Vol XLVIII, No 1 (2016)

In the article the behavior of the performance artist Petr Pavlensky during political actions is analyzed from a position of modern psychiatry. This behavior is estimated as reflection of psychopathology. Results of own psychopathological investigation are given. It is noted that diagnosing of Pavlensky of personal disorder by psychiatrists is unreasonable. This case allows drawing attention of experts to a problem of development of more accurate criteria of differentiation of behavioral disorders and deviations of behavior. Especially actual the matter becomes at an assessment of mental health of persons, showing political activity, and persons of the modern art.

Results of research of personal functioning and perception of a family situation of 234 close relatives (fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters, wives) of patients with heroin addiction are presented,revealed with application of cluster analysis. The existence of interrelation of a personal dysfunctionality and characteristics of perception of a family situation of relatives of patients with drug addiction is established. There were described three main scenarios of psychological adaptation of relatives to addiction of a family member. The first scenario is characterized by relatives’ attempts to use maximally social forms of interpersonal interaction and thus to limit psychological trauma, caused by social stigmatization. The second one is connected with the attempt of super-rational overcoming of difficult life situation due to strict organization of family relations and extreme motivation of the family members for achievement of normal cultural values. The third one is characterized by refuse from both family interaction and social interaction. Importance of further study of the factors, influencing family and personal functioning of the patient’ is stressed. The obtained data can provide guidance for directed psychotherapeutic and psychosocial interventions for relatives of patients with addictive disorder.

The study of 435 patients with Alcohol Dependence (AD) showed that they displayed greater manifestation of left- handedness that plays negative role in AD with comorbid with organic brain syndrome. Right (R) hemisphere type of functional brain asymmetry, which prevailed in patients with AD, was less favorable clinically and prognostically. The prevalence of R brain deficiency (BD) negatively affects personality changes, patients’ status at the time of hospital release and its dynamics; the prevalence of left hemisphere BD affects advancement of the disease, the complexity of structure of alcohol anosognosia, and the effectiveness of treatment.

We have investigated the anticipation (probabilistic forecasting), the level of social intelligence and IQ in patients with schizophrenia and in people with mental retardation. There were 100 people (50 men and 50 women) in each group. In both groups, there was revealed a reduction of social intelligence and dominance a reduction in capacity for anticipation. Then we compared the results obtained in both groups. It was determined that the patients with schizophrenia showed significantly higher level of probabilistic forecasting, IQ, and ability to analyze and understand the nature and nuances of human relationships. The patients with mental retardation had significantly lower IQ level and higher the capacity for understanding and analyzing emotions, facial expressions and gestures of others.

In recent years has been a considerable interest in the study of the neuropsychological basis of anorexia nervosa (AN). Significant number of research works is based on neuropsychological-oriented method, which is one the main tools of analysis of the relationship of the morpho-functional state of the CNS with mental processes and human behavior both in normal and in various pathological conditions. Neurocognitive deficiency identified in patients with AN is considered as a significant factor of the disease development, of its pathogenetic pathogenic mechanisms and causes of the significant number of adverse outcomes, despite the improvement of therapeutic interventions. This review summarizes the results of neuropsychological studies, modern views on the problem of neurocognitive deficits in patients with AN, an analysis and discussion of the data presented.

This article presents the research results of intuitive and anticipation consistency in group of patients (79) with neurotic disorders. The study found the relationship of intuitive abilities with the personal-situational anticipation and overall solvency. The obtained results allow asserting that between anticipation consistency and intuitiveness in patients with various neurotic disorders there is a distinct relationship, suggesting that these mechanisms of neuronogenesis complement each other.

There was conducted historical and theoretical review of manipulative medicine, in particular osteopathy and manual therapy. It was stressed that officially osteopathy as a medical discipline took shape in the early nineteenth century, i.e. before the manual therapy, and a direct predecessor of manual therapy, chiropractics - in the late nineteenth century. In the mid-twentieth century there was defined a new kind of manipulative medicine, which has absorbed the positive from osteopathy and chiropractics. It turned out that the techniques of osteopathy and manual therapy have a lot in common, andthe techniques of osteopathy are physiologically less dangerous than energetic and sometimes dangerous techniques of manual therapy. However, the basic ideological stance of osteopathy - “osteopathic dysfunction” restricts the creative thinking of the obvious practical advantages of osteopathy in comparison with manual therapy. Manual therapy defined its theoretical base as the concept of barrier functions of locomotor system, which is a significant contribution to the understanding of the mechanisms of pathological conditions development and in their elimination. This seeming contradiction unfortunately prevents fruitful cooperation of these types of medical activities. Contrasting them with the aim of identifying the superiority of one of them is dialectically and gnosiologically meaningless, as meaningless, for example, is a comparison of the usefulness of right and left hands. Persistent sensitivity, a key requirement for the specialist of manual therapy is no less relevant in osteopathy.