Vol 21, No 1 (2019)

Independent work is an important part of the educational process. The work is devoted to the actual problem of modern education - the introduction of new forms, techniques, technologies in the organization of independent work of students in mathematics. Work in small groups is the most popular method among interactive methods of training. In the article, one of possible options to realize this method is considered. Examples of the use of interactive methods of training at Mathematics lessons are presented.

The article deals with the methodological approach associated with the purposeful work on the development of speech and vocabulary enrichment of younger students in the lessons of the Russian language. Among the results of the development of the basic educational program of primary General education in the Russian language are: the ability to navigate in the goals, objectives, means and conditions of communication, to choose adequate language tools for the successful solution of communicative tasks: mastering educational activities with language units and the ability to use knowledge to solve cognitive, practical and communicative tasks. The development of speech of younger students is recognized as one of the most urgent tasks of primary school practice. The importance and importance of speech development is noted in the Federal state educational standard of primary General education. A wealth of material to enhance speech development of younger students, enriching their vocabulary present words-agronomy, particularly archaic words. To check the efficiency of development of speech of younger students was used diagnostic methods R.S. Nemov and T.A. Potokovoj. The work was carried out in three directions: on the phrase and sentence, on the coherent speech, vocabulary work. The positive dynamics of the levels of speech development, passive and active vocabulary of children of the experimental group confirmed the feasibility and effectiveness of working with words-agnonyms as a means of enriching the vocabulary and speech development of children of primary school age.

The subject of the article: the rationale for the relevance of formation of the professionally oriented patriotism of students of the defense specialties. The object of the article: the process of formation of professionally oriented patriotism of future specialists of the defense industry. Objective: to improve the system of professional training of future specialists of the defense industry. Results of work: the result of the analysis of researches in the field of formation of patriotism allowed to consider professionally oriented patriotism as a kind of patriotism necessary for future specialists of the defense industry for the responsible performance of their professional duties. The urgency of formation of professionally oriented patriotism of future specialists of the defense industry in the process of their professional training, due to the specificity and feature of their professional activities. The structure and essence of professionally oriented patriotism, which is an integrative property of the individual, including three components: cognitive, emotional-value and motivational-activity, are determined. The pedagogical system of formation of professionally oriented patriotism of students is designed. The application of the developed system in the University educational process has led to an increase in the average level of formation of all components of professionally oriented patriotism of students, compared with the traditional system of Patriotic education, which indicates its effectiveness. Field of application of the results: on the basis of the results developed specific guidelines for the organization of educational work of future specialists of the defense industry, on the basis of which was built the educational process at the faculty of engineering IzhSTU named after M. T. Kalashnikov and a number of other universities, leading training for the defense industry. Conclusion: Checking the statistical significance of the differences and correlation analysis of empirical data revealed the relationship between the components in the structure of professionally oriented patriotism and confirm the effectiveness of the developed system of its formation.

Subject of the article: M.M. Bakhtin’s "Living" in Music. Object of the article: the XXth century: music in the life and work of Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin (1895 - 1975) - Russian philosopher and literary critic, theorist of culture and art. The purpose of the project : to actualize for the scientific world the information about the value of music in the life and scientific research of the scientist, to look more broadly at the intersection of musical and literary forms, musical terminology in the disclosure of images of literary heroes, who managed to show the spiritual essence of the musical language, using its features in the disclosure of the worldview of the analyzed images. The richness of Bakhtin's perception of the world through the prism of music allows us to see or hear a new way of scientist’s intellectual thinking, to formulate the grounds for the search for new aspects of scientific research. Methodology of work: being a "sculptor of new architectonics of understanding and description" (K.G. Isupov), Bakhtin created multidimensional "sets" in the space of methodology. Based on individual methods, the author builds the concept of Bakhtin’s reflection as a connoisseur of the art of metaphysics of music, focusing on the categories: "modulation", "polyphony", "tone", "improvisation of the sounds", "chorus", "pause" and others. Bakhtin, while researching Dostoevsky’s poetics, used the term "polyphony", filling it with a semantic duality: as a way of thinking and as a formative element, a specific compositional move. "Bakhtin’s Methodological school" today, in the ХХI century, becomes important and necessary in the process of comprehension of the humanities. Results: the problem identified in the topic has a broad context that allows us to consider a range of issues of "living" in music: listening and hearing, perception, the analysis of language and "feeling" and many others, for music is the "unpronounceable" sphere of spiritual search, the vital element of creativity (A. White). Bakhtin's experience in this regard is valuable today. Application of the results : Bakhtin's experience, which has become a unique practice of forming his perception of the world through the prism of music, is a little studied phenomenon that stimulates research interest and opens up opportunities for comparative methodology. Awareness of this phenomenon allows us to comprehend and detail the general patterns in the development of scientific understanding of the importance of such activities of a particular person in the national humanitarian thought. Conclusion: the scientific novelty of the study is in the analysis of a set of materials on the problem of understanding M.M. Bakhtin’s "living" in music. An outstanding scientist, philosopher and philologist managed to translate the image of literary polyphony into a musical polyphony, and the latter - into the sounding "nerve of the philosophical model of the world" (R.A. Telcharova). Thus, the conclusions presented in the article are reasoned and logical.

The article discusses the phenomenon of the ground and the figures in the selfie, a photographic self-portrait, which has become a notable fact of the current era of the “digital revolution”. The problem of the ground and the figure is considered at the denotative (from the standpoint of visual perception) and connotative (semiotic approach) levels proposed by R. Barthes.

In the article the poetics and ideological contents of four New Year's (eonic) poems written at the end of the 1850th by V.G. Benediktov is considered. In the second half of the 1830th he drew attention with courageous stylistic experiments, however at the beginning of the 1840th, after critical statements of V.G. Belinsky, lost popularity and was forgotten. During the Crimean war and the eve of Emancipation Benediktov was before the reader in new (and still not studied in literary criticism) shape - the poet-citizen and the author of religious poems. As one of genre forms for expression of civil and religious feelings the form of New Year's verses, at that time already rather archaic for the Russian poetry was chosen by the poet. Considered as the spokesman of "vulgar romanticism", Benediktov appeared in these verses the citizen and the patriot, sincerely, deeply and somehow very personally interested in emancipation of the people and in the movement of the country on the way of progress. Not ostentatious, but alien fanaticism religiousness; educational ideals; monarchism - there are constants of public consciousness of the ordinary Russian writer. In a sense Benediktov acts as "chronicler" of moods of the Russian educated society in a transition period of the 1856 - 1860th, consistently acting on behalf of generalized "we". In the first part of a cycle ("On the New 1857th"), clearly agitational, the poet draws a situation of "thaw" and consistently, to be exact, "superfluous", in a stylistic manner peculiar to him, describes a mythological archetype of fight of Light against Darkness. The second poem ("Hi to Old 1858th"), printed with acceptable distortions, contains a New Year's prayer for "Person" in which image lines of Christ and the emperor Alexander II are integrated. The third part ("For the New 1859th year") represents a New Year's psalm. The choice of this genre with which in the 1700th the Russian eonic poetry began, was dictated, apparently, by problems of spiritual association of "believers" (in Emancipation) and findings of personal internal forces. The philosophical New Year's elegy "On 1861th" concludes a cycle. "Time philosophy" and utopian expectations of the poet was reflected in it. Some kind of "cauda" in "the New Year's metatext" is "the poem on a case" "Great action" in which Benediktov welcomes the Tsar-Emancipator and the people submissively accepting the favor granted to it - freedom.

This article discusses one of the most controversial images in the history of culture - fire. The study focused on the works of G. Heym, G. Tracle, F. Kafka, E. Canetti, E. Jelinek, K. Ransmayr and P. Rosei. In the above work, the fire acts as a kind of code of expressionist attitude and a kind of sign of syncretic art: poetry-music-visual (painting). The symbolic load of the image varies in the paradigm of death, war, Apocalypse, hell abyss, the collapse of the world and its remains, which is also characteristic of the aesthetics of expressionism, the tradition of which is observed in the works of not only poets of the last century, but also in the works of living authors.

The nowadays of religious situation of the society in the context of religious culture was the result of Soviet secularization. Nevertheless, diachronicaly religion remained and remains an element of the structure of the space of popular traditions. Taking into account this aspect is inevitable when explicating cultural patterns in religious studies, sociological and historical research works. This paper shows how traditional religious customs and traditions existed in the sphere of the immanent framework of secular Soviet culture mainly in rural areas (Belarus and the Samara region). The publication examines the structure of the life world of Soviet people, based on the analysis of biographies. An important point in the modern history of our country has become the return of religion to the life world of society. At the same time, the traditional religions in this return relied on folk customs and traditions preserved during the period of Soviet secularization.