Vol 23, No 2 (2021)

Cтатья подготовлена к 130-летию со дня рождения Георгия Федоровича Кнорре - специалиста теории горения. В ходе работы над материалом выяснилось, что изобретатель топочных устройств зарекомендовал себя еще и в литературе как писатель-мемуарист, а под фамилией Кнорре работали, изобретали и патентовали свои изобретения ученые одного генеалогического древа. Дальнейшее изучение их биографии и заслуг в науке показало, что Кнорре - это целая династия выдающихся ученых и конструкторов, которая начинает свою историю с конца XVIII в. Имя Кнорре прозвучало в науке (физика, астрономия, математика), медицине и искусстве (музыка). И сегодня потомки Кнорре живут и работают, причем не только в России, продолжая список научных и творческих достижений своих предков.

According to the Federal State Educational Standard 3++, the state has defined the main goal of education, including higher education. This goal is to identify and comprehensively develop each student, to achieve high personal and meta-subject results. This standard requires teachers to develop key competencies in students that provide them with elasticity and tolerance in relation to a rapidly changing world. The learning process is faced with a number of conditions and tasks that determine the didactic principles. The university teacher, at the same time, becomes the organizer of the educational process, an assistant and adviser to the students

The article deals with the issue of improving the quality of learning a foreign language, namely the analysis of some problems that arise when this subject is taught in distance learning mode. The article substantiates the relevance of the problem, especially in terms of rapid development of information technology over the last ten years; it also considers the situation that our country and educational system face as the result of the consequences of COVID-19 spread. The article points out and analyses some of the problems concerning learning foreign languages in the distance learning mode, goes into their essence and also identifies the reasons for these problems to occur.

Тhe article examines the concepts of "morality" and "spirituality" based on research by domestic, foreign scientists, psychologists of different eras. The main directions of the study of concepts are highlighted. The main parameters of morality from a pedagogical, philosophical point of view are emphasized. Highlighting the main parameters of morality. Definition of the concept of "morality" based on historical analysis. The substantive part of the concepts of spiritual, moral and moral education. Spiritual and moral education is in demand in pedagogical practice and gives morality to the national identity. The characteristic of the content of the concepts of spiritual, moral, moral and moral education is presented, their features are determined. The relationship between morality and spirituality in cultural identity. The importance of spiritual and moral education is in demand in modern pedagogical science, it is this education that enriches a person with national identity and contributes to the development of spiritual needs, motivating him in his actions to the national ideal, self-actualization. Consideration of the compatibility of physiological needs with the moral and moral qualities of a person. Cognitive and aesthetic layers in the pyramid of needs. Study of the concept of morality in the framework of the activity approach. The educational process and its content. The life stage of a person and the process of self-improvement. The role of the system of rules and principles of human behavior in society and the system of personal beliefs and priorities in life.

The article captures up to date issues of music education of the secondary professional educational organizations. The complexity and at the same time uniqueness of the music teacher/music director professions are noted, the problem of decrease of applicants' educational background is described. Interviews with teachers of subject-cycle commissions and content analysis of educational and methodological documentation on the disciplines included in the music-theoretical training and interdisciplinary courses from the professional module PM.03 Pedagogical musical and performing activities among educational institutions of the Volga Federal District, confirming the need for transforming the educational process by creating an integrative model of musical and theoretical training were conducted. Scientific research in the field of pedagogical integration is analyzed, it is determined that integration in pedagogy is not only a process and result, but also the principle of development of its theory and practice. As a result of pedagogical integration the integrative thinking is defined. Based on the obtained knowledge the methodological basis for the design of an integrative model was formed. The leading approach to modeling of professional musical-theoretical training of students is the integrative one, which ensures the integrity of professional formation of specialists and is manifested in the extent of integrative thinking, the growth of systematic knowledge, complexity of skills, willingness for self-actualization and self-development. The design of the model of musical-theoretical training is carried out taking into account the implementation of integrative processes at four levels: inter-subject, intra-subject, interpersonal and intrapersonal. The leading principle of modeling the content of musical and theoretical training of students is the principle of integration, which ensures the effective achievement of the goals of the educational process by forming a holistic view of the musical art. To implement this principle, the following tasks are solved: the object of integration is defined, factors that contribute and do not contribute to the integration of the designated objects are identified, and the expected result is defined. According to the results of the functioning of the model, students have developed skills of integrative thinking, performing and pedagogical skills, increased interest and activity in the learning process and the emergence of emotional and value orientations. The article proves the need to use an integrative model of musical-theoretical training of students of a pedagogical college.

Subject of the article: apophatic of sleep. The article examines how the apophatic of culture is implemented through a literary work, namely, it considers the apophatic side of the phenomenon of sleep. Object of the article: A. Grin’s early story “Struggle with Death”. If researchers refer to this text, they consider it only immanently, in the context of all the works by the writer. However, this story is of particular value in the cultural-philosophical understanding of the phenomenon of sleep and death in the Russian version of logocentrism, since in this story sleep is a condition for the character’s recovery, the way out of the morbial state. Research methodology: a holistic analysis of a literary text in the ontohermeneutic way with the use of a semantic research method. Research results: the identification of the apophatic nature of sleep in Grin’s story. Sleep is endowed with ontological properties and meaning-generating functions. The appeal to philosophical reflections on the axiological status of sleep by the German philosopher Rudolf Steiner, whose ideas were shared by the representatives of the Silver Age, especially Maximilian Voloshin, is also productive, since the anthroposophist highlights the apophatic side of sleep associated with day and night human consciousness.

Object of the article: the riddle of the Sphinx and the Vedic riddles. Subject of the article: structural and semantic comparison between the riddle of the Sphinx and the riddles in “Rigveda” and “Yajurveda”. Purpose of research: to show that the scheme of the riddle of the Sphinx about “man”, based on the description of an allegorical creature which is “two-footed, three-footed and four-footed”, has a structural correspondence in the Vedic ritual-offering formulas, which describe Vedic poetic metres, divided by number of padas (“feet”) in a verse. Research methods: methods of the structural and semantic analysis applied. Results: the author argues that the poetic scheme of the Vedic ritual-offering formulas reflects an Indo-European proto-text, on which the riddle of the Sphinx is based. Field of application: literary studies. Conclusion: The author argues that the description of the Vedic metres in ritual-offering formulas through the allegorical ”two-footed (dvipada), four-footed (catushpada) and three-footed (tripada)”creatures has a structural and semantic correspondence in the riddle of the Sphinx, based on the description of an allegorical creature which is “two-footed, three-footed and four-footed”. The essay suggests that this correspondence between the Vedic formulas and the riddle of the Sphinx allows an alternative interpretation of the Greek riddle on meta-literal level as an allegorical description of poetic forms. The author is indebted to Svetlana Gracheva and Dan Whitman for stimulating discussions and helpful advice.

In this article, the authors find it productive to explore the relationship between Russian and foreign literature through the prism of the philosophy of existentialism, which is quite popular today. Research methodology : philological analysis of literary texts (problematic approach), comparative analysis with elements of comparative studies. The authors come to the conclusion that Murakami immerses his heroes in situations where it is possible to change everything, but such a situation requires unambiguous decisions and immediate action, but the heroes, for the most part, are endlessly lonely, melancholic people who become themselves an obstacle to making any decisions. They are merciless to themselves, stubborn to the point of absurdity and always torture themselves from within. Each hero has his own deep "Norwegian forest" in his mind, but not everyone finds the strength and resilience to get out of it into a real and noisy Japanese metropolis, continue his life without getting lost in the labyrinth of his own consciousness, and find the main meaning of his existence. Thus, the existential motives of F.M. Dostoevsky are acquiring a new sound in the prose of the Japanese author, who, despite his western orientation, did not succeed in avoiding the imposition of the national mentality proper on his artistic world-modeling.