A.V., Beletsky A.V., Mardanov A.V., Ravin N.V., Skryabin K.G.

Abstract

Fifteen chitinases of classes I–V were identified in the transcriptomes of pitchers and adult leaves of the carnivorous plant Nepenthes sp. Ten of these chitinases were identified for the first time, including the chitinases of classes II and V. The expression levels of all found chitinase genes in leaves and at three stages of pitcher development were determined. The maximum level of transcriptional activity in an open pitcher was observed for the genes encoding chitinase NChi4 (class II) and its isoforms. The expression levels of these genes significantly increased as the pitcher developed. In addition, for the first time, transcription of the genes encoding chitinases of all five classes was detected in the leaves of this plant.

Доклады Академии наук. 2019;484(3):358-362
pages 358-362 views

A novel PRE-element from Drosophila virilis genome as a useful model silencer

Chetverina D.A., Mikhailova A.V., Georgiev P.G., Erokhin M.M.

Abstract

We tested the activity of the PRE element from the Drosophila virilis genome, which is the homologue of the known Drosophila melanogaster bxdPRE element from the regulatory region of the Ubx gene. It is easy to select unique primers to this element that do not occur in the Drosophila melanogaster genome. We showed that the studied PRE element causes a strong repression of the white marker gene upon insertion into the Drosophila melanogaster genome and interacts with the PcG proteins of the PRC1 and PhoRC complexes.

Доклады Академии наук. 2019;484(3):363-366
pages 363-366 views

Hypochlorite-induced oxidative modification of fibrinogen

Yurina L.V., Vasilyeva A.D., Bugrova A.E., Indeykina M.I., Kononikhin A.S., Nikolaev E.N., Rosenfeld M.A.

Abstract

Oxidation of fibrinogen with hypochlorite inhibited the fibrin network self-assembly even at the lowest concentration of the oxidant. The analysis of the results of protein electrophoresis at this hypochlorite concentration showed the absence of fragmentation of the protein and covalent cross-linking of its chains. The study of the areas responsible for the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin by mass spectrometry showed that they are not subject to oxidative damage. However, we identified oxidized amino acid residues, which could affect the protofibril aggregation.

Доклады Академии наук. 2019;484(3):367-371
pages 367-371 views

Physiology

Serotonin differentially modulates the functional properties of damaged and intact motoneurons of the frog spinal cord

Kalinina N.I., Zaitsev A.V., Vesselkin N.P.

Abstract

The role of serotonin in the recovery of motor functions in spinal cord injuries is intensively studied, but the mechanism of its action remains unclear. In this work, we used the preparation of an isolated segment of the spinal cord of an adult frog to compare the electrophysiological properties of damaged and intact lumbar moto- neurons and the modulating effect of serotonin (5-HT) on them. Due to specific morphology of the motoneurons (a very branched dendritic tree), we could reliably obtain damaged (on the surface of the slice) and intact moto- neurons (in the depth of the slice). Using intracellular recording, we found significant differences between these groups of neurons in the resting membrane potential, input resistance, properties of the action potential (amplitude, duration, fast and medium phases of the afterhyperpolarization), the frequency of spikes. We found that 5-HT reduced the amplitude of the afterhyperpolarization and increased the frequency of spikes in intact neurons, whereas in damaged motoneurons, 5-HT increased the amplitude of the afterhyperpolarization and did not affect the frequency of discharges. The results of the study show that the properties of the motoneurons and the effect of neuromodulators on them, in particular, 5-HT, can change after damage.

Доклады Академии наук. 2019;484(3):372-376
pages 372-376 views

General biology

Tolerance of potato plants to chloride salinity is regulated by selective light

Kovtun I.S., Efimova M.V., Malofii M.K., Kuznetsov V.V.

Abstract

Compared the response of the plant Solanum tuberosum L. mid-varieties Nakra to chloride salinity which depending on lighting conditions. Regenerated plants were produced in vitro from apical meristem and grown on half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium using a hydroponic unit in controlled-climate conditions. At the age of six weeks, the plants were exposed to salt stress (125 mM NaCl, 7 days); at the same time, plants were grown on white light with red or blue light. Plant response to salt stress was estimated by growth and physiological parameters. Potato plant tolerance to chloride salinity rose after short-term exposure to blue light, which has been first shown in this study. The protective effect of blue light was based on its ability to stimulate the accumulation of low-molecular weight organic compounds with antioxidant activity.

Доклады Академии наук. 2019;484(3):377-380
pages 377-380 views

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